Objective: Flebogrif® is a new mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) technique for treating chronic venous disorders (CVD), with limited studies available. This study provides early clinical outcomes from its use in South Korea. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 55 patients treated with Flebogrif®at a Charm Vascular Clinic in Seoul. Mechanical injury combined with foam sclerosant (2% STS and CO 2 ) was applied to 113 saphenous veins. Primary outcomes were anatomical success at 1 and 3 months, with secondary outcomes included adverse events, pain scores, rVCSS score, CIVIQ14 score, time to return to normal activities and foam sclerosant dosages. Results: The anatomical success rate were analyzed as 97.3% at 1 month and 96.9% at 3 months. Adverse events were mild, with no occurrences of severe events such as paresthesia or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The mean time returned to normal activities was 1.07±0.42 days. Notably, Flebogrif® allowed treatment of multiple veins without increased risk, averaging a foam sclerosant volume of 15.85±5.71 cc per procedure. rVCSS and CIVIQ14 scores showed a statistically significant decrease from the initial scores. Conclusion Flebogrif® shows promise as an effective and safe treatment for CVD, achieving comparable results to other methods with potential cost benefits. Further studies are recommended for validation.

Flebogrif® is a new modality of mechanochemical ablation for incompetent saphenous vein treatment. With our experiences, it offers advantages such as reduced sclerosant dosage, shorter procedure times, lower catheter costs and in terms of closure rate as well. However, the potential for increased pain and thrombophlebitis due to more potent mechanical injury is apparent.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the level of knowledge, attitude and compliance of preventive behaviors of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) among nursing students. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 219 nursing students. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data collection was conducted from June 1st to June 30th 2015. The descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: The score of the MERS-related knowledge was 9.15 out of 13. The participants had a positive attitude toward the MERS. The level of MERS-related knowledge was high in the case of temporary school closure or break in clinical practice because of the clinical training in hospitals that MERS occurred (t=2.42, p=.016). The compliance level of the preventive behavior for MERS was high in female students (t=−2.11, p=.036), in the case of temporary school closure or break in clinical practice due to the clinical training in hospitals that MERS occurred (t=3.29, p=.001), and in students that had MERS-related education for prevention (t=2.80, p=.006). The MERS-related knowledge was positively correlated with the level of compliance for preventive behavior (r=.18, p=.009). CONCLUSION: To prevent MERS infection in nursing students, the level of knowledge on MERS should be enhanced so that they can practice preventive behaviors against it. Additionally, the MERS infection control education should include etiology and treatment products based on the MERS response guideline issued by the Centers for Korea Disease Control and Prevention.
Compliance ; Coronavirus Infections ; Data Collection ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Middle East ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify and assess from nursing students and nurses in the clinical field what constitute good instruction, through the review of nursing students' opinions and clinical field demands.METHODS: The study design was used Creswell's exploratory sequential design by collecting and analyzing qualitative data obtained from interviews and then analysis of quantitative data. The participations were 79 seniors in nursing schools and 85 nurses with less than three years of clinical experience. The data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed based on Elo and Kyngäs's content analysis method. The quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire developed based on qualitative results and analyzed by SPSS 23.0 program and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).RESULTS: The results showed that IPA extracted seven items with high importance but low satisfaction: “nursing fads and trends,” “teacher-learner communication and reflection,” “materials used in clinical settings such as monitoring results and test results,” “special presentations by experienced practitioners,” “instruction assures learners' comprehension,” “accurate and detailed evaluation standards” and “feedback on homework and exam.”CONCLUSION: The factors comprising good instruction were verified, and the necessity for additional efforts to improve high importance and low performance factors was noted. Therefore, this study can serve as a guide for nursing education facilities and educators in developing of a thorough education system with excellent instruction designed to achieve an ideal nursing education.
Education ; Education, Nursing ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss and affects both men and women. Male pattern hair loss shows characteristic frontal recession and vertex baldness, whereas female pattern hair loss produces diffuse alopecia over the mid-frontal scalp. AGA is mediated by increased androgen susceptibility in affected scalp hairs. 5α-Reductase converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen, in the scalp. Both androgen receptors and 5α-reductase have higher expression levels in the balding scalp than in non-affected regions. Increased androgen susceptibility induces hair follicle miniaturization, which leads to the progressive loss of thicker terminal hairs in the balding scalp. Currently, topical minoxidil and oral 5α-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride and dutasteride, are approved options for the pharmacological treatment of AGA. Topical minoxidil remains the mainstay of therapy for mild to moderate AGA in both men and women. The daily intake of 1-mg finasteride or 0.5-mg dutasteride shows better efficacy than topical minoxidil in regard to hair regrowth in male AGA. Anti-androgens can be used in female AGA wit clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Patients may be overwhelmed and confused by the variety of treatment options for AGA management, including over-the-count drugs with low evidence quality. Therefore, physicians must be aware of the current guidelines for the management of AGA based on evidence-based approaches to select better options for patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify and assess from nursing students and nurses in the clinical field what constitute good instruction, through the review of nursing students' opinions and clinical field demands. METHODS: The study design was used Creswell's exploratory sequential design by collecting and analyzing qualitative data obtained from interviews and then analysis of quantitative data. The participations were 79 seniors in nursing schools and 85 nurses with less than three years of clinical experience. The data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed based on Elo and Kyngäs's content analysis method. The quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire developed based on qualitative results and analyzed by SPSS 23.0 program and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). RESULTS: The results showed that IPA extracted seven items with high importance but low satisfaction: “nursing fads and trends,”“teacher-learner communication and reflection,”“materials used in clinical settings such as monitoring results and test results,”“special presentations by experienced practitioners,”“instruction assures learners' comprehension,”“accurate and detailed evaluation standards” and “feedback on homework and exam.” CONCLUSION The factors comprising good instruction were verified, and the necessity for additional efforts to improve high importance and low performance factors was noted. Therefore, this study can serve as a guide for nursing education facilities and educators in developing of a thorough education system with excellent instruction designed to achieve an ideal nursing education.

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human molars were trimmed at the occlusal dentin surfaces and divided mesiodistally. According to hemostatic agent application, specimens were randomly allocated into control (C) and hemostatic agent (Traxodent; H) groups. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the adhesive system (n = 20): Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBER), Clearfil SE Bond (CLSE), All-Bond Universal etch-and-rinse mode (ALER), and All-Bond Universal self-etch mode (ALSE). SBS was measured for half of the specimens at 24 hours, and the other half were thermocycled in water baths (group T).Fracture surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode. The SBS was measured, and data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance, the Student’s t-test, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test (p = 0.05). Results: No significant differences in SBS were found between groups C and H for any adhesive system at 24 hours. After thermocycling, a statistically significant difference was observed between CT+ALSE and HT+ALSE (p < 0.05). When All-Bond Universal was applied to hemostatic agent-contaminated dentin, the SBS of H+ALSE was significantly lower than that of H+ALER (p< 0.05). The SBER subgroups showed no significant differences in SBS regardless of treatment and thermocycling. Conclusions When exposed dentin was contaminated by an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent before dentin adhesive treatment, application of All-Bond Universal in etch-and-rinse mode was superior to self-etch mode.

Complications resulting from cancer therapy can significantly influence the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors, particularly regarding their respiratory system. Pilates interventions have been utilized to improve cancer-related complications in clinical settings, but the evidence has not been comprehensively reviewed to prescribe Pilates as an effective rehabilitation option to improve respiratory function in breast cancer survivors. A systematic search strategy was employed to identify relevant literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using specific keywords: Pilates, respiratory function, breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the effects of Pilates on respiratory function in breast cancer survivors providing a thorough overview of the specific benefits associated with Pilates within the context of breast cancer. Further, we address the unique challenges faced by breast cancer survivors when performing Pilates, as well as current knowledge gaps and future directions in the field of rehabilitation science. The primary features of Pilates include an emphasis on specialized breathing techniques in conjunction with core stability, strength, flexibility, and precise control over muscle movements and posture that can be relevant to the health of breast cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that Pilates appears as a promising rehabilitation strategy to counteract the adverse effects of cancer therapies on the respiratory system.

Paraquat is a nonselective herbicide, but its lethal and toxic effects are well known. Although its chemical additives have an unpleasant taste, this can be shrouded in spicy foods or drinks with strong tastes, and some symptoms and signs of paraquat poisoning can be mistaken as natural disease. For this reason, it is not easy to consider the possibility of homicidal paraquat poisoning for a clinician or even for a forensic pathologist. We present a case of homicidal poisoning by paraquat with significant forensic findings from postmortem examination and with a review of relevant literature.
Autopsy ; Forensic Pathology ; Homicide ; Paraquat* ; Poisoning*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methodological quality of nursing studies using structural equation modeling in Korea. METHODS: Databases of KISS, DBPIA, and National Assembly Library up to March 2014 were searched using the MeSH terms 'nursing', 'structure', 'model'. A total of 152 studies were screened. After removal of duplicates and non-relevant titles, 61 papers were read in full. RESULTS: Of the sixty-one articles retrieved, 14 studies were published between 1992 and 2000, 27, between 2001 and 2010, and 20, between 2011 and March 2014. The methodological quality of the review examined varied considerably. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that more rigorous research is necessary to address theoretical identification, two indicator rule, distribution of sample, treatment of missing values, mediator effect, discriminant validity, convergent validity, post hoc model modification, equivalent models issues, and alternative models issues should be undergone. Further research with robust consistent methodological study designs from model identification to model respecification is needed to improve the validity of the research.
Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nursing Research/*methods ; Publishing ; Republic of Korea