OBJECTIVE: Adult onset Still s disease is an acute systemic inflammatory disorder. There are no pathognomonic symptoms or specific laboratory abnormalities. In recent reports, serum ferritin concentration is increased in active disease phase and decreased after defervescence. Our purpose was to determine the clinical significance of serum ferritin as an indicator for disease activity. METHODS: Seven patients who were diagnosed as adult onset Still s disease at Samsung Medical Center between October 1994 and March 1997, were reviewed. In these patients we checked leukocyte count, ESR, CRP and serum ferritin concentrations at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up periods and recorded febrile events during follow-up periods. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis and during febrile periods, the concentrations of ferritin were extremely high(927ng/ml to 96,650ng/ml normal 10-290.8 ng/ml). The values were unrelated to other manifestations of the disease or laboratory findings. The ferritin concentrations decreased rapidly after adequate treatment. Eleven febrile reattacks happened in 7 patients. Serum ferritin concentrations were increased in 8 febrile attacks, while leukocyte count, ESR, and CRP were increased in 5, 5, 6 febrile attacks respectively, There were 10 events of increased serum ferritin concentrations in 7 patients during follow-up periods and 8 events were related with fever. The increases of other laboratory tests were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In all patients, serum ferritin concentrations were increased at the time of diagnosis and closely related to fever. During follow-up periods, serum ferritin concentrations are helpful in monitoring disease activity and guiding decisions about treatment.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Ferritins* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset*

Liver function tests before treatment showed abnormalities of liver function tests during treatment, while 15(68. 2%) of 22 patients who had abnormal liver function tests before treatment showed abnormalities during treatment. In 12 of the 25 patients who showed abnormalities of liver function tests during treatment with allopurinol, allopurinol was stopped and all patients showed improvement of liver function tests. In remaining 13 patients, 10 patients were improved and other 2 patients showed only mild abnormalities of liver function tests despite of continuing allopurinol and 1 patient was lost during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities of liver function tests were common during treatment with allopurinol. Most patiensts who had mild abnormalities of liver functions tests during treatment with allopurinol were improved regardless of continuing allopurinol.
Allopurinol* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gout* ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests* ; Liver*

Bone defect of the long bone continues to challenge orthopedic surgeons. It is usually very difficult to obtain union. Ilizarov ext. fixation has recently gained popularity as a multifactorial approach to the management of tibial bone defect because nonunion, bone defects, limb shortening, and deformity can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. From February 1992 to May 1993 at the department of orthopedic surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, 9 patients aged from 8 to 37 years were treated for tibial bone defect. The causes were open comminuted fractures with initial bone loss and bone defect after removal of infected necrotic bone. Bony defect size was ranged from 2cm to 14cm, averaging 7.2cm. Bony defects were gradually closed by the Ilizarov's internal bone transport technique, and final equalization of leg length discrepancy was achieved by means of external lengthening technique. Soft tissue defects were treated with secondary closure, split thickness skin graft, and muscle flap. The average healing index was 42.8 days/cm. According to Paley's classification the complications were developed as follows; The problem included pin tract infection(9), knee flexion contracture(4), and intractable pain(1), the obstacles included delayed union(3) and premature consolidation(1), the complication included nonunion(9) and equinus ankle(1). At an average 1 years follow up, according to Paley and Catagnl's classification, body and functional results were either excellent or good in 7 cases. So, we recommend that Ilizarov technique is very useful treatment for open fracture with bone loss, bone defect after removal of infected necrotic bone and limb shortening.
Busan ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Knee ; Leg ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Surgeons ; Tibia ; Transplants

Neonatal listeriosis is not uncommon in Western developed countries, and has significant mortality and morbidity. However, its incidence in Asian countries is relatively low and it has rarely been reported in Korea. Once infected, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) can have high mortality and listeriosis in pregnancy may present serious hazards to the fetus and the newborn as sepsis and death through direct infection of the placenta and chorioamnionitis. Because early detection of L. monocytogenes infection is difficult, only high index of suspicion toward this disease can hopefully prompt treatment of this life-threatening perinatal infection. We experienced a case of L. monocytogenes yielded in cultures of blood and amniotic fluid of the newborn and the mother who delivered at 25+1 weeks of gestation because of preterm labor that developed without any specific evidence of infection. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Amniotic Fluid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chorioamnionitis ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Listeriosis ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Sepsis

Failure of the urachus to regress completely results in anomalies that may be classified as patent urachus, urachal sinus, urachal cyst and bladder diverticula. The presenting symptoms of children with urachal anomalies are variable and uniform guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are lacking. The purpose of this study was to elucidate our conclusions regarding the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of urachal anomalies by reviewing our experiences. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 32 patients who were admitted for urachal anomalies from March 1995 to February 2005. The age distribution of these patients at presentation ranged from 1 day to 14 years old (median age 1 month) and they included 20 boys and 12 girls. The 32 cases comprised 13 cases of urachal sinus (40.6%), 10 urachal cyst (31.3%), and 9 patent urchus (28.1%). The presenting symptoms were umbilical discharge (14 patients), umbilical granuloma (8), abdominal pain and fever (3), fever (3), abdominal pain (2), and a low abdominal mass (2). In 30 patients ultrasonography was used for diagnosis and 2 patients with patent urachus were explored without using a diagnostic method. Twenty-three patients were confirmed by ultrasonography alone and 7 patients were examined using additional modalities, namely, computed tomography for 2 patients with an urachal cyst, magnetic resonance imaging for 1 patient with an urachal cyst, and fistulography for 3 patients with an urachal sinus. Excision was performed in 29 patients, and 3 patients were conservatively managed. Urachal anomalies in children most frequently presented in neonates, and the most common complaint was umbilical discharge with infection. Urachal anomalies can be diagnosed by a good physical examination and an appropriate radiographic test, and ultrasound was found the most useful diagnostic method. Complete surgical excision of an urachal anomaly is recommended to avoid recurrence, and even, though rare, carcinoma development.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Fever ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Urachal Cyst ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Significant discrepancy exists between anatomical plate designs and the anatomy of the native distal radius, which may be attributable to considerable morphometric variations in the volar aspect of the distal radius. We aimed to evaluate the degree of variability in the morphometry of the distal radius and identify factors associated with this variability. METHODS: We measured the volar surface angle (VSA) of the intermediate and lateral columns and the volar surface width (VSW) in the distal radius from three-dimensional computed tomography scans acquired from 81 cadaveric forearms. These morphometric parameters were compared between the lateral and intermediate columns, between males and females, and between Koreans and Caucasians. Caucasian morphometric data were obtained and pooled from the previous studies. The coefficient of variation was used to assess the variability of the parameters and Cohen's d to estimate the effect size of the difference between groups. RESULTS: The average VSA of the lateral column was 22°± 6°, and that of the intermediate column was 29°± 8° in Koreans (p < 0.001). The variability was high for both VSAs. The VSA of the intermediate column was significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001) and in Caucasians than in Koreans (p < 0.001). The average VSW of distal radius was 30 ± 3 mm at the watershed line, and it became narrower proximally. The VSW was significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001) and in Koreans than in Caucasians (p < 0.001). The effect sizes of the difference for the VSA and VSW between sexes, races and columns were medium to large. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable variability exists in the morphometry of the volar distal radius, with sex, race, and column as contributing factors. These results suggest that surgeons should carefully choose an anatomical volar locking plate with appropriate angulation characteristics for each patient to achieve patient-specific alignment of the distal radius.
Bone Plates ; Cadaver ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Male ; Radius* ; Surgeons

PURPOSE: This study examined the associations of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi consumption with the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults.METHODS: We used the community-based cohort data from the 2001 ~ 2012 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). General characteristics, food group frequencies and nutrient intakes at baseline from 3,560 healthy individuals aged 40 ~ 69 years and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its component from 2,259 participants, after excluding the data with incomplete anthropometric and blood test, during 10-year follow-up were analyzed. The participants were classified into three groups according to their daily consumption frequency of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi: ‘less than once (< 1/day)’, ‘once or twice (1 ~ 2/day)’, and ‘three times (3/day)’.RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders such as age, education, income, residence area, alcohol drinking and energy intake, the consumption frequencies of rice and legumes were significantly higher, and the consumption frequency of meat was significantly lower in the 3/day group compared to that of the other two groups in men and women. The average intakes of energy and most nutrients, except fat and cholesterol, were higher in the 3/day group compared to those of the other two groups in men and women. Frequent consumption of kimchi was associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in all the models (unadjusted, age-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted models) in women. When examining the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratio for metabolic syndrome was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47 ~ 0.86) for the 3/day group compared to that of the < 1/day group in women. However, there was no significant association between kimchi consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in men.CONCLUSION: Our results show that consumption of kimchi at every meal was significantly associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in women.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Brassica ; Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Epidemiology ; Fabaceae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genome ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Meals ; Meat

Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (PAH) is a rare and often fetal presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and enters the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in patients with SLE. Reported mortality rats are extremely high, between 70 and 90 percents. Because death frequently occurs within the first several days of the hemorrhage, the diagnosis needs to be established promptly and treatment should be initiated immediately. Treatment of alveolar hemorrhage has included various combinations of corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, and plasmapheresis, but survival rates have been extremely low despite aggressive therapy. We experienced a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a 29 year-old SLE male patient. PAH was diagnosed by hemoptysis, anemia, infiltration on chest X-ray and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage. After high dose intravenous steroid, cyclophosphamide intravenous therapy and plasmapheresis, the condition of patient was markedly improved. He was discharged and received monthly intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide. He has done well since, showing no further pulmonary hemorrhage with steroid tapering.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Anemia ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytotoxins ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mortality ; Plasmapheresis* ; Rats ; Survival Rate ; Thorax

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate how sleep quality affects quality of life in the elderly of rural communities. METHODS: 877 elderly people aged 60 or over living in C towns participated in the study. They responded to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, EuroQol-5 dimension, Korean version of the short from of Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening and the presence of urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Most scores of the items of the quality of life index, except self-management, showed significant correlations with the total score of the sleep quality test. Statistically significant differences were found between the positives and the negatives of the sleep quality test in the scores of all the detailed items of the quality of life index. Among the detailed items of quality of sleep, subjective quality of sleep showed the highest correlation. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the subjective indicators such as subjective sleep quality and sleep disturbance affected quality of life in the rural lives of elderly people more than the objective indicators such as sleep durations or sleep latency periods. Based on the results of these studies, we concluded that a methodological approach and a management model to treating insomnia to improve the quality of life of the elderly would need to be developed and applied.
Aged ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Latency Period (Psychology) ; Mass Screening ; Quality of Life ; Rural Population ; Self Care ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the three-dimensional (3D) facial changes after orthognathic surgery by evaluating the spherical coordinates of facial lines using 3D computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 19-year-old girl was diagnosed with class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. Orthognathic surgery was performed after orthodontic treatment. Facial CT scans were taken before and after orthognathic surgery. The patient had a menton deviation of 12.72 mm before surgery and 0.83 mm after surgery. The spherical coordinates of four bilateral facial lines (ramal height, ramal lateral, ramal posterior and mandibular body) were estimated from CT scans before and after surgery on the deviated and opposite side. RESULTS: The spherical coordinates of all facial lines changed after orthognathic surgery. Moreover, the bilateral differences of all facial lines changed after surgery, and no bilateral differences were zero. CONCLUSION: The spherical coordinate system was useful to compare differences between the presurgical and postsurgical changes to facial lines.
Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult