Korean Ginseng (Panax C.A. Meyer) has survived empirical efficacy as tonic and geriatric agents for several thousands of years in oriental herbal medicine. But there has been numerous controversial reports about its use in aged hypertensive men due to its allegedly hypertensive effects. Therefore, the author conducted the pharmacological studies of Korean Ginseng extracts on the blood pressure and blood lipid metabolism, during development of hypertension, using SHR(Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat), counterpart model of human essential hypertension. The results obtained were as follows: 1. SHR could be grouped, according to their age, as prehypertensive stage(<6th week after birth), labile hypertensive stage(6th 14th week), early established hypertensive stage(14th-20th week), and late established hypertensive stage(>20th week). 2. Plasma renin activity tended to rise steadily, until established hypertensive stage was reached. Thereafter, plasma renin activity tended to decline. 3. The changes of blood pressure due to Ginseng extract, depended on the amount, route and duration of its administration. Low dose of Ginseng tended to increase blood pressure but high dose of Ginseng tended to decrease blood pressure, until 1 week of intraperitonal administration. But prolonged administration of Ginseng extract beyond 1 week, showed delayed hypertensive effect in the intraperitoneal administration but not in oral administration. 4. SHR seemed to have abnormalities in the lipid metabolism. SHR showed lowered level of serum cholesterol and phospholipid, whereas slightly higher level of triglyceride, and showed lower alpha-lipoprotin fraction but higher pre beta-lipoprotein fraction, as compared with NCR.(=Normal Control Rat). 5. When high fat cholesterol salt diet was fed on, it was possible to indece hyperlidemia and increment of hypertension in SHR. but when high fat cholesterol salt diet and Ginseng extract were fed on concomitantly, Ginseng showed significant inhibiting effect on the development of hyperlidemia and hypertension.
Administration, Oral ; Blood Pressure* ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Male ; Panax* ; Plasma ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Renin ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Child* ; Encephalitis, Arbovirus* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms* ; Tuberculosis, Pleural*

No abstract available.
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic* ; Aortic Coarctation*

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is caused by Pneumocystis carinii. It usually occurs in premature or debilitated infants. Recently sporadic cases of human disease in patients who have been on long term steroid therapy, cytotoxic drug therapy, immunosuppressive drug were significantly increased. We recently experienced 35 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants of an institution for foreign adoption in three epidemic period of Feb.1979, Mar. 1980, and Jan. 1980. The clinical review of 35 cases was made. Patients' age was between 1 to 4 months. Twenty-one cases (60%) occurred in 2-month-old infants. Many patients were included in poor weight gain and development. The common symptoms were tachypnea, cyanosis, restlessness, cough, diarrhea in order of frequency. The roentgenological findings were classified into three groups. normal finding, pulmonary emphysema only, and various forms of pneumonic infiltration. The roentgenological findings were somewhat characteristic. The most common finding (24 cases) showed streaky and mottled densities which began in both hill and were spreaded peripherally. The pneumonic infiltrations were spared peripheral lung, but progressed to total involvement. The prominence between alveolar and interstitial infiltration was almostly equal when patients were admitted. Nineteen cases (54%) showed pulmonary emphysema.
Cough ; Cyanosis ; Diarrhea ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Pneumocystis carinii ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; Tachypnea ; Weight Gain

We presented here a case of an 80-year-old male patient who was, confirmed in the typical tumor stage of Mycosis fungoide by skin biopay. Relatively well-defined, brown-colored, round patches were found about 3 years ago on the chest, abdomen and inguinal area. He had received some treatment at several private clinics uder the impression of seborrheic dermatitis, paoriaais and eczematoid dermatitis. However, the skin manifestations were not improved t.ut rarther increased in eize, similarly to tinea corporis. Two months ago, firm nodules and tumors developecl a new on the lesinn sites, assoviated with intense pruritus and ulcerative tendency. We tried radiation therapy, but due to old age the patient chose to discontinurue.
Abdomen ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Humans ; Male ; Mycosis Fungoides* ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations ; Thorax ; Tinea ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Uterine Prolapse*

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that sudden cardiac death can occur in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and this episode is related to the sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia. However, the connecting mechanism of various clinical features and sudden cardiac death is not defined yet. Based on the reports that sudden cardiac death is related to the alteration of heart rate dynamics in some diseases, investigation of heart rate dynamics in postoperative TOF seems important to reveal the mechanism of sudden cardiac death. This study was done as a part of the project to investigate the alteration of heart rate variability and to identify the factors related to the sudden cardiac death in postoperative TOF. METHODS: Among the children with postoperative TOF, 13 asymptomatic children without significant hemodynamic disturbances (Doppler velocity for tricuspid regurgitation 2.5m/sec and mild pulmonary regurgitation) and ventricular arrhythmia were selected (10 boys, 3 girls; mean age, 9 year 3 months; mean duration after operation, 7 years). We evaluated the complexity and periodic dynamics of heart rate (HR) throughout 24 hours in these children and control group (mean age, 8 year 10 months). After examining each ECG data on 24-hour Holter ECG segmented into 1-hour length, we analyzed each HR time series and quantified the overall complexity of each HR time series by its correlation dimension. In addition, the power spectrum of HR and obtained low-frequency component (0.08-0.15Hz) and high-frequency component (0.15-0.4Hz) were calculated. RESULTS: This study showed that TOF group had lower correlation dimension and a nonlinear characteristics of HR time series than control group (4.055+/-0.4134 vs. 4.9310+/-0.2054, p<0.05). However, the difference was not significant in the low- (0.9864+/-0.5598 vs. 1.5560+/-0.8325, p<0.05) and high- (1.1168+/-0.1.1448 vs. 0.9271+/-0.6528, p<0.05) frequency components. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that HR time series are more regular in postoperative TOF. The result was significant in correlation dimension analysis and not in the frequency domain analysis. Although the meaning of this finding in postoperative TOF is not clear at present, this may suggest the phenomenon related to the sudden cardiac death.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Tachycardia ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that sudden cardiac death can occur in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and this episode is related to the sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia. However, the connecting mechanism of various clinical features and sudden cardiac death is not defined yet. Based on the reports that sudden cardiac death is related to the alteration of heart rate dynamics in some diseases, investigation of heart rate dynamics in postoperative TOF seems important to reveal the mechanism of sudden cardiac death. This study was done as a part of the project to investigate the alteration of heart rate variability and to identify the factors related to the sudden cardiac death in postoperative TOF. METHODS: Among the children with postoperative TOF, 13 asymptomatic children without significant hemodynamic disturbances (Doppler velocity for tricuspid regurgitation 2.5m/sec and mild pulmonary regurgitation) and ventricular arrhythmia were selected (10 boys, 3 girls; mean age, 9 year 3 months; mean duration after operation, 7 years). We evaluated the complexity and periodic dynamics of heart rate (HR) throughout 24 hours in these children and control group (mean age, 8 year 10 months). After examining each ECG data on 24-hour Holter ECG segmented into 1-hour length, we analyzed each HR time series and quantified the overall complexity of each HR time series by its correlation dimension. In addition, the power spectrum of HR and obtained low-frequency component (0.08-0.15Hz) and high-frequency component (0.15-0.4Hz) were calculated. RESULTS: This study showed that TOF group had lower correlation dimension and a nonlinear characteristics of HR time series than control group (4.055+/-0.4134 vs. 4.9310+/-0.2054, p<0.05). However, the difference was not significant in the low- (0.9864+/-0.5598 vs. 1.5560+/-0.8325, p<0.05) and high- (1.1168+/-0.1.1448 vs. 0.9271+/-0.6528, p<0.05) frequency components. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that HR time series are more regular in postoperative TOF. The result was significant in correlation dimension analysis and not in the frequency domain analysis. Although the meaning of this finding in postoperative TOF is not clear at present, this may suggest the phenomenon related to the sudden cardiac death.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Tachycardia ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

The increasing number of patients with depression is a serious social issue in contemporary Korean society. To fully understand the pathophysiology of depression, this paper reviewed how depression affects the decision making process of humans. Various recent studies in behavioral economics, mathematics, medicine, and neurobiology have shown how humans make decisions and how emotional disturbances, such as depressive disorder, affect this process. There has been great progress in behavioral economics during this decade, and numerous experiments have been designed to evaluate decision making process in humans. In general, economic decision making is evaluated using the Iowa Gambling Task, and social decision making is assessed using the ultimatum game. Numerous research studies have analyzed the performance and reaction of patients with depression in these games. As a result of the advancement of neurophysiology, research has successfully identified the part of the brain that causes the specific results of tests being conducted on patients with depression. Meanwhile, computational neuroscientists have established decision making models based on bayesian framework. These models also match with the neuroanatomy. Although a large part remains unclear, researchers look forward to achieving a better understanding in depression by analyzing the distinct patterns of responses that patients under depression show in the experiment of behavioral economics.
Affective Symptoms ; Brain ; Decision Making* ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Economics, Behavioral ; Gambling ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Studies ; Iowa ; Mathematics ; Neuroanatomy ; Neurobiology ; Neurophysiology