Objective To investigate the implications of gene expression pattern of pancreatic endocrine differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) in vitro.Methods Mouse ES cell line ES W9.5 was cultured and differentiated into pancreatic endoerine progenitor cells by using the stepwise differentiation strategy in vitro,then stage specific genes expression were tested by RT-PCR and immnunoeytochemistry.The Illumina Mouse Ref-8 vl.1 Expression BeadChips were used to compare the changes in the transcriptome of mES-derived differentiated cells on day4,8,15,20,22,25 after differentiation to undifferentiated mES cells.Results A total 86 differentially expressed genes,both up- and down-regulated,were found during the whole differentiation stage,6 gene clusters with the same developing patterns and differentially expressed genes in 6 groups were collected.By number,the most differentially expressed genes corresponded to posterior foregut stage( 201 genes) followed by definitive endoderm stage ( 17 genes).Conclusions The analysis of the genes with the same developing pattern and differentially expressed genes at each differentiation stage during pancreas development by microarray analysis provides some evidences of early embryonic and pancreatic development.

Objective To report the technique of functional reconstruction for knee joint following destructive injury and its outcome. Methods In the period from June 1991 to April 2001, microsurgery was done for 4 cases to reconstruct functions of the damaged knees. The operations were combined with transplantation of bilateral latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, emergency transplantation of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, emergency transplantation of useless leg composite tissue and emergency rotation- plasty, respectively. Results All the transplants survived completely. The follow- ups, ranging from 4 to 14 years, revealed normal or nearly normal functions in all the repaired knees. Conclusion Whenever possible, a knee with destructive injury should be repaired and reconstructed, and microsurgery may offer an effective solution.

0.05).Patients with mucitis of the study group and the control group were 0 and 7.The difference in statistics analysis was significant(P

Purpose To explore the role of cell blocks combined with immunohistochemical examination in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion,and to explore the role of pleural effusion cell blocks in lung adenocarcinoma molecular pathology examination.Methods 142 cases of malignant pleural effusion based cytology,cell blocks of HE staining and immunohistochemical staining by EnVision twostep were retrospectively analysed,the tumor classification was made through analyzing the characteristics of the cells combined with antibody expression.The detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation of 40 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed after immunohistochemical staining were used by ARMS-PCR method.Results Among 142 cases of malignant pleural effusion,there were 99 cases caused by lung adenocarcinoma,4 cases of lung small cell carcinoma,3 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma,13 cases of breast carcinoma,9 cases of ovarian carcinoma,2 cases of gastric carcinoma,1 case of thyroid carcinoma,1 case of endometrial carcinoma,5 cases of mesothelioma,3 cases of lymphoma,1 case of malignant melanoma,1 case of synovial sarcoma.In 40 cases of lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion cell block,there were 20 cases with EGFR mutations,9 cases of 19del mutations and 11 cases L858R mutations.Conclusion The pleural effusion cell blocks combined immunohistochemistry are useful to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of patients with pleural effusion,and helpful for the determination of classification and the primary site of tumor,assessment of prognosis.Pleural dffusion cell block may used to detect EGFR mutations of lung adenocarcinoma,which provide new source of specimen for the gene detection of lung adenocarcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of panax quinquefolium 20s-protopanaxtriol saponins (PQTS) on ventricular remodeling in rats with pressure overloaded hypertrophic myocardium.Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into operation,model,positive captopril,and low,moderate,high PQTS groups.The model of pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling was established through the method of rat's abdominal aorta deligation.After 6 weeks of PQTS treatment ( 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 mg · kg-1 · d-1,i.p),myocardial morphological and hemodynamic parameters were determined.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)in serum,and the concentrations of prostacycline (PGI2),thromboxane A2 (TXA2),endothelium (ET) and angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ ) in plasma were also determined.ResultsCompared with remodeling group,PQTS could inhibit myocardial pathological changes,decrease significantly ventricular weight and cardiac coefficient,increase significantly systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximum left ventricular pressure rising and dropping rates(dp/dtmax),reduce the heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in ventricular remodeling rats.PQTS could also decrease the content of MDA and enhance significantly activity of SOD in serum.In addition,PQTS could decline the contents of ET,Ang Ⅱ and TXA2 in plasma while increase significantly the content of PGI2 in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).ConclusionsPQTS has protective effects on ventricular remodeling through improving systolic and diastolic function in ventricular remodeling rats,increasing anti-oxidase activity,reducing the damage of free radicals and vasoactive substance onmyocardium,and correcting disequilibrium of PGI2/TXA2 in ventricular remodeling rats.

Objective To explore multi-causes and therapy of massive hemothorax after thoracic operation.Methods Sixty-six patients suffered from massive hemothorax after thoracic operation.All of them were executed conservative treatments for postoperative hemothorax.The noneffeetive cases were executed re-exploration.The relationship of area of residual cavity,fluctuation of intrapleural pressure and volume of hemothorax were analyzed between lobectomy in 30 eases and wedge,segmental or no excision of lung in 24 cases in 24 h postoperation.Results Thirty-two of 66 cases being executed conservative treatments were suteessful,2 cases were dead,while 32 cases were executed re-exploration,and 29 of them were cured.but 1 case of them dead,and 2 cases suffered from bronchial fistula,who were cured by thoracoplasty.The operations of wedge,segmental or no excision of lung in 24 cases were compared with lobectomy in 30 cases.It Was proved that the former had the smaller area of residual cavity,the lower intrapleural pressure.and the less volume of hemothorax(P＜0.05).Conclusions The multiplicity analysis of massive hemothorax after thoracic operation are flucmafion of intrapleural pressure after operation,intracavitary suction with negative pressure,rise of pressure in microcirculation at wound,abnormality of blood coagulation function and so on.It can reduce complications that proper therapy is timely performed,and even avoid of re-exploration.

Objective Ultrasonongraphy and mammography were employed to estimate the pathological response of patients with breast cancer ,who had been accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy .According to the pres-ent study ,we can provide additional evidence on therapeutic effect on evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and better selection of regime for breast cancer .Methods One hundred Thirty-six patients who were previously dia-gosed diagnosed with primary breast cancer were included in this study .All subjects were female with clearly pathological detection and accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy about 4 to 6 cycles regardless of regime .The resid-ual tumor size was evaluated by mammography and /or ultrasonography before operation .Tumor size measured by image were compared with pathological size to predicting the accuracy of two types of imaging .Results Forty one of 116 records were undetectable imaging by mammogram and 19 of 106 records were undetectable by ultrasound which were considered a pathologic complete response .Sixty one(62.24%)of 98 patients who were accepted de-tection of mammogram and ultrasound would be predicted the tumor size by mammogram .Eighty three(84.69%) of 98 patients would be predicted the residual tumor by ultrasound .31 and 59 were accurately evaluated by mam-mogram and ultrasound , respectively .The result indicated that ultrasound was more accurate than mammogram (60.20%vs.31.63%,χ2 =16.11,P<0.001).The correctly rate was 92.85%(91/98)for ultrasound and 68. 37%(67/98) for mammogram.The diagnosis efficiency of ultrasound was more higher than mammogram ,even though there was no different significance between the two methods (χ2 =2.028,P=0.164).Conclusion Ultra-sonongraphy in estimating the residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of patients with breast cancer displays more accurately than mammography .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shuanghuanglian injection in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD),and to observe its effects on the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)and interleukin-6(IL-6). METHODS:A total of 100 AECOPD patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group. Control group received routine treatment,such as controlled oxygen therapy,intravenous dripping of moxifloxacin,bronchodilator for relieving asthma,mucolytic for eliminating phlegm,nu-tritional support. Observation group was additionally given Shuanghuanglian injection 1 ml/(kg·d)added into 5% Glucose injec-tion 250 ml intravenously,qd,on the basis of control group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 10 d. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were compared as well as the changes of serum levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6 before and after treatment and the occur-rence of ADR. RESULTS:After treatment,total effective rate of observation group was 96.0%,which was significantly higher than 82.0% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in se-rum levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6 between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,serum levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6 were de-creased significantly in 2 groups,and those of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statis-tical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:Shuanghuanglian injection can effectively improve serum inflammatory factors of AECOPD patients,and shows good clinical efficacy and safety.

Bitter taste receptors (BTRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptors, which included 25 subtypes. BTRs, which were distributed in the oral cavity, mediated the bitter taste of mammalian. Furthermore, BTRs were also existed in the extra-oral digestive system such as the stomach and intestine to influence the digestion, absorption and energy regulation. It also can relax airway smooth muscles in the respiratory system and decrease blood pressure in the cardiovascular system. While being strikingly conformed to the latest advancements of BTRs, the efficacy of bitter taste property of Chinese materia medica (CMM) such as“excretion”,“dryness” and“strengthening” have been used in ancient theories of property and flavor in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in the treatment of multisystem diseases such as digestive, endocrine, respiratory and cardiovascular system. Therefore, applying modern techniques and new methods in the interpretation of the scientific connotation of bitter taste property of CMM based on BTRs should be a feasible way and a new research pattern. It played an important role in the enriching of the property theory in CMM, as well as enhancing the modernization and objectivization of CMM.

Purpose To investigate the clinical and pathological features of amyloid nephropathy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 31 cases of amyloidosis nephropathy. The clinical data and pathologic features of kidney biopsy were analyzed. Re-sults 31 cases of amyloid degeneration accounted for 1. 19% (31/2 603) in all patients of kidney biopsy in the same period. 15 pa-tients were female, and 16 males. Patients’ age ranged from 36 to 77 years old, with mean age of (61. 28 ± 10. 95) years. Clinical staging showed that simple proteinuria were 4 cases (12. 90%), nephrotic syndrome, 21 cases (67. 74%), and renal failure, 6 cases (19. 35%). Under microscope, amyloid deposits were observed in the glomerular mesangial area, capillary basement membrane and small arteries, and those also deposited between renal interstitial and tubular basement membrane in severe cases. Potassium permanga-nate oxidation Congo red staining showed that AL type were 27 cases and AA 4 cases. Immunofluorescence study in some cases showed some degree of weak immunoglobulin and complement deposition, but some cases were negative. Immunohistochemical staining showed different expression of immunoglobulin light chain κ and λ light chains. Under electron microscope, amyloid fibrils were noted in the mesangial area and capillary walls. Conclusion Amyloidosis nephropathy occurs in middle-aged patients with kidney disease, some-times lack of specific clinical manifestations. Renal biopsy is the only approach to confirm the diagnosis. For suspicious patients, renal biopsy should be done as early as possible.