OBJECTIVE:To investigate the perioperative prophylactic utilization of antibiotics in cataract patients in ophthalmology department of our hospital.METHODS:100 cases of cataract surgery in 2009 were randomly collected from our hospital.Category of antibiotics,administration time point,medication time,wound healing and drug costs in hospitalization period were analyzed statistically and the rationality of above indexes was evaluated.RESULTS:100 cases all received prophylactic antimicrobials by local and systematic administration in the perioperative period(100%).Drugs for systematic administration contained Levofloxacin(n=67,67%),Cefuroxime sodium for injection(n=25,25%),Clindamycin phosphate injection(n=2,2%) and Ceftazidime for injection(n=6,6%).63 cases were only given drugs 30 min before operation(63%);12 cases were given medicine 30 min before operation and within 24 h after operation(12%);above situation accounted for 75%.25 cases were given medicine before operation and within 24 h after operation(25%),in which the average medication duration was 2.5 days and the longest was 4 days.CONCLUSION:The irrational use of drugs in our hospital manifests inappropriate selection and too long use of antibiotics after operation.The interference of perioperative prophylactic utilization of antibiotics should be reinforced and it is urgent to intensify consciousness of physicians about rational use of antibiotics in perioperative period.

Carcinoma ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Meningioma ; complications ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; complications

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy in treating thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.

METHODSFrom February 2009 to September 2012,11 patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were treated by single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy. There were 7 males and 4 females, aged from 27 to 65 years old with an average of 53.7 years. The courses of disease was from 3 months to 2 years with the mean of 9 months. According to ASIA standard of spinal cord injury, 3 cases were grade C and 8 cases D. After treatment, clinical effects were evaluated by ASIA grade, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); kyphosis Cobb angle change was observed by X-rays.

RESULTSEleven patients were followed up from 12 to 29 months with an average of 18 months. ASIA grade of spinal cord injury, 3 patients with grade C improved to grade D in 2 cases and grade E in 1 case 8 patients with grade D improved to grade E in 7 cases and unchanged in 1 case. VAS decreased from preoperative 6.10 ± 1.30 to 1.70 ± 0.80 at 3 d after operation (P < 0.05). ODI improved from preoperative (68.36 ± 10.41)% to (14.55 ± 8.99)% (P < 0.05) at 3 d after operation. Kyphotic Cobb angle was corrected from preoperative (22.64 ± 4.84)° to (4.27 ± 1.49)° (P < 0.05) on the 3rd day after operation, and angle loss was mild at final follow-up, there was no significant difference between postoperative at 3 d and final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSingle posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis can effectively remove the lesion, improve nerve function and correct deformity, has advantage of single incision, little trauma, and low recurrence rate. But it still need long-term and systemic treatment with anti-TB drugs.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate and analyze the perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in 118 hospitals in China.

METHODS3557 medical records (from September to December, 2006) of 118 hospitals were drawn out randomly. The perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents was investigated and analyzed.

RESULTSProphylactic antimicrobial agents were used in 3485 cases (98%). The first 3 kinds of antimicrobial agents most in use were cephalosporins of 3rd generation (1775/3485, 50.4%), 2nd generation (1191/3485, 34.2%) and fluoroquinolones (1120/3485, 34.1%). The average durations of antibiotic use were 7.4 d for class I (clean) wounds 7.6 d for class II (clean/contaminated) wounds and 10. 5 d for class III (contaminated) wounds. Only 30.4% of patients received antibiotics within 2 h prior operation, and 52.2% of patients did not received antibiotics until the operation was completed. There were no indications for prophylactic antibiotic use in 16.7% of cases. Combining use of antimicrobial agents were performed in 56.5% of cases, and 22.1% of them lack of reasonable indications.

CONCLUSIONSInappropriate use of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial agents is common and must be subjected to standardization.

Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; China ; Drug Utilization Review ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals, General ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Perioperative Care ; methods

The arrenotokous toxicity of triptolide was evaluated, and the rate of sperm abnormality, the changes of the lipid peroxide, the enzyme activity and the hormone in male rats were observed. With the negative and positive control group, the healthy rats were respectively given by gavage triptolide suspension at the dose of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mg x kg(-1) for 30 days. Then the rats were killed for the measurement of the indicators in testis and serum, as well as the study on the sperm abnormality. The results showed that the positive control group had significant difference, compared with the negative control group. The content of SOD, LDH, G-6-PD, Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca+ -Mg+ -ATPase decreased significantly in 0.05 mg x kg(-1) group, and reduced more obviously with exposure to the dose of 0.1 mg x kg(-1). The levels of GSH-Px and beta-G showed a significant decrease in the testis of rats only at the dose of 0.1 mg x kg(-1). Nevertheless, the MDA levels, the FSH levels and the LH levels showed no significant difference. The deformity rate of sperm increased significantly in 0.05 mg x kg(-1) group and 0.1 mg x kg(-1) group. The results indicated the triptolide had the effect of the lipid peroxidation to damage Spermatogenic cells, Sertolis cells and Leydig cells. At the same time, the triptolide interfered not only with the energy supply process of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis,but also with the energy utilization in testis by affecting the activities of testis marker enzymes, and produced a damage chain of the male reproductive system
Animals ; Diterpenes ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Epoxy Compounds ; toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Phenanthrenes ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Testis ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; toxicity

AIM To study the formation rules of baicalin-berberine complex.METHODS Under the conditions of different ratios of baicalin to berberine,heating methods and media (pH,ionic strength),the yield and composition of mixed decoction precipitation were determined by HPLC.RESULTS 0.5 g Baicalin and 1 g berberine produced the highest amount of precipitation.Higher heating temperature,nearly neutral pH (6.8) and glucose addition were beneficial to precipitate generation,in sharp contrast to NaCl addition.CONCLUSION The yield and composition of baicalin-berberine complex are mainly influenced by heating temperature and additives.

In order to study the constituents and pharmacology of Tripterygium plants (Tripterygium willfordii Hook.f), a variety of chromatography methods were used. Four compounds were isolated from Tripterygium plant and their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, HR-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D-NMR techniques. The isolated compounds were named as triptonide (1), neo-triptetraolide (2), 2alpha-hydroxytriptonide (3), and 15-hydroxytriptonide (4), separately. Compounds 3, 4 belong to new diterpenoids, which can inhibit the growth of K562 cells (leukemia cells) and HL60 cells (acute myeloid leukemia cells).
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo provide anatomic data for clinical use of reversed submental island flap in reconstruction of buccal and facial defects.

METHODSTwenty cadavers with 40 sides of head and neck which were fixed by formalin and perfused by red emulsion, 6 fresh cadavers which were perfused by coloring agent were dissected, observed and measured.

RESULTSThe diameter of the submental artery, the superior lip artery and the inferior lip artery at their origins were respectively (1.42 +/- 0.30) mm (x +/- s, same at below), (1.34 +/- 0.35) mm and (1.34 +/- 0.27) mm respectively. The realistic distance from the origin of inferior and superior lip arteries to the origin of submental artery were (50.13 +/- 13.79) mm and (92.09 8.73) mm, respectively. However, the straight distances from the origin of inferior and superior lip arteries to the origin of submental artery were (35.19 +/- 9.18) mm, (64.99 +/- 5.24) mm, respectively. There were rich anastomoses between both facial arteries, and the facial arteries also anastomosed richly with the ophthalmic artery and the superficial temporal artery. On the marginal mandibular plane, the facial vein ran closely with the artery, the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve crossed superficially to the facial blood vessels; superior to this plane, the vein ran 1 cm behind the artery. The buccal branches of the facial nerve crossed superficially to the facial vein and ran into the muscles behind or across the facial artery. The facial vein anastomosed richly with the ophthalmic vein and the maxillary vein.

CONCLUSIONThere is anatomic feasibility for the reconstruction of buccal and facial defects by using pedicled submental reversed island flap. The reversing point of the flap ought to be at the cheilion plane or inferiorly. Anatomy, regional

Adult ; Anatomy, Regional ; Carotid Artery, Common ; anatomy & histology ; Chin ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity on the developmental process of testes in pubertal rats.

METHODSEighty 21-day-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=32) and an experiment group (n=48), and fed respectively on a normal diet and a high-fat diet. And changes in the body weight, Lee's index, testis weight and epididymis weight were measured at the end of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th week after the treatment, that is, when the rats were 6, 7, 8 and 9 weeks old. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were determined by Access immunoassay system and the morphological alterations in testis development observed by HE staining.

RESULTSThe body weight of the high-fat group obviously increased at the end of the 3rd week (P < 0.05), 26.6% heavier than that of the control by the end of the 6th week (P < 0.01), and Lee's index was also obviously increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the controls, the testicular coefficient declined in the high-fat group at the end of the 5th and 6th week (P < 0.05), plasma TG and TC remarkably increased, the testosterone level obviously decreased (P < 0.05), estradiol concentration lowered at the end of the 3rd, 4th and 5th week but dramatically increased at the 9th, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). Microscope examination showed that spermatogenic epithelial cells were arranged in disorder, the spermatogenic cell layers reduced and the number of mature sperms reduced.

CONCLUSIONHigh-fat diet can induce nutritional obesity in pubertal rats, which in turn may lead to the underdevelopment of the testis and the abnormal level of gonadal hormones.

Animals ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Weight ; Diet Fads ; Epididymis ; growth & development ; pathology ; Male ; Obesity ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; growth & development ; pathology

BACKGROUNDCockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare human genetic disorder characterized by increased UV sensitivity, developmental abnormalities and premature aging. Cells isolated from individuals with CS have a defect in transcription-coupled DNA repair. Despite the repair defect, there is no any increased risk of spontaneous or UV-induced cancer for CS individuals. The strategy of RNA interfering was used here to explore the potential radiosensitizing and anticancer activity of targeting CS group B (CSB) gene.

METHODSThe vectors encoding CSB-specific siRNAs were constructed by inserting duplex siRNA encoding oligonucleotides into the plasmid P(silencer TM 3.1). The cell lines expressing the CSB-siRNA were generated from HeLa cells transfected with the above vectors. Colony-forming ability was used to assay cell survival. Cell cycle was analyzed by FACScan flow cytometry. The apoptosis was measured by detecting the accumulation of sub-G(1) population as well as by fluorescence staining assay. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to semi-quantify mRNA expression. Protein level was detected by Western blotting analysis.

RESULTSTwo constructs encoding CSB-specific siRNA were generated, both of them resulted in remarkable suppression on CSB expression in HeLa cells, and led to an increased sensitivity to (gamma-ray and UV light. siRNA-mediated silencing of CSB decreased cell proliferation rate, increased spontaneous apoptosis as well as the occurrence of UV- or cisplatin-induced apoptosis by 2 to 3.5 fold. A significant S phase blockage and a remarkable reduction of G(1) population were induced in control HeLa cells at 18 hours after being exposed to 10 J/m(2) of UV light. The S phase blockage was also observed in UV-irradiated CSB-siRNA transfected HeLa cells, but the extent of increased S phase population was lower than that in the UV-irradiated control cells. No or a relative weak reduction on G(1) phase population was observed in UV-irradiated CSB-siRNA transfected HeLa cells. In addition, siRNA-mediated silencing of CSB promoted the elimination of G(2)/M phase cells after UV light radiation.

CONCLUSIONSsiRNA-mediated silencing of CSB causes cells to proliferate more slowly, sensitize cells to genotoxicants, and modify UV radiation-induced cell cycle changes. siRNA-mediated inactivation of CSB could be an attractive strategy for ameliorating cancer therapy, which can be fulfilled via the combination of gene therapy and sensitization of radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cell Cycle ; radiation effects ; Cell Proliferation ; radiation effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Cockayne Syndrome ; genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; HeLa Cells ; radiation effects ; Humans ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Radiation Tolerance ; Ultraviolet Rays