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Objective To study the individualized dose of warfarin in treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. Methods Forty-one elderly in-patients with atrial fibrillation were recruited.Warfarin was used tO start anti-coagulation therapy with the target INR value 1.6-2.5.The data of demographic variables,concomitant diseases,medications and laboratory values were collected,then correlated these factors with the maintenance dose of warfarin. Results Warfarin dose requirements were significantly associated with age(r=-0.535,P＜0.01),sex(r=-0.494,P＜0.01),height (r=0.484,P＜0.01),weight(r=0.453,P＜0.01),body surface area(r=0.388,P＜0.05),concomitant use of a sulfonylurea medication(r=-0.446,P＜0.01)and serum albumin level(r=0.520,P＜0.01).The multivariate regression model includedthe variables of age,sex,serum albumin level and concomitant use of a sulfonylurea medication.This algorithm explained 65.4%of the variance in the maintenance dose of warfarin(R=0.808,R2=65.4%). Conclusions The warfarin dose in treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients can be estimated from demographic,clinical and laboratory factors that can be obtained at the time of warfarin initiation.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of different polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG)oral regimen on cleanliness of bowel preparation.Methods 280 patients received painness colonoscopy examination were randomly divided into A,B and C groups:group A which drank 1 L of PEG solution the day before colonoscopy and the rest 3 L in the morning at the day of colonoscopy;group B drank 2 L of PEG solution the day before colonoscopy and the rest 2 L in the morning at the day of colonoscopy;group C drank 4 L of PEG solution in the morning at the day of colonoscopy.Bowel cleanliness after taking the drug,stool frequency and adverse events before colonoscopy were observed.Results Group A had better bowel preparation compare with group B (P＜0.05),which was similar to that of group C(P＞0.05);But group A had lower incidence of abdominal distension(abdominal pain),nausea(vomiting) than group C(P＜0.05);and group B had worse sleep quality and more defecate frequency than the other two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Drink 1 L of PEG solution the day before colonoscopy and the rest 3 L in the morning at the day of colonoscopy provided a better quality preparation and with less adverse reaction,especially suitable for patients with poor quality of sleep,poor health and severe constipation.