With the development of modern vitrectomy,some new ideas have been proposed concerning the treatment of Terson syndrome.Developed neurosurgery has offered more chances of survival to patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Terson syndrome,as the initial presentation,has gained more and more attention from ophthalmologists,though strict guidelines for its treatment have not yet been established.The paper reviews the progress in the clinical researches of Terson syndrome.

Objective Cataract surgery is also considered as a type of refractive surgery , but there is few research on the change of preoperative and postoperative ocular biometry measurements .The aim of the study was to compare the A-scan ultrasound biom-etry measurements before and after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation , followed by the analysis on its clinical signifi-cance . Methods Dynamic observation was conducted in 188 eyes of 155 cataract patients who received cataract operation from January 2011 to January 2013 in the department of ophthalmology in Nanjing Gernal Hospital .Measurements were made before surgery and 14 days after surgery by Ultrascan Digital 2000 contact ultraound A-scan (Alcon), including anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous cham-ber depth ( V) and axial length ( AL) .Simultaneously , a prospective comparison of measurements was made by A-scan ultrasound in sit-ting and decubitus position .Measurements were also conducted in preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure of the patients. Results visual acuity and intraocular pressure: The difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity [(0.17 ±0.19) vs (0.61 ±0.27)] and intraocular pressure [(15.09 ±8.50) mmHg vs (12.99 ±4.44) mmHg] was of statistical sig-nificance ( P<0.05) .ACD:The difference between peroperative and postoperative ACDs measured by A-scan ultrasound was of statisti-cal significance (P<0.05).No significant difference existed between ACDs in sitting and decubitus positions before and after the opera -tion (P>0.05).V:The difference between peroperative and postoperative Vs was of significant difference (P<0.05).No significant difference existed between Vs in sitting and decubitus position before the operation [(16.568 ±2.406) mm vs (16.524 ±5.544) mm,with intraocular lens implantation can get better operation result. In addition, different measuring positions have no influence on A-scan ultrasound measurements except the postoperative vitreous cavity depth .

Objective:To observe the clinic effectiveness of cryoretinopexy under light fiber illumination during vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: Twenty-two patients with complex retinal detachment underwent vitrectomy,fluid-air exchange,cryoretinopexy under light fiber illumination.Postoperative vitreous cavity tamponade was accomplished with silicone oil in 14 cases,perfluoropropane gas in 8 cases,8 cases combined with sclera encircling. Results: Postoperative follow-up ranged 3 months to 1 year,retinal tear or hole closed and retina reattached in 20 cases.The success rate of operation was 90.9%. Conclusion: Cryoretinopexy under light fiber illumination during vitreoretinal surgery positioning is easy and accurate and the effect is definite.

Objective: To observe the clinical results of eyeball double perforation caused by metal foreign body treated by virectomy. Methods: By clinical examination combined with orbital CT, 12 eyes in 12 cases were diagnosed as eyeball double perforation caused by metal foreign body, all these eyes underwent vitrectomy, endocoagulation, and C_3F_8 vitreous cavity tamponade. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years. Results: Nine eyes’ retina remained attached. 3 eyes with retina detachment and PVR were reoperated with vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade, and the retina reattached. Conclusion: Orbital CT is an accurate and sensitive method in diagnosing eyeball double perforation caused by metal foreign body, vitrectomy is an efficacious surgical method in the treatment of eyeball double perforation.

Obiective: To observe the changes in corneal tissue after seawater soaking following explosive injury in rabbits and the effects of seawater soaking on the healing of cornea after explosive injury. Methods:Make 20 similar explosive injury models of rabbit's eyeball using 10 adult grey rabbits. For each rabbit, the right eye was in experiment and the left one was for comparison. After the injury, the experimental eyes were soaked in seawater for 30 minutes and the comparable eyes were soaked in 0.9% sodium chloride injection for the same time. All eyes were underwent slit lamp examinations, fluorescein dyeing, and ultrasonic cornea thickness metering on the corneas before the injury and 1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,15 and 20 days after the injury respectively. At the same time, 2 rabbits were killed and the eyes were examined pathologically. The cornea thickness numbers were compared using self- comparison t test and grouping t test. Results: After seawater soaking following explosive injury, slit lamp microscope examination found that the corneas were edema and turbidity, the experimental eyes were stricter than the control eyes. The corneas of the experimental eye were vascularized 10 days after the injury. Fluorescein dyeing showed that more apparent pigmentations were found on the experimental eyes than that on the control ones.Comparative examination under the optical microscope showed that the corneal tissues of the experiment eyes changed distinctly, their inflammations were patency and healing was delayed and the vascularization degree became high after the injury. Cornea thickness of the experimental eyes became apparently thicker than that of the control eyes. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion:Scars and vascularization of various degrees will appear in corneal stroma after the explosive injuries. Seawater soaking will have bad effects on the healing of the cornea injured in explosions.

Objectives: To observe ultrastructural changes of the corneal endothelium and to assess the significance of the changes after irrigation and aspiration(I/A) of the anterior chamber in rabbits.　Methods: Corneal thickness and intraocular tension were measured and the ultrastructure of corneal endothelium was observed in scheduling times following I/A.　Results:Obvious injury of the membrane structure of corneal endothelium was viewed with scanning electron microscope 1 day after injury. Transmission electron microscope revealed marked swelling of the organelles, increasing vacuoles in the cytoplasm and swelling, denuding, dissolving of the cellular nuclei 3 days after injury. The lipoballs resulted from aggregation of lipid in the cellular membrane adhered to the defect region of endothelium 5 days after injury. Scanning electron microscope displayed marked sign of migration of the corneal endothelium 7 days following injury. The corneal endothelium was heteromorphic and the degeneration of the epithelium occurred. The corneal thickness gradually increased and directly related to the degree of the corneal muddiness. The corneal thickness increased and the injury of endothelium aggravated when intraocular tension increased. 　Conclusions:The results of ultrastructural examination indicated that destruction of the corneal endothelium following injury seems to be a consequential sequel. Dynamic corneal thickness measurement contributes to the judgement of degree of corneal endothelium injury. Control of intraocular tension is one of the important methods for preventing secondary injury of the corneal endothelium.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of refining temperatures and amounts of sheep's oil used in processing Epimedii Folium on Kedney-yang deficiency rats.

METHODThe corticosterone was subcutaneous injected to establish the kidney yang deficiency rat model. With the temperatures and amounts of sheep's oil were 250 degrees C/30%, 120 degrees C/30% and 120 degrees C/20% respectively, the crude drug and three kinds of pressed Epimedii Folium were extracted by water and used as examined samples while total flavonoid of Epimedii Folium was used as positive control. After examined samples and control samples were intragastirc administrated, the pharmacologic action was analyzed.

RESULTAs compared to crude drug, all of the aqueous extracts of processed Epimedii Folium have stronger effect of warming kidney and enhancing yang, especially the Epimedii Folium processed by sheep's oil with refining temperatures 120 degrees C and amounts of sheep's oil 30%. Its mechanism might be related to improving the insufficiency of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-thymus (HPAT) axis suppression.

CONCLUSIONThe refining temperature of sheep's oil can affect the quality of excipients and processed drugs. The results may be useful in explaining the mechanism of Epimedii Folium processing and establishment of pharmaceutical standard of sheep's oil used as processing excipients.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oils ; administration & dosage ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sheep ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective To analyze the correlation between P73 gene G4C14-to-A4T14 double nucleotide polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer in Guangdong population. Methods Genotype analysis of P73 gene polymorphism in peripheral blood of 642 patients with lung cancers (including 450 NSCLC patients and 192 SCLC patients) and 354 normal controls was performed with HRM method (high-resolution fusion curve). Results HRM genotyping results showed that the distribution of P73 genotypes in 450 NSCLC patients was as follows: GC/GC 280 (62.3%), GC/AT 155 (34.4%), and AT/AT 15 (3.3%). P73 genotypes in 192 SCLC patients were 118 GC/GC (61.5%), 67 GC/AT (34.9%) and 7 AT/AT (3.6%). The P73 genotypes of 354 normal controls were 192 GC/GC (53.1%), 136 GC/AT (38.5%), and 26 AT/AT (8.4%). AT/AT homozygous genotypes significantly reduced the risk of NSCLC (OR=0.393；95% CI:0.037-0.873；P=0.001) and SCLC (OR=0.428；95%CI:0.050-0.880；P<0.001) compared with non-carriers. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that the polymorphism of P73 G4C14-A4T14 may be a modification factor for the susceptibility of lung cancer in Guangdong province, and the increased GC content in the P73 gene may increase the risk of lung cancer.

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome