Skull base surgery has developed through the evolution of imaging, anatomic research, surgical approach and reconstructive techiques. The basic disciplines of approaching skull base lesions are to provide direct vision, minimize brain retraction, allow excellent exposure and minimal blood loss. Although many advantages listed above are reported, objective long-term follow up results about post-operative complications of this procedures were not introduced. This study was designed to review the complications of skull base approach that we experienced 43 cases by a team approach with neurosurgery-supraorbital rim osteotomy, orbitozygomatic osteotomy, orbitozygom aticoglen-oidotomy, orbitozygomaticoglenoidocondylotomy, and transfrontonasomaxillary osteotomy-through objective evalutation criteria. The result of this study demonstrated that the type of complications were consisted with perioperative infection (5 cases), subdural empyema (1 case), CSF leakage(1 case), hematoma (1 case), meningitis (3 cases), ophthalmic nerve injury (1 case),facial nerve injury (2 cases), T-M joint problem ( 2 cases), & enophthalmos ( 2cases). In conclusion, after performing the different skull base approaches, we analyzed several complications of the above procedures. We analyzed with the purpose of preventing complications in the next skull base approach.
Brain ; Empyema, Subdural ; Enophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hematoma ; Joints ; Meningitis ; Ophthalmic Nerve ; Osteotomy ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

BACKGROUND: Intracellular calcium overload is a common final feature of the ischemic-reperfused heart and mediates the genesis of irreversible cell damage. Reactive oxygen medabolites have been known to play and important role as toxic mediators in myocardial injuries resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. In order to investigate the mechanism of intracellular calcium accumulation in the ischemic-reperfused myocardium, the present study observed the possible contribution of the reactive oxygen metabolite to the calcium transport of cardiac mitochondria. METHODS: Mitochondrial were isolated from rabbit hearts. The effects of a reactive oxygen metabolite, H2O2 on calcium uptake and release, redox states of endogenous pyridine nucleotides and glutathiones of mitochondria respiring with succinate were observed. Calcium uptake and release were monitored by dual-wave length spectrophotometer using a calcium indicator, arsenaze III. Contents and redox states of pyridine nucleotides and glutathiones were measured by enzymatic methods using spectrofluorometer and HPLC. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide(10-500microM) promoted calcium release dose-dependently from CA++-preloaded mitochondria, but did not affect the mitochondrial calcium uptake. The H2O2-induced calcium release was accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of the pyridine nucleotides and decrease in the content of the reduced form of glutathione(GSH). When mitochondria were treated with BCNU(N,N=bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea) to inhibit glutathione reductase and so as to reduce the GSH content, there were no increase in calcium release from the mitochondria. These results may indicate that H2O2 increases the permeability of cardiac mitochondrial membrane to calcium in association with the changes in redox state of endogenous pyridine nucleotides, but not with that of glutathiones. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the reactive oxygen metabolites induce the release of calcium from mitochondria by altering the redox state of pyridine nucleotides, and it may partly be involved in the elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration in the ischemic-reperfused myocardial cells.
Calcium* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytosol ; Glutathione Reductase ; Heart ; Hydrogen ; Ischemia ; Mitochondria* ; Mitochondrial Membranes ; Myocardium ; Nucleotides ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen* ; Permeability ; Reperfusion ; Succinic Acid

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is caused by Pneumocystis carinii. It usually occurs in premature or debilitated infants. Recently sporadic cases of human disease in patients who have been on long term steroid therapy, cytotoxic drug therapy, immunosuppressive drug were significantly increased. We recently experienced 35 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants of an institution for foreign adoption in three epidemic period of Feb.1979, Mar. 1980, and Jan. 1980. The clinical review of 35 cases was made. Patients' age was between 1 to 4 months. Twenty-one cases (60%) occurred in 2-month-old infants. Many patients were included in poor weight gain and development. The common symptoms were tachypnea, cyanosis, restlessness, cough, diarrhea in order of frequency. The roentgenological findings were classified into three groups. normal finding, pulmonary emphysema only, and various forms of pneumonic infiltration. The roentgenological findings were somewhat characteristic. The most common finding (24 cases) showed streaky and mottled densities which began in both hill and were spreaded peripherally. The pneumonic infiltrations were spared peripheral lung, but progressed to total involvement. The prominence between alveolar and interstitial infiltration was almostly equal when patients were admitted. Nineteen cases (54%) showed pulmonary emphysema.
Cough ; Cyanosis ; Diarrhea ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Pneumocystis carinii ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; Tachypnea ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Ovary*

No abstract available.
Acne Vulgaris*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

Lawsonia intracellularis is not culturable with a standard bacteriologic culture. One step PCR assay as a clinical diagnostic method was developed for the rapid detection of porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE) caused by L. intracellularis. Primers were designed based on the p78 DNA clone of L. intracellularis. The one step PCR resulted in the formation of a specific 210-bp DNA product derived from L. intracellularis. The nonspecific amplification product was not detected with swine genomic DNA or other bacterial strains causing similar symptoms to L. intracellularis infection. The one step PCR was as sensitive as 100 pg of L. intracellularis genomic DNA. We applied this method to field specimens diagnosed as PPE by macroscopic observation. Of 17 mucosal scraping specimens, 16(94%) were identified as positive to PPE and 15(88%) of 17 feces specimens. These results suggest that the one step PCR can be used as a rapid diagnostic method for L. intracellularis infection.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections/diagnosis/*veterinary ; Ileum/microbiology/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/pathology ; Lawsonia Bacteria/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology

BACKGROUND: The severity of several chronic inflammatory diseases was reported to be associated with polymorphism of the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene(IL-lrn). OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to study the polymorphism of the IL-1rn in vitiligo and in the normal Korean population. METHODS: Thirty one cases of vitiligo and seventy nine normal Koreans as control were studied for the polymorphism of IL-1 rn. RESULTS: The frequency of allele 2 of the IL- I rn in 31 patients with vitiligo was compared with that of the 79 healthy controls. The frequency of allele 2 was 1.6% in vitiligo patients and 3.8% in the normal controls. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the frequency of allele 2 between the vitiligo patients and normal controls.
Alleles ; Humans ; Interleukin-1* ; Vitiligo*

Myofibrosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor that has been reported in only four well documented cases so far. We report a case of myofibrosarcoma of the breast in an 88-year-old man who complained of a palpable mass for 1 year. Microscopically, the tumor consisted mainly of spindled cells, arranged in irregular fascicles and embedded in broad bands of dense hyalinized collagen. It showed ill-defined border infiltrating the adjacent adipose tissue, moderate cellular pleomorphism, and high mitotic rate (8~9/10 HPF). Immunohistochemical study confirmed myofibroblastic differentiation of the tumor cells with diffuse strong reaction for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin.
Actins ; Adipose Tissue ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast* ; Collagen ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibroblasts ; Vimentin