No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Suicide/*statistics & numerical data

No abstract available.
Humans ; *Internet ; Suicide/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relations among appropriateness of work, competency on student suicide and attitude toward suicide in health teachers. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive one. The subjects were 193 health teachers. Self-administered questionnaires were used to measure the variables of this study. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS 9.3 software were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: The attitude score toward suicide ranged from 1.47 to −1.03. The average score of appropriateness of work and competency related to student suicide were 2.34 and 2.81 respectively. Associated factors with competency related to student suicide among health teacher were appropriateness of work related to student suicide, two items of attitude toward suicide(suicide is an acceptable means to end an incurable illness and people who commit suicide are usually mentally ill), education level, education experience on suicide prevention and management, and the adjusted R2 of the regression model was 34.3%. CONCLUSION: Health teachers were not tolerable to student suicide. However, they evaluated themselves as low in the appropriateness and competency to the work on student suicide, especially in screening and counselling of high risk groups. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop education programs about counseling and intervention on student suicide for health teachers.
Counseling ; Education ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicide*

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine whether depression, self-esteem, and social support influence suicidal ideation among college students. METHODS: Using a correlation study design, participants were recruited from two universities selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected from June 1, to August 31, 2014 from the 206 participants included in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS / Win 18.0. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between depression, self esteem, social support, and suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-.64, p<.001) and social support (r=-.45, p<.001), while, suicidal ideation showed a positive correlation with depression (r=.69, p<.001). The significant predictors related to suicidal ideation were depression, self-esteem, and social support. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that sensitively assessing depression in college students and efforts to reduce depression can reduce the risk of suicide. Self-esteem and social support of college students are also important resources for suicide prevention.
Depression* ; Humans ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the accuracy of reports of suicide in the national death registry systems and to estimate a more accurate suicide rate.

METHODSTwenty-three sites from the Disease Surveillance Points Network-one of the national death registry systems-were selected and 1 932 of the deaths that occurred at these sites from August 1995 through August 2000 in which the official cause was classified as "accidental" or "mental illness" were selected for detailed household surveys focusing on reassessing the cause of death. Valid interviews were completed in 1 653 of these cases. The original cause of death recorded on the death certificate was compared with the finding of the detailed household survey and the result was used to adjust the suicide rate.

RESULTSAfter detailed investigation, 16 of the 857 (1.87%) deaths reported on the death certificate as suicide were considered accidental deaths, 39 of the 721 (5.41%) accidental deaths were considered suicide, 17 of the 35 (48.57%) cases reported as undetermined accidents were considered suicide, and 6 of the 40 (15.00%) cases in which mental illness was the recorded cause of death were considered suicide. After adjustments for errors in the reported cause of death and for missing deaths, the reported crude suicide rate of 13.65/100 000 in China was adjusted to 22.99/100 000 (95% CI: 21.78/100 000 - 24.25/100 000).

CONCLUSIONAfter adjustments the actual suicide rate for China was higher than the reported rate indicating that suicide was an increasingly important public health problem for China.

PURPOSE: To identify the types and characteristics of subjective structures among nursing students toward individuals who attempt suicide. METHODS: A group of 32 third- and fourth-year nursing students with experience in clinical practice rated 35 Q-statements on a nine-point scale according to their opinion. Data analysis was conducted using the PC-Quanl program. RESULTS: Subjectivity among nursing students toward individuals who attempt suicide was analyzed for three types. Type 1 (social responsibility emphasis) subjectivity recognizes the social responsibility for suicide attempts and emphasizes the importance of social support systems as a preventive effort. Type 2 (rational reprimand) subjectivity emphasizes the willpower and effort to overcome challenges in life, because happiness and unhappiness are dependent on one's thoughts and will. Type 3 (situation acceptance) subjectivity regards the suicide attempt as an optional means to avoid a deeply strenuous, painful, and difficult situation. CONCLUSION: This study investigated the subjectivity of nursing students toward individuals who attempt suicide and to provide a better understanding of them. In addition, the development of training programs that take advantage of the subjective characteristics of individuals based on subjectivity types demonstrated in this study is expected to provide nursing students with useful educational materials for their future careers as nurses.
Education ; Happiness ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Social Responsibility ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing* ; Suicide* ; Suicide, Attempted

The suicide were analyzed depending only on the death scene and cadaver features but not on the psychological autopsy (PA) that also enables the determination of the manner of death in China for a long time. There are significant differences between PA and the traditional risk assessment of suicide. The goals of PA are to find out the features of individuality, the patterns of behavior and the possible motives of suicide. The methods of PA involve investigating, collecting and analyzing all related information of the deceased. There are many limitations of PA in application mainly due to the lack of the standard procedures. Although an improved procedure has recently developed by Berman, many problems need to be solved before the actual application of PA in China.
Autopsy/psychology* ; Cause of Death ; Data Collection/statistics & numerical data* ; Forensic Psychiatry/methods* ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data* ; Suicide Prevention

BACKGROUND: Although the suicide rate in Korea is the highest in the world, only limited studies have been done on suicide and its associated factors. In this regard, we studied a conceptual model and the relationships and interactions of activity of daily living (ADL), social support, depression, and suicidal ideation among elderly women in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study, subjects included 194 community-dwelling elderly women. Their ADL, multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), depression, and suicidal ideation (SI) were examined. The t-test, ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized in data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between SI and economic status, social support, and depression. Depression was correlated with not only SI but also ADL (r=0.195, P=0.006) and social support (r=-0.337, P<0.001). Absolute fit indices demonstrated that the research model had a good model fit. There were significant factor loading values from depression to SI (standardized estimate=0.157, P=0.023) and from social support to SI (standardized estimate=-0.308, P<0.001). There were two indirect effects from social support to SI and from ADL to SI. The mediating factor of these two indirect effects was depression. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation in the elderly needs to be prevented; and more attention should be given to this end. Social support programs encouraging family participation are greatly effective in prevention of senior citizens' suicidal ideation.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

PURPOSE: The average mortality rate for death by suicide among OECD countries is 12.8 per 100000, and 33.5 for Korea. The present study analyzed big data extracted from Google to identify factors related to searches on suicide in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Google search trends for the search words of suicide, stress, exercise, and drinking were obtained for 2004-2010. Analyzing data by month, the relationship between the actual number of suicides and search words per year was examined using multi-level models. RESULTS: Both suicide rates and Google searches on suicide in Korea increased since 2007. An unconditional slope model indicated stress and suicide-related searches were positively related. A conditional model showed that factors associated with suicide by year directly affected suicide-related searches. The interaction between stress-related searches and the actual number of suicides was significant. CONCLUSION: A positive relationship between stress- and suicide-related searches further confirmed that stress affects suicide. Taken together and viewed in context of the big data analysis, our results point to the need for a tailored prevention program. Real-time big data can be of use in indicating increases in suicidality when search words such as stress and suicide generate greater numbers of hits on portals and social network sites.
Humans ; *Internet ; Republic of Korea ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Suicide/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of first suicide attempt patients with self-poisoning with those of self-injured patients. METHODS: In this retrospective data analysis, data were collected from emergency department patients who made a first suicide attempt between October 2013 and January 2017. Data included demographic, socioeconomic, physical and mental health status, method of suicide attempt, and authenticity of suicide intent. Patients were classified into a self-poisoning and self-injury group. RESULTS: Among 2,252 patients, 788 patients were making their first suicide attempt. Of these patients, 443 were self-poisoning patients. Males were less common among the self-poisoning group. Cohabitants (303 [89.4%] vs. 193 [81.4%]; p=0.010), married state (214 [57.4%] vs. 108 [41.2%]; p<0.001), and asking for help after suicide attempt (136 [86.1%] vs. 103 [73.6%]; p=0.009) was more common in the self-poisoning group than the self-injury group. However, planned suicide attempt was more frequent in the self-injury group (26 [16.0%] vs. 9 [4.7%]; p=0.001). Moreover, authenticity of suicide intent was higher in the self-injury group (12 [11.3%] vs. 42 [40.4%]; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In the self-poisoning group, there was a higher rate of females, married people, existing cohabitants, and tendency to ask for help after suicide attempt. There were also more impulsive suicide attempts in this group. The results presented herein will help prevent self-poisoning suicide attempts among high risk patients.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Poisoning ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicide*