Objective To compare the histological fates and the effects of autologous fat and fascia used as augmentative materials to treat unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Methods Vocal fold augmentation with autologous fat and fascia was performed on 2 dogs (group A) to cure glottic insufficiency caused by left vocal fold paralysis. Autologous fat and fascia 0.4 ml were injected respectively into left and right vocal folds of 9 dogs (group B). The dogs of group B were killed after 1,3 and 5 months and the dogs of group A were killed after 8 months. The histology of both substances and the effect of treatment were evaluated. Results Surviving autologous fat grafts was found in the canine vocal fold after 8 months, but the absorption was too rapid to maintain the bulk of grafts, the effect could last no more than 5 months. Autologous fascia also survived after 8 months, Conclusion The results showed that these two augmentative materials were both effective in the treatment of IJVFP. Autologous fat can only be used as short - term augmentative material. However, autologous fascia has a potential use for long - term application to correct glottic insufficiency caused by UVFP and other diseases.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect for percutaneous microwave ablation of type I substernal goiter under the guidance of ultrasound . Methods Thirteen patients with type I substernal goiter were selected . All patients underwent percutaneous microwave ablation treatment under the guidance of ultrasound . Thirteen patients with 47 medals nodules were performed ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation . Intraoperative heat blocking blood flow was used to prevent severe hemorrhage .Liquid isolation belt and leverage from methods were used to effectively prevent surrounding important structures against heat damage .Small amount of residual method was used to avoid tracheal collapse . All patients were followed up post‐operative 1 ,3 ,6 ,12 months by monitoring of thyroid nodule volume change , adverse reactions , and postoperative complications . Results Thirteen patients with 47 medals nodules were successfully performed percutaneous microwave ablation guided by ultrasound . Among them ,2 patients performed the second treatment for too large volume of goiter ,tracheal displacement and poor physical tolerance of older . The postoperative ultrasound contrast and color Doppler showed that the lesions were completely inactivated . No obvious complications occurred in all 13 patients , and no permanent hoarseness occured . The symptoms of cervical oppression and discomfort disappeared for all patients within 1-4 months after surgery . Thirteen patients were followed up for 12 months after the operation . The thyroid function was normal and the volume reduction rate of thyroid nodules was (85 ± 31)% . Conclusions Percutaneous microwave ablation of type I substernal goiter under ultrasonic guidance is a safe and effective method to reduce the thyroid nodules with no serious complications . It is worth to be popularized in clinical practice .

ObjectiveTo review the experience of video-assisted thoracoscopic resection for posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors,to investigate the technical features and difficulties of thoracoscopic approach.MethodsFrom May 2001 to June 2011,58 patients underwent thoracoscopic resection of posterior mediastinal tumors in our institution,including 36 males and 22 females.The average age of the patients was 38.7 years.The average tumor size was 4.9 cm.16 patients had neurogenic or pulmonary symptoms at the time of diagnosis,while the other 42 were asymptomic.24 lesions were located in the left side,33 lesions in the right side,1 lesion in bilateral sides.All procedures generally required 3 ports,and intracapsular enucleation was preferred,supplying vessels were ligated by hemoclips or Hem-o-lock clips; the nerves of origin were cut off at both edges of the tumor.For bulky tumor,dense adhesion,and massive bleeding,open conversions were performed by extending the incision anteriorly to 6-10 cm.ResultsAll procedures were successfully performed without death event occurring.The average operating time was 127.2 min.The average intraoperative blood loss was 206.4 ml.3 cases requied blood transfusion.The average chest tube duration was 2.72 days.The average postoperative stay was 5.19 days.53 procedures were performed entirely under thoracoscopy to achieve gross-total resection.Conversions to an open procedure were necessitated in 5 patients (8.6％).7 patients experienced post-operative complications,with 4 Horner syndromes.There were 25 neurilemomas,23 neurofibromas,8 ganglioneuromas,1 paraganglioma,and 1 malignant paraganglioma.No local recurrence was seen after an average follow-up of 44.9 months.ConclusionVideo-assisted thoracoscopic removes of the posterior mediastinal tumors are safe,reliable and minimally invasive for selected patients with mastered throcoscopic skills.intracapsular enucleation is a safe procedure with reduced risk,while tumors larger than 6cm and located in the apex are with increased risk.

ObjectiveSummarize 500 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has accepted complete videoassisted thoracoscopic (VATs) lobectomy procedure in People's Hospital of Peking University,to report the mid-term follow-up results,and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VATs lobectomy.MethodsBetween September 2006 and September 2011,500 cases of non-small cell lung cancer that has accepted complete thoracoscopic lobectomy in the People's Hospital of Peking University were reviewed (267 male,233 female).Median patient age was 62.3 years.The average maximal diameter of solid tumors was 2.65cm.There are 496 cases of initial treat patients and 4 cases of operation after radiation and chemotherapy.This group consisted of lobectomies of left upper lobe ( n =129),left lower lobe ( n =73 ),right upper lobe ( n =163 ),right middle lobe x( n =47 ),right lower lobe( n =89 ).The operation procedure was complete VATs lobectomy combined with systematic lymph node resection ( at least 3 groups of lymph nodes in the mediastinum area),including 480 cases of purely lobectomy,13 cases of compound lobectomy (pulmonary lobe + pulmonary lobe,or pulmonary lobe + pulmonary segment),3 cases of segmentomy,2 cases of pneumonectomy,1 case of sleeve lobectomy and 1 case of bilateral lobectomy.ResultsAll procedures were carried out smoothly without serious complication,except 1 case of death of an advanced age patient due to multi-organ failure after the operation period.The average surgical duration was 198.1 min,and average blood loss was 214.6ml.There are 5 cases of postoperative hemorrhage,identified as pulmonary artery residual ooze blood,in which 4 cases of bleeding were stopped through re-operation,and 1 case was improved through conservative treatment.The median lymph nodes dissection was 5.7 group and median number of resected lymph nodes was 16.9.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was 7.8 day,and median postoperative hospital stay was 10.2 day.There were 45 cases (9.0％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 87 cases ( 17.4％ ) of slight complications,including 32 cases of cardiac abnormalities,such as continuous arrhythmia,28 cases of air leakage beyond seven days,9 cases of pulmonary infections or atelectasis,6 cases of chylothorax,and 16 cases of other complications.The results of pathology show 363 cases of adenocarcinoma,85 cases of squamous carcinoma,12 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma,28 broncho-alveolar cell carcinoma,6 cases of large cell lung cancer and 6 cases of other lung cancer.The 1-year disease free survival (DFS) was 90.2％ and 1-year overall survival (OS) was 94.3％.The 3-year DFS was 76.4％ and 3-year OS was 81.3％.ConclusionCompletely video-assisted Thoracoscopic lobectomy procedure was a safe and effctive procedure for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

In nature, honeybees are the most important pollinators. They play a vital role in both protecting the diversity of natural ecosystems, and maintaining the yield-improving effects of agroecosystems. But in recent years, epidemic disease in bees has caused huge losses. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is a bee pathogen that was first reported in 1955. It mainly infects bee larvae and pupae, making their bodies turn dark and black, and causing a massive decrease in the bee population. More specifically, the virus makes the exterior of the cell walls in the larvae and pupae turn black. BQCV is a seasonal epidemic, spread by means horizontal and vertical transmission, and is often unapparent. BQCV not only infects a variety of bee species, but also spiders, centipedes and other arthropods. It can also be coinfected with other honeybee viruses. In recent years, research has shown that the Nosema intestinal parasite plays an important role in BQCV transmission and bees carrying Nosema that become infected with BQCV have increased mortality. Here we summarize current research on the incidence, prevalence, geographical distribution and transmission of BQCV.
Animals ; Bees ; virology ; Dicistroviridae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Insect Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology

Honeybee pupae were collected from Jilin apiaries and RNA was extracted for use as a tefnplate for amplification. Based on the complete genome sequences of black queen cell virus (BQCV) published on GenBank, we designed 10 pairs of primers to amplify genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using this approach, we have obtained the first complete genome sequence of a BQCV isolate in China. The genome of the isolated strain, named BQCV-JL1, is composed of 8358 nucleotides and shares between 86% and 93% homology with the complete genome sequences of the other six BQCV strains published on GenBank. ORF 1 of BQCV-JL1 is positioned between nucleot ides (nt) 546 and 4676 (4131 nt), while ORF 2 is located between nt 5750 and 8203. Between the two ORFs of BQCV-JL1 there is a short ORF, called ORF 3, between nt 4891 and 5433 (543 nt). The first functional gene ex- pression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is positioned between nt 546 and 5 429, encompassing both ORF 1 and ORF 3. There is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located before ORF 2, the last three bases of which are CCU (nt 5642-5644). These bases act as an initiation.codon facilitating the translation of ORF 2. The second functional gene expression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is located between nt positions 5642 and 8203. The BQCV-JL1 strain was found to share high sequence identity (93%) with the Hungary 10 genotype at the whole-genome level and analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the BQCV-JL1 strain also shows close genetic relationships with the South Korea strain, suggesting that both the BQCV-JL1 and South Korea strains may have migrated from European countries. BQCV-JL1 strain was different from the other 6 strains in dividing the nucleotides positions of QRF, which vqs because of the gene mutation.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bees ; China ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Objective To analysis the clinical radiologic features of intrapulmonary lymph nodes,and to improve the diagnostic rate of intrapulmonary lymph nodes.Methods From May 2008 to September 2011,16 cases of pulmonary nodules were proved pathologically as intrapulmonary lymph nodes,including 9 males and 7 females,with an average age of 58.2 years (39-73 years).All patients accepted chest X-ray and HR CT scan prior to operation,identified of 11 solitary nodules,3 multiple nodules,and other 2 cases of multiple nodules with synchronous ipsilateral lung cancer.We retrospectively review the data as follows:the population and clinical characters,the subjective imaging diagnosis,the imaging characters of the nodule location,size,texture,shape,border,distance from the nearest pleural surface,and the appearance of the surrounding pulmonary parenchyma et al.Results Clinically,six of all the 16 patients are or were cigarette smokers or had an exposure history of inhaled particles,three patients else were all from a same oilfield area although they denied having the Aforementioned history of smoke or exposure.Lung cancer,metastatic tumor,lung cancer intrapulmonary metastasis were the common subjective imaging diagnosis,with a misdiagnosis rate of 56.3％.Radiologically,these intrapulmonary nodules could be seen in the chest X-ray in half of the 16 patients,with a discovery rate of 50％ in chest X- ray screening.The median size of the intrapulmonary lymph nodes was 7.1 mm (4 - 11 mm),all nodules located below the level of the carina,87.5％ ( 14/16 cases) were solid nodules,68.75％ ( 11/16 cases) were round or ovate in shape with a sharp border.87.5％ ( 14/16 cases) were attached to the pleura or within 1 cm from the nearest pleural surface,87.5％ ( 14/16 cases) appeared linear densities extending from the intrapulmonary lymph nodes.The linear denshy referred to the CT imaging feature that a linear soft-tissue density extended from the intrapulmonary lymph nodes,distinct from the normal lung marking like interlobular septa and bronchovascular bundles,with a diameter less than 5 mm; spiculation were detected in only 2 of the 16 patients ; no calcification and mediestinal lymphadenopathy was detect in all the nodules.Pathologically,All nodules contained anthracotic pigment,and follicular hyperplasia were seen in 8 cases.Conclusion Intrapulmonary lymph nodes are rare benign pulmonary nodules possessing certain clinical and radiologic features.Intrapulmonary lymph nodes should be suspected for small subpleural nodules below the level of the carina.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To evaluate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for CT-positive mediastinal lymph nodes. Methods From September 2009 to December 2009, 28 patients with confirmed or suspected non-small-cell lung cancer with CT scan demonstrating enlarged ( ≥ 1 cm) mediastinal lymph nodes underwent EBUS-TBNA. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were evaluated. Results 28 patients with 40 lymph nodes were studied. 27 patients had been performed successfully with enough specimens. No complications happened in the group. Mediastinal metastases were confirmed by EBUS-TBNA in 20 patients. 8 patients with benign mediastinal nodes as detected by EBUS-TBNA underwent surgery and mediastinal lymph node dissection, which confirmed N2 disease in 2 patients. Overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA in the detection of mediastinal metastasis were 92.9%, 90.9%,100%, 100%, 75% respectively. Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is a safe and effective technique for CT-positive mediastinal lymph nodes on CT scan.

Objective To evaluate the long term effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasth,enia gravis and the influence of concomitant thymoma.Methods 47 cases of myasthenia gravis were retrospectively reviewed who had received video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy from Apr.2001 through Oct.2009.The patients were separated to two groups with or without thymoma.Influence of oncologic factors was carefully studied.Results There were 20 males and 27 females with a mean age of 36.6 yrs.According to the typing system of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America ( MGFA),the patients belonged to type Ⅰ 18 cases,type Ⅱ a 14 cases,type Ⅱ b 14 cases,and Ⅲa 1 case.22 patients were in the group with thymoma,and the other 25 in the group without thymoma.Until the deadline of follow-up time of Jun.2011,only two cases in non-thymomatous group were lost.Follow-up time was 20 to 122 months,mean 57 months.The complete stable remission rate(CSR),pharmacologic remission(PR),minimal manifestations(MM),worse(W),exacerbation(E) and died of myasthenia gravis(D) in non-thymomatous group were 78.3％,13.0％,4.3％,0,0 and 4.3％.In thymomatous group the values were 50.0％,22.7％,13.6％,4.5％,9.1％ and 0.Conclusion Video-assisted thoarcoscopic thymectomy has a satisfactory long term effect for myasthenia gravis.Thymomatous group has no different in overall effectiveness with that of non-thymomatous group although a probably lower complete stable remission rate is prompted.