This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus V-2Oonthe replication of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. When A. actinomycetemcomitam and P. gingivalis were incubated alone and in the combination with L. acidophilus V-20, the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were compared between those cultures. The effect of S. mutans, E. durans, and L. lactis on the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was also evaluated. The change of periodontal indexes(probine depth, gingival index, GCF volume) and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bdcteroides in subgingival plaque sample were evaluated following gargling of fermented milk made from L. acidophilus V-20 for 1 month on patients with periodontal disease in maintenance phase. In the mixed culture of L. acidophilus V-20 and A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, the replication of A. adinomycetemcomitam or P. gingivalis was completely inhibited. But in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and hydrogen peroxide-nonproducing Lactobacillus casei, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not decreased when compared with the numbers in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and L. acidophilus V-20. In the mixed culture of A. actinomycetemcomitam and S. mutans, E. durans, or L. lactis, the viable cell number of A. adinomycetemcomitans was not almost changed when compared with the numbers in the culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans alone. And in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and E. durans or L. lactis, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not almost changed compared with the counts in the culture of P. gingivalis alone. But the replication of P. gingivalis was completely inhibited in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and S. mutans. When the change of periodontal indexes following gargling of fermented milk was compared with baseline, probing depth and gingival index were not changed, but GCF volume was significantly dcreased(p (0.05). And when the viable cell numbers of microorganisms in subgingival plaque sample were compared with baseline, total viable cell number was almost unchanged and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bdcteroides were significantly decreased(p<0.05). These results suggest that L. acidophilus V-20 inhibit the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides by the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Bacteria* ; Bacteroides ; Cell Count ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lactic Acid* ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Lactobacillus casei ; Milk ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Porphyromonas gingivalis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of bilateral inferior oblique transposition (BIOT) on horizontal deviation from primary position among patients with bilateral dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) associated with inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) in infantile strabismus. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was conducted among 19 patients with infantile strabismus. All patients had DVD and IOOA with consecutive or recurrent horizontal deviation and underwent modified BIOT surgery. Patients were divided into three subgroups: patients who underwent BIOT (BIOT group, n = 9) alone, BIOT with medial rectus recession or lateral rectus resection simultaneously (ET BIOT group, n = 6), or BIOT with lateral rectus recession or medial rectus resection simultaneously (XT BIOT group, n = 4). Postoperative angle of horizontal deviation (prism diopter, PD) and corrected magnitude of horizontal deviation (PD) at final visit after surgery were analyzed in each group. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.11 ± 21.05 months (range, 32 to 115). The mean follow-up period was 8.68 ± 2.87 months (range, 6 to 18). Preoperative horizontal deviation was 4.23 ± 5.99 PD (range, 0 to 16) in BIOT, −17.33 ± 6.76 PD (range, −30 to −10) in ET BIOT, and 17.50 ± 2.52 PD (range, 14 to 20) in XT BIOT. Esodeviation is represented by negative values. DVD and IOOA were reduced less than +1 in all patients. The corrected amount of horizontal deviation was 3.56 ± 5.18 PD (range, 0 to 16) in BIOT surgery alone and larger in XT BIOT (18.50 ± 3.41 PD) than in ET BIOT (12.33 ± 5.57 PD, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal exodeviation was corrected by BIOT alone. In addition, secondary eso- or exodeviation at great magnitudes should be corrected with proper horizontal muscle surgery along with BIOT.
Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus*

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the possibility of using existing test data provided in Korea and elsewhere for the registration of chemical substances was examined. Data on 510 chemical substances that are among the first subject to registration under the “Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (K-REACH)” were analyzed. METHODS: The possibility of using existing data from 16 reference databases was examined for 510 chemical substances notified in July 2015 as being subject to registration. RESULTS: Test data with the reliability required for the registration of chemical substances under the K-REACH constituted 48.4% of the required physicochemical characteristics, 6.5% of the required health hazards, and 9.4% of the required environmental hazards. CONCLUSIONS: Some existing test data were not within the scope of this research, including data used for registration in the European Union (EU). Thus, considering that 350 of these 510 species are registered in EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals, more test data may exist that can be utilized in addition to the data identified in this study. Furthermore, the K-REACH states that non-testing data (test results predicted through Read Across, Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationships) and the weight of evidence (test results predicted based on test data with low reliability) can also be utilized for registration data. Therefore, if methods for using such data were actively reviewed, it would be possible to reduce the cost of securing test data required for the registration of chemical substances.
European Union ; Korea

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the possibility of using existing test data provided in Korea and elsewhere for the registration of chemical substances was examined. Data on 510 chemical substances that are among the first subject to registration under the “Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (K-REACH)” were analyzed. METHODS: The possibility of using existing data from 16 reference databases was examined for 510 chemical substances notified in July 2015 as being subject to registration. RESULTS: Test data with the reliability required for the registration of chemical substances under the K-REACH constituted 48.4% of the required physicochemical characteristics, 6.5% of the required health hazards, and 9.4% of the required environmental hazards. CONCLUSIONS: Some existing test data were not within the scope of this research, including data used for registration in the European Union (EU). Thus, considering that 350 of these 510 species are registered in EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals, more test data may exist that can be utilized in addition to the data identified in this study. Furthermore, the K-REACH states that non-testing data (test results predicted through Read Across, Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationships) and the weight of evidence (test results predicted based on test data with low reliability) can also be utilized for registration data. Therefore, if methods for using such data were actively reviewed, it would be possible to reduce the cost of securing test data required for the registration of chemical substances.
European Union ; Korea

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of diabetes education program on Glucose Metabolism(blood sugar. HbAlc) and Lipid Metabolism(total cholesterol. triglyceride. low density lipoprotein. high density lipoprotein). Self-efficacy in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from March 12 to June 19, 2001. Sixty-two research subjects were assigned to experimental (36) and control (26) groups. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. t-test by spsswin program The results are as follows: 1. Experimental group had higher level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS: t=-3.317. p=.002. HbAlc: t=-4.956. p=.000). 2. Level of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between experimental group and control group(Triglyceride: t=-2.108. p=.039). 3. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=4.651. p=.000). In conclusion. the study supported the effects of diabetes education program to increase metabolism and self-efficacy. Further study with a longitudinal design is suggested to verify the effect of diabetes education program in NIDDM and standardized diabetes education program.
Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Education* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism* ; Research Subjects ; Triglycerides

The HELLP syndrome, which is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets, complicates 4 to 14% of preeclamptic or eclamptic pregnancy. Its course is usually benign except when spontaneous hepatic rupture, a rare catastrophic event, threatens life. The authors have experienced one case of spontaneous hepatic rupture in HELLP syndrome during immediate postpartum period, which was treated with surgical intervention on the first postpartum day. We report this case with a brief review of the literatures.
Female ; HELLP Syndrome* ; Hemolysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Liver ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Rupture*

Forty-two percent of the patients with renal failure that requires continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have been reported to have severe malnutrition, and preexisting malnutrition is a statistically significant and independent predictor of negative hospital outcomes. We performed this study to evaluate the appropriateness of the calorie and protein provided for the critically ill patients who require CRRT. One hundred forty-nine patients who received CRRT were enrolled. The demographic data, the length of the ICU stay and the mortality were recorded. The calorie/protein intake and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and creatinine levels were used as nutritional parameters. The mean daily calorie intake during CRRT was 16.1+/-7.4 kcal/kg, which was 64% of the recommended intake. Only 10% of the patients received the recommended caloric intake and the ratio of the enteral and parenteral calories was 26%/74%. The mean protein intake was 0.58+/-0.34 g/kg, which was 38% of the recommended intake. The calorie and protein intakes at the termination of CRRT were significantly increased compared to the initial day of treatment, but they stayed under the recommended intake. The BUN, creatinine and albumin levels were significantly increased in the survival group (odds ratio for albumin: 2.73; creatinine: 2.43). A strategy to increase the nutrition provision is needed to improve the nutritional statuses and clinical outcomes of the critically ill patients who require CRRT.
Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Critical Illness ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Malnutrition ; Nutritional Status ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Replacement Therapy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to implement a software to visualize tumor and its surrounding fiber tracts simultaneously using diffusion tensor imaging and examine the feasibility of our software for investigating the influence of tumor on its surrounding fiber connectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR examination including T1-weigted and diffusion tensor images of a patient with brain tumor was performed on a 3.0 T MRI unit. We used the skull-striped brain and segmented tumor images for volume/surface rendering and anatomical information from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Diffusion tensor images for the white matter fiber-tractography were acquired using a SE-EPI with a diffusion scheme of 25 directions. Fiber-tractography was performed using the streamline and tensorline methods. To correct a spatial mismatch between T1- weighted and diffusion tensor images, they were coregistered using a SPM. Our software was implemented under window-based PC system. RESULTS: We successfully implemented the integrated visualization of the fiber tracts with tube-like surfaces, cortical surface and the tumor with volume/surface renderings in a patient with brain tumor. CONCLUSION: Our result showed the feasibility of the integrated visualization of brain tumor and its surrounding fiber tracts. In addition, our implementation for integrated visualization can be utilized to navigate the brain for the quantitative analysis of fractional anisotropy to assess changes in the white matter tract integrity of edematic and peri-edematic regions in a number of tumor patients.
Anisotropy ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI performed after excisional biopsy to diagnose residual cancer and additional lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 patients who had breast cancer diagnosed by excisional biopsy underwent preoperative breast MRI between March 2005 and August 2007 were included. MRI findings were considered positive for residual cancer if focal, thick, or irregular rim enhancement or adjacent enhancing lesion was identified around the postoperative biopsy cavity. And additional lesions separated from biopsy cavity including multifocal, multicentric, or contralateral lesion were evaluated. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MRI, comparing MRI with histopathologic finding, and the impact of MRI on surgical planning. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting residual disease considering rim enhancement were 85.7%(6/7) and 55.6%(5/9). Additional lesions including multifocal, multicentric, or contralateral lesion were found in 6 patients. In 7 patients, results of MRI findings changed surgical treatment planning. CONCLUSION: The pattern of rim enhancement on MRI after excisional biopsy is not differential point to evaluate remnant lesion. But MRI has an important role to help the detection of multifocal or multicentric, or contralateral breast malignancies, resulting in beneficial change in surgical treatment planning.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) occurs rarely in children, but its incidences are increasing due to frequent antibiotic use. We investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of PMC accompanied by bacterial enteritis-like symptoms in children. METHODS: Between November 2003 and July 2007 at the Department of Pediatrics, Dongsan Medical Center, we analyzed the medical records of consecutive patients who received antibiotics in the past 1 month, developed bacterial enteritis-like symptoms, and were diagnosed with PMC based on sigmoidoscopy examination and histological findings. RESULTS: Among 22 patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy and biopsy examinations, 11 (50%) were diagnosed with PMC. These 11 patients were aged 2 months-12 years, among whom 5 patients (45.5%) were less than 1 year old. The clinical symptoms were bloody diarrhea (28.6%), abdominal pain or colic (28.6%), watery or mucoid diarrhea (23.8%), vomiting (9.5%), and fever (9.5%). The antibiotics used were penicillins (55.6%), macrolides (27.8%), cephalosporins (11.1%), and aminoglycosides (5.6%). The period of antibiotic use was 3-14 days. The interval between the initial antibiotic exposure and the onset of symptoms was 5-21 days. The results of stool examination of all patients were negative for Clostridium difficile toxin A. Patient distribution according to the degree of PMC was as follows: grade I, 18.2% (2 cases); grade II, 27.3% (3); grade III, 36.4% (4); and grade IV, 18.2% (2). PMC did not recur in any case. CONCLUSION: PMC is not a rare disease in children. If pediatric patients receiving antibiotics manifest symptoms like bacterial enteritis, PMC should be suspected. Endoscopy and biopsy should be applied as aggressive diagnostic approaches to detect this condition.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Aminoglycosides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Toxins ; Biopsy ; Cephalosporins ; Child ; Clostridium difficile ; Colic ; Diarrhea ; Endoscopy ; Enteritis ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Enterotoxins ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Macrolides ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Penicillins ; Rare Diseases ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Vomiting