Objectives: This study investigated the effect of an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human molars were trimmed at the occlusal dentin surfaces and divided mesiodistally. According to hemostatic agent application, specimens were randomly allocated into control (C) and hemostatic agent (Traxodent; H) groups. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the adhesive system (n = 20): Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBER), Clearfil SE Bond (CLSE), All-Bond Universal etch-and-rinse mode (ALER), and All-Bond Universal self-etch mode (ALSE). SBS was measured for half of the specimens at 24 hours, and the other half were thermocycled in water baths (group T).Fracture surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode. The SBS was measured, and data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance, the Student’s t-test, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test (p = 0.05). Results: No significant differences in SBS were found between groups C and H for any adhesive system at 24 hours. After thermocycling, a statistically significant difference was observed between CT+ALSE and HT+ALSE (p < 0.05). When All-Bond Universal was applied to hemostatic agent-contaminated dentin, the SBS of H+ALSE was significantly lower than that of H+ALER (p< 0.05). The SBER subgroups showed no significant differences in SBS regardless of treatment and thermocycling. Conclusions When exposed dentin was contaminated by an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent before dentin adhesive treatment, application of All-Bond Universal in etch-and-rinse mode was superior to self-etch mode.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) on enamel and to confirm remineralization capacity through quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Sixty non-carious human third molars were divided into eight groups based on remineralization agents agents (control, Tooth Mousse plusTM, Apapro, BGS-7 bioglass) and application time (24 h, 2 weeks). Enamel surfaces were prepared and treated with agents, followed by demineralization and remineralization. Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) assessed fluorescence loss and recovery. After adhesive application and composite restoration, shear bond strength (SBS) was measured. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t-tests, Wilcoxon rank tests, and multiple comparison tests. SBS values did not show a significant difference between the groups according to the type and application time of the remineralization agents. QLF measurement, in the 24 h groups, showed no significant difference in the recovery amount between the groups. In the 2 week groups, a statistically significant difference was observed and the value was significantly higher in the BG group than that in the control group. There were no significant differences in the values based on the application time. Within the limitations of this study, bioactive glass showed higher remineralization ability than all the other experimental agents. The SBS was not affected by the remineralizing agent.

Paraformaldehyde has been used in the past as a pulpotomy agent. However, it has a severe cytotoxic effect and may cause alveolar bone necrosis. Depulpin, a devitalizing agent containing 49% paraformaldehyde, is no longer used frequently due to its severe side effects. In the two cases described in the present study, Depulpin was used as a devitalizing agent during root canal treatment. It caused a gradual loss of sensibility in adjacent teeth, gingival necrosis, and osteomyelitis. This case report demonstrates the serious side effects of using a paraformaldehyde-containing paste as a devitalizing agent for pulp, particularly mandibular bone necrosis.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Necrosis* ; Osteomyelitis ; Pulpotomy ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple decontamination procedures for salivary contamination after curing of a universal adhesive on dentin bond strength according to its etch modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two extracted bovine incisors were trimmed by exposing the labial dentin surfaces and embedded in cylindrical molds. A universal adhesive (All-Bond Universal, Bisco) was used. The teeth were randomly divided into groups according to etch mode and decontamination procedure. The adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions for a given etch mode. With the exception of the control groups, the cured adhesive was contaminated with saliva for 20 sec. In the self-etch group, the teeth were divided into three groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive. In the etch-and-rinse group, the teeth were divided into four groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive. A composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) was used for filling and was cured on the treated surfaces. Shear bond strength was measured, and failure modes were evaluated. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variation and Tukey's HSD test. RESULTS: The etch-and-rinse subgroup that was decontaminated by rinse, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive showed a significantly higher bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: When salivary contamination occurs after curing of the universal adhesive, additional etching improves the bond strength to dentin.
Adhesives* ; Decontamination* ; Dentin* ; Fungi ; Incisor ; Saliva* ; Tooth

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) may be associated with massive blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. Intraoperative blood salvage autotransfusion (IBSA) can reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of blood salvage in LT. Methods: Among 355 adult patients who underwent elective living-donor LT between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, 59 recipients without advanced hepatocellular carcinoma received IBSA using Cell Saver (CS group). Based on sex, age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, preoperative laboratory results, and other factors, 118 of the 296 recipients who did not undergo IBSA were matched using propensity score (non-CS group). The primary outcome was the amount of intraoperative allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Comparisons were made between the two groups regarding the amount of other blood components transfused and postoperative laboratory findings. Results: The transfused allogeneic RBC for the CS group was significantly lower than that of the non-CS group (1,506.0 vs. 1,957.5 ml, P = 0.026). No significant differences in the transfused total fresh frozen plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, and estimated blood loss were observed between the two groups. The postoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion was significantly lower in the CS group than in the non-CS group (1,500.0 vs. 2,100.0 ml, P = 0.039). No significant differences in postoperative laboratory findings were observed at postoperative day 1 and discharge. Conclusions Using IBSA during LT can effectively reduce the need for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions without causing subsequent coagulopathy.