Objective To study the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of AKT(the Apnea Knowledge Test).Methods The AKT was tested in a sample of 91 middle aged and elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome and the AKT was retested in 30 of them after 1 month.Results Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.76.Retest correlation coefficient was 0.96.There was significant difference between test and retest.Item analysis indicated that there was significant difference in most items between higher scores group and lower one except the fourth item.Conclusions AKT has satisfying reliability and validity which is suitable for evaluation of sleep apnea knowledge.

By means of making analysis of the characteristics of the values of the undergraduates,this paper puts forward some views and methods on how to strengthen the guidance to their career planning,guide them to make correct self-analysis and professional analysis,establish clear career ideals and goals,culture all the occupational capacity required in order to enhance the competitiveness of the undergraduates and solve the employment problem.

This paper summarized the concept, diagnostic criteria, clinical treatment, outcome and the current issues faced of minimalconscious state.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of cryoablation combined with zoledronic acid sequential therapy for bone metastases pain. Methods Twenty-four patients from our depart-ment suffering from malignant tumors with moderate to severe pain due to bone metastases were enrolled in this study. Those patients with 28 metastatic bone tumors were successfully treated with cryoablation operations under CT-guided. Three days after cryoablation they were offered zoledronic acid(4 mg added in 100 ml normal saline,dripping for more than 15 min),once 4 weeks. Pain level and life quality were respectively evaluated by NRS(Numerical rating scale)and KPS(Karnofsky performance status),before cryoablation,3 days after cryoablation,2 weeks and 12 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy. Results Without serious compli-cations,all of 24 patients were successfully punctured to tumor lesions. Patients’pain scores were 7. 70 ± 0. 86 (before cryoablation),3. 29 ± 0. 95(3 d after cryoablation),2. 54 ± 0. 83(2 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy)and 2. 17 ± 0. 76(12 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy),with a significant sta-tistical difference between pretherapy and post-treatment(F = 530. 64,P < 0. 001);during observation period after treatment,the effective rate in pain was 91. 67% . KPS scores were 45. 83 ± 6. 54(before cryoablation), 49. 58 ± 6. 24(3 d after cryoablation),61. 67 ± 7. 01(2 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy)and 78. 33 ± 8. 68(12 weeks after zoledronic acid sequential therapy),with a significant statistical difference between pretherapy and post-treatment(F = 418. 99,P < 0. 001);during observation period after treatment, the effective rate in KPS was 75. 00% . Six months after the treatment,there were 10 cases of CR,11 cases of PR,and the effective rate was 87. 50% . Conclusion Cryoablation combined with zoledronic acid may be an effective therapeutic method with good safety in the treatment of patients with bone metastases pain.

Objective To explore the new methods to fill local temporal depression or augment superciliary with autotissue graft.Methods Applying upper eyebrow perdicled dermis -fat petal to fill the local temporal depression or augment superciliary, accompanied with eyebrow lifting.Results Augmentation superciliary arch plasty with upper eyebrow perdicled dermis-fat petal was performed in 5 patients. All 5 patients' superciliary arch showed good shape and accompanied with no complications. Filling of local depression of temporal with derma-fat flap was performed in 6 patients, with dermis-fat flap and prosthesis was performed in 8 patients. 2 cases had hematoma. Conclusion Upper eyebrow perdicled dermis-fat petal as a material being ultilized to augment superciliary or to fill local temporal depression has advantages of better localization and more natural shape.[

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of pleural needle biopsy ( PNB) in diagnosis of pleural disease and its safety. Methods Totally, 594 cases with established pleural effusion, who were undergone PNB at least once in the First Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu province from June 1989 to September 2002, were studied retrospectively and analyzed. Results Sensitivity of PNB was 74% (302/ 408) for tuberculous pleurisy and 70. 2% (113/161) for malignant pleurisy. No characteristic pathological changes were found in PNB for the other 25 patients with pleural effusion due to other causes ( SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, lymphoma, Castleman disease and Meigs syndrome) . Complications associated with PNB were pneumothorax (69. 0% ) , bleeding (31. 0% ) , fever ( 19. 0% ) and seeding of malignant cells (5. 0% ), and no special treatment was required for them, but one case of tension pneumothorax recovered uneventfully after 5 days of closed drainage. Conclusions PNB was a safe, simple and effective means of diagnosing tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion, and should be attempted extensively at grassroots hospitals. Seeding of malignant cells was uncommon, but should be kept in mind. Repetition of PNB could improve its sensitivity in diagnosis for malignant pleural effusion, with extremely few fatal complications.

Totally 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into sedentary group (G1, n =8), exercise group (G2, n =16) and exercise with drug group (G3, n =16). Animal models were established by treadmill training. At the last time for training, rats in the G2 and G3 were separately divided into control group (n =8) and exhausting exercise group (n =8). Rats in the G3 were orally injected with quercetin 50 mg/kg by intragastric administration everyday at 3 hours before training, and others in the G1 and G2 were fed with the same amount of saline by gavage. Hemoglobin (Hb) content, activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in exhausted rats. The results showed that quercetin could remarkably restrain the decrease of Hb content and the increase of activities of ALT, AST and LDH after exhausted exercise.

Objective To study the effects of 6-week aerobic treadmill exercise on the genes expression in skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice.Gene array was performed and the data was analyzed to evaluate the adaptive changes at gene level caused by exercise.Methods Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups:control group(C) and aerobic exercise group (E).The mice from group E were forced to run on treadmill for 6 weeks.After 6 weeks,all mice were fasted for 16 hours,and then sacrificed.Their flexor muscle was removed.4 samples from each group were analyzed with gene chips to dissect the differentially expressed genes between the two groups.Results Our results showed that 723 genes were differentially expressed in E group as compared with C group after the 6 weeks aerobic exercise,among which 510 genes were up-and 213 down-regulated.There were 6 differentially expressed calcium signaling genes and 2 ofwhich(Gnall and Pdgfra) were up-regulated,while the others(Phka1,Picd4,RYR1 and Ppid)were down regulated.

This study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor valibose in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes rat model. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (58 mg x kg(-1), ip) in SD rats, rats with elevated fasting blood glucose levels (250-450 mg x dL(-1)) were selected and divided into five groups (n = 10 in each). Another ten normal SD rats were chosen as normal group. Valibose mixed with the high sucrose diets (0.4, 1.0 and 2.5 mg 100 g(-1) diets) or acarbose (30 mg x 100 g(-1) diets) was administrated in the diabetic rats for about 5 weeks. In all groups, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, plasma lipids, glycosylated serum protein, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine sugar levels were determined during the treatment. At the end of the experiment, the morphological alterations in kidney were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. After 3-weeks administration, valibose significantly decreased postprandial and fasting blood glucose, urine glucose, and reduced the levels of serum fructosamine. Valibose also decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels after 4 weeks treatment. These results indicated that valibose ameliorated metabolic disturbance of glucose and lipids in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, valibose markedly reduced level of serum NAG and BUN, and decreased the weight index of kidney. HE staining showed reduced kidney pathological changes after valibose treatment. The findings of the present study indicate that valibose may be a novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for the prevention from hyperglycemia in STZ-induced type 1 diabetes rats. And valibose might have a potential role for protecting against diabetic nephropathy during hyperglycemia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the effect of unmethylated cytosine phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide ( CpG ODN ) 7909 on X-ray-induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis and the phosphorylation of ATM kinase.Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were randomly classified into five groups,control,CpG group,irradiation group,CpG + irradiation group and ATM siRNA + CpG + irradiation group.Cell survival fraction was evaluated by clonogenic assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.The expressions of ATM,checkpoint kinase-2(Chk2) and p53 were detected with Western blot.Results Compared to the situation under X-ray irradiation alone,decreased cell clonogenic survival,prolonged G2/M arrest,and increased cell apoptosis were observed after the combination treatment with CpG ODN7909 and X-rays ( t =13.41,17.32 and 7.71,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the phosphorylations on ATM,Chk2,and p53 were increased in the irradiated A549 cells that had been pre-treated with CpG ODN7909.After ATM siRNA interfering,abrogation of G2/M arrest,reduction of apoptosis,and decrease of Chk2 and p53 phosphorylation were found in A549 cells treated with CpG ODN7909 and X-rays ( t =26.84,2.98,47.24 and 67.47,P ＜0.05).Conclusions CpG ODN7909 can enhance the X-ray-induced phosphorylation of ATM kinase in human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro,which might be involved in regulating G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.