With the development of modern vitrectomy,some new ideas have been proposed concerning the treatment of Terson syndrome.Developed neurosurgery has offered more chances of survival to patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Terson syndrome,as the initial presentation,has gained more and more attention from ophthalmologists,though strict guidelines for its treatment have not yet been established.The paper reviews the progress in the clinical researches of Terson syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Flu mixture and establish its quality standard. METHODS: The methods of decoction- boiling and distillation were adopted to prepare the flu mixture; TLC was used to identify Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, and HPLC was used to determine the content of Artemisinin. RESULTS: The spots characteristic of Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Curcumae Longae. were clearly identified with TCL. A good linearity was seen of Artemisinin in the range of 0. 42～ 2. 10? g( r=0. 999 3) . The recovery rate was 99. 84% ( RSD=2. 15% ) . CONCLUSIONS: The preparation is simple in preparation technique and good in stability. The TLC method is highly exclusive. The HPLC method is simple, accurate, and can be used for the quality control of flu mixture.

Objective:To observe the clinic effectiveness of cryoretinopexy under light fiber illumination during vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: Twenty-two patients with complex retinal detachment underwent vitrectomy,fluid-air exchange,cryoretinopexy under light fiber illumination.Postoperative vitreous cavity tamponade was accomplished with silicone oil in 14 cases,perfluoropropane gas in 8 cases,8 cases combined with sclera encircling. Results: Postoperative follow-up ranged 3 months to 1 year,retinal tear or hole closed and retina reattached in 20 cases.The success rate of operation was 90.9%. Conclusion: Cryoretinopexy under light fiber illumination during vitreoretinal surgery positioning is easy and accurate and the effect is definite.

Objective:Iris-fixed IOL implantation is a new and effective therapy for phakic eyes. Because the patients are young,they know very few about the operation,which mandated delicate pre-and postoperative nursing. This article discussed how to nurse the patients receiving iris-fixed IOL implantation operation in phakic eyes for super high myopia. Methods:Fifty eight eyes of 30 patients with super-high myopia received iris-fixed IOL (Verisyse IOL) implantation. Pre-and postoperative nursing course were summarized. Results:Focused education through preoperative visits,active cooperation in the operation and meticulous postoperative nursery were beneficial for the operation. Significant vision improvement was found after surgery. Conclusion:The planned,step by step,focused nursing course can improve the effects of operation and reduce the postoperative complication.

Objective Cataract surgery is also considered as a type of refractive surgery , but there is few research on the change of preoperative and postoperative ocular biometry measurements .The aim of the study was to compare the A-scan ultrasound biom-etry measurements before and after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation , followed by the analysis on its clinical signifi-cance . Methods Dynamic observation was conducted in 188 eyes of 155 cataract patients who received cataract operation from January 2011 to January 2013 in the department of ophthalmology in Nanjing Gernal Hospital .Measurements were made before surgery and 14 days after surgery by Ultrascan Digital 2000 contact ultraound A-scan (Alcon), including anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous cham-ber depth ( V) and axial length ( AL) .Simultaneously , a prospective comparison of measurements was made by A-scan ultrasound in sit-ting and decubitus position .Measurements were also conducted in preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure of the patients. Results visual acuity and intraocular pressure: The difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity [(0.17 ±0.19) vs (0.61 ±0.27)] and intraocular pressure [(15.09 ±8.50) mmHg vs (12.99 ±4.44) mmHg] was of statistical sig-nificance ( P<0.05) .ACD:The difference between peroperative and postoperative ACDs measured by A-scan ultrasound was of statisti-cal significance (P<0.05).No significant difference existed between ACDs in sitting and decubitus positions before and after the opera -tion (P>0.05).V:The difference between peroperative and postoperative Vs was of significant difference (P<0.05).No significant difference existed between Vs in sitting and decubitus position before the operation [(16.568 ±2.406) mm vs (16.524 ±5.544) mm,with intraocular lens implantation can get better operation result. In addition, different measuring positions have no influence on A-scan ultrasound measurements except the postoperative vitreous cavity depth .

Objective: To observe the clinical results of eyeball double perforation caused by metal foreign body treated by virectomy. Methods: By clinical examination combined with orbital CT, 12 eyes in 12 cases were diagnosed as eyeball double perforation caused by metal foreign body, all these eyes underwent vitrectomy, endocoagulation, and C_3F_8 vitreous cavity tamponade. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years. Results: Nine eyes’ retina remained attached. 3 eyes with retina detachment and PVR were reoperated with vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade, and the retina reattached. Conclusion: Orbital CT is an accurate and sensitive method in diagnosing eyeball double perforation caused by metal foreign body, vitrectomy is an efficacious surgical method in the treatment of eyeball double perforation.

Obiective: To observe the changes in corneal tissue after seawater soaking following explosive injury in rabbits and the effects of seawater soaking on the healing of cornea after explosive injury. Methods:Make 20 similar explosive injury models of rabbit's eyeball using 10 adult grey rabbits. For each rabbit, the right eye was in experiment and the left one was for comparison. After the injury, the experimental eyes were soaked in seawater for 30 minutes and the comparable eyes were soaked in 0.9% sodium chloride injection for the same time. All eyes were underwent slit lamp examinations, fluorescein dyeing, and ultrasonic cornea thickness metering on the corneas before the injury and 1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,15 and 20 days after the injury respectively. At the same time, 2 rabbits were killed and the eyes were examined pathologically. The cornea thickness numbers were compared using self- comparison t test and grouping t test. Results: After seawater soaking following explosive injury, slit lamp microscope examination found that the corneas were edema and turbidity, the experimental eyes were stricter than the control eyes. The corneas of the experimental eye were vascularized 10 days after the injury. Fluorescein dyeing showed that more apparent pigmentations were found on the experimental eyes than that on the control ones.Comparative examination under the optical microscope showed that the corneal tissues of the experiment eyes changed distinctly, their inflammations were patency and healing was delayed and the vascularization degree became high after the injury. Cornea thickness of the experimental eyes became apparently thicker than that of the control eyes. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion:Scars and vascularization of various degrees will appear in corneal stroma after the explosive injuries. Seawater soaking will have bad effects on the healing of the cornea injured in explosions.

Objective: To investigate the ultrastructural pathogenesis of retina injury by observing the ultrastructural changes under the transmission electron microscope(TEM) after ocular blast injury in rabbits.Methods: Ocular blast injury models were set up in 20 rabbits by the bow wave produced with a bioshock tube.The rabbits were sacrificed at scheduled times after injury,their retinas obtained and their ultrastructural changes observed by TEM.Results: The axonal ultrastructural changes of the retina induced by blast were summarized as follows.The microfilaments and microtubules were swollen and distorted in the early stage,followed by reactive swelling of the ganglion cells.The swollen mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula focally accumulated and the cytoskeleton was destroyed.Finally the intraaxonal cellular structure disappeared and the axon disconnected.Conclusion: Ocular blast injury may cause retinal ultrastructural changes.The pathological changes of ganglion cells in the optic nerve may be associated with the direct effect of the blast and/or ischemia and are possibly important factors in the pathogenesis of vision disturbance.

Objectives: To observe ultrastructural changes of the corneal endothelium and to assess the significance of the changes after irrigation and aspiration(I/A) of the anterior chamber in rabbits.　Methods: Corneal thickness and intraocular tension were measured and the ultrastructure of corneal endothelium was observed in scheduling times following I/A.　Results:Obvious injury of the membrane structure of corneal endothelium was viewed with scanning electron microscope 1 day after injury. Transmission electron microscope revealed marked swelling of the organelles, increasing vacuoles in the cytoplasm and swelling, denuding, dissolving of the cellular nuclei 3 days after injury. The lipoballs resulted from aggregation of lipid in the cellular membrane adhered to the defect region of endothelium 5 days after injury. Scanning electron microscope displayed marked sign of migration of the corneal endothelium 7 days following injury. The corneal endothelium was heteromorphic and the degeneration of the epithelium occurred. The corneal thickness gradually increased and directly related to the degree of the corneal muddiness. The corneal thickness increased and the injury of endothelium aggravated when intraocular tension increased. 　Conclusions:The results of ultrastructural examination indicated that destruction of the corneal endothelium following injury seems to be a consequential sequel. Dynamic corneal thickness measurement contributes to the judgement of degree of corneal endothelium injury. Control of intraocular tension is one of the important methods for preventing secondary injury of the corneal endothelium.

Humans ; Mutation ; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/genetics*