The aim of this study was to determine whether there are quantitative changes in the mechanoreceptors in the anterior cruciate ligament of unstable knee with injured medial articular cartilage or medial ligament. Twenty specimens of anterior cruciate ligament were obtained from medial articular cartilage injury group and medial ligament injury group, respectively. Forty anterior cruciate ligaments of the other side of knee were used as controls. The ligaments were transected and stained with a modified gold-chloride method. Mechanoreceptors were located almost exclusively in the periligamentous synovial tissue. The results were as follows; 1. Three kinds of mechanoreceptors were found at the surface of each ligament beneath the synovial membrane. 2. The type 2 mechanoreceptor was more common than any other types in all groups. 3. In the medial articular cartilage injury group, the number of mechanoreceptor was significantly decreased and morphologically degradated with synovial degeneration than the control group. The same findings were noted in the medial ligament injury group(P<0.003). 4. There was no statistical difference between the two experimental groups in numher of the mechanoreceptor. In conclusion, the mechanoreceptor of the anterior cruciate ligament of unstable knee with injured medial articular cartilage and ligament in the rabbit were decreased in its numher and were degradated morphologically than the control group. And it was suggested that reduced proprioception in unstable knee might he an another cause of development of osteoarthritis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Cartilage, Articular* ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Mechanoreceptors* ; Osteoarthritis ; Proprioception ; Synovial Membrane

No abstract available.
Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Tuberculosis*

Background & Objective: The number of ischemic stroke is increasing steadily. The recent stroke prevention strategies have targeted risk factors for preventing ischemic stroke. Community-based data that quantify the prevalence of these risk factors are needed to develop effective stroke prevention strategies. This study was performed aiming to establish customized prevention strategies by investigating vascular risk factors of ischemic stroke among the healthy adults in an urban population in Korea. Methods: The Prevention of Stroke and Dementia (PRESENT) survey collected data associated with stroke risk factors between 2007 and 2009 in Ansan city, Korea. Of 46,537 people, 2,843 were selected by random sampling, and final population included 358 men and 422 women over 50 years old. We checked modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and physical inactivity. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 60.1±8.2 years; 55.5% had hypertension, 18.6% had diabetes mellitus, 17.7% were current smoker, 44.9% had hyperlipidemia, 1.7% had atrial fibrillation, and 4.5% had cardiovascular disease. Men had more risk factors for stroke, and higher rates of diabetes mellitus and current smoking. However, women had higher cholesterol and obesity rates and lower physical activity. The proportion of individuals with >1 risk factor for stroke increased with age. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases also increased with age, but low-density lipoprotein levels and current smoking decreased. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information to develop customized strategic policies for primary and secondary stroke prevention.
Stroke

Paraplegia resulting from the operative treatment of scoliosis is a serious complication feared most by orthopedic surgerns. Scoliosis Research Society reported the incidence of acute neurological complications resulting from the treatment of scoliosis as 0.72% in 1975. Thus, the importance of the development of some form of adequate practical spinal cord monitoring during major corrective surgery of the spine has become increasingly recognized as the surgery in this area has accelerated. In order to reduce the incidence of such neurological complications, intraoperative spinal cord monitoring has introduced since nineteen seventies. Monitoring of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (CSEP) were applied in surgery of 31 cases of scoliosis and 4 cases of cervical spine lesions at Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Seoul National University Hospital, from Jan. 1982 to May 1985, and the following results were obtained. 1) Quantitative analysis of CSEP was done in 31 cases of scoliosis as grouping into preincision, preinstrumentation, postinstrumentation and skin closure periods. From preincision period, P1 and N1 latencies prolonged significantly across all periods but not from preinstrumentation period to subsequent periods. P1-N1 amplitude and P2-N2 amplitude were decreased significantly between preincision period and other periods but no significant change was noted from preinstrumentation period to skin closure period. (P<0.05) 2) Abnormal CSEP findings were noted during operations in 4 cases, in which acute neurological complications were prevented with CSEP monitoring. 3) We experienced a case in which CSEP was abolished on the concave side of the curve while CSEP was normal on the convex side, during distraction. So it is considered that the ankle electrode should be placed on the concave side of scoliosis to detect neurological complication. 4) Correctibility of deformity in scoliosis surgery was increased from 44.1% to 51.3% with the use of intraoperative CSEP monitoring without acute meurological complications. 5) CSEP monitoring during spine surgery is an effective method to prevent neurological complication.
Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Electrodes ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Paraplegia ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Skin ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

No abstract available.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

We performed dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the bcr/abl fusion in CML using the peripheral blood smears without destruction of cell morphology to determine the bcr/abl fusion. Two patients of CML, one patient in accelerated phase and one patient in chronic phase, were selected. The blood smears were fixed in absolute methanol. FISH was performed with the Mbcr/abl translocation DNA probe mixture and the slides were stained with Wright's stain after FISH. The blood smears of both cases revealed distinct signals without destruction of cellular morphology. The normoblasts and lymphocytes revealed beautiful fused bcr/abl signals as well as granulocytes in both cases. The results provide a novel finding that the normoblasts and lymphocytes in CML are also neoplastic clonal cells which has not been demonstrated with a single-cell approach before.
DNA ; Erythroblasts* ; Fluorescence* ; Granulocytes ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Lymphocytes* ; Methanol

No abstract available.
Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Renal Dialysis*

The bone marrow biopsy is an integral part of the staging process in patients with malignant lymphomas. Bone marrow(BM) involvement indicates stage IV disease, but there are always a lot of cases in which clear separation is not possible when based on morphology alone. Additional difficulties are caused by morphologic discordance between the BM and the primary lymphoma. Immunohistochemical stain, mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for light chain restriction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for IgH CDR3 and TCRgamma were performed to find a minimal lesion and the clonality in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 39 primary lymphomas and corresponding BM biopsy specimens. As a result, nine morphologically negative bone marrows of 18 lymphomas were positive by PCR (Group I). Among the 6 lymphoma cases with morphologically suspicious BM involvement (Group II), one was confirmed to be positive for marrow involvement by both mRNA ISH and PCR and the other four by PCR alone. The positive bone marrows of Group I and II revealed gene rearrangement at the same site as the primary lesion, suggesting the same clonality. Thirteen of 15 lymphomas with morphologically positive BM (Group III) had the same clonality in the primary lymphomas and the BM lesion. Three cases among the Group III with morphologic discordance also revealed the same clonality by PCR. This study shows that a combination of mRNA ISH and PCR in addition to an immunohistochemical stain improves the diagnostic sensitivity in the detection of BM involvement and identification of clonality. Among the three different methods used, PCR is the most sensitive in detecting a minimal lesion.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Formaldehyde ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical diagnosis, treatment and results of the intraarticular ganglion of the knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1996 to May 1999, nine patients were taken arthroscopic excision of the intraarticular ganglion. Diagnosis was based on history, thorough physical examination and MRI and confirmed by biopsy. RESULTS: As seen in the internal derangement of the knee, symptoms of the intraarticular ganglion were varied from asymptom to pain, effusion and limitation of motion. After arthroscopic excision, eight of nine patients were improved satisfactorily. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic rate of the intraarticular ganglion in the knee would be increased after the introduction of MRI and the results would be improved using arthroscopy. In the case of chronic nonspecific knee pain and limitation of motion, the possibility of the intraarticular ganglion might be considered.
Arthroscopy ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Tibia*