OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the current status and to suggest future directions for health management of teenagers who use healthy school tuck shops to improve teenagers' eating habits while reducing and preventing obesity. METHODS: A total of 29 students (16 middle school students and 13 high school students) took part in the interview for this study, and the interview was conducted for each school's focus group by using qualitative research methodology. RESULTS: The current status of using healthy school tuck shops and suggested future directions were divided into two categories. Personal barriers such as discrepancies between personal perceptions and behaviors and lack of food choice suitable to individual tastes can be solved by rebuilding the operating system to provide intuitive promotion of behavior and customized products through improvements in existing products and new product development. A lack of consistent management from low utilization convenience and difficulty in maintaining a constant purchase price can be handled by establishing a solution to restricted physical access for products, as well as seeking profit by improving distribution costs via continuous cooperation between the school and community. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous funding and a system that reflects the needs and preferences of healthy school tuck shop users should be applied for sustainable operation of healthy school tuck shops to improve teenagers' eating habits.
Adolescent ; Eating ; Financial Management ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Obesity ; Qualitative Research

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the current status and to suggest future directions for health management of teenagers who use healthy school tuck shops to improve teenagers' eating habits while reducing and preventing obesity. METHODS: A total of 29 students (16 middle school students and 13 high school students) took part in the interview for this study, and the interview was conducted for each school's focus group by using qualitative research methodology. RESULTS: The current status of using healthy school tuck shops and suggested future directions were divided into two categories. Personal barriers such as discrepancies between personal perceptions and behaviors and lack of food choice suitable to individual tastes can be solved by rebuilding the operating system to provide intuitive promotion of behavior and customized products through improvements in existing products and new product development. A lack of consistent management from low utilization convenience and difficulty in maintaining a constant purchase price can be handled by establishing a solution to restricted physical access for products, as well as seeking profit by improving distribution costs via continuous cooperation between the school and community. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous funding and a system that reflects the needs and preferences of healthy school tuck shop users should be applied for sustainable operation of healthy school tuck shops to improve teenagers' eating habits.
Adolescent ; Eating ; Financial Management ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Obesity ; Qualitative Research

We compared the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae between the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 era and post-PCV13 era among homogenous inhabitants of an isolated South Korean island. A total of 325 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated. In the pre-PCV13 era, 19A/F, 15A/F, 19B, and 23A serotypes were identified. In the post-PCV13 era, 15 serotypes were identified. The 19F and 23A serotypes showed the highest prevalence in the pre- and post-PCV13 era, respectively. After PCV13 introduction, the PCV 13 serotype coverage rate was decreased (80.0% and 30.5% in the pre- and post-PCV13 eras, respectively), while the proportion of non-PCV 13 serotypes increased.

A 53-year-old male presented with a 6-year duration of a child's-palm sized hypopigmented patch located on his neck. He had a history of surgical excision of an epidermal cyst on the neck, and the hypopigmented patch developed about one month after the excision next to the surgery site. Application of cold or heat did not make the lesion distinct from the surrounding skin. Pressure on the lesion by a glass slide made the lesion indistinguishable from surrounding uninvolved lesions. Giving friction to the lesion failed to induce erythematous change, making it clearly visible. Histologically, the lesion showed normal findings with adequate numbers of melanocytes in the basal layer. Herein, we present an interesting case of an acquired anemic patch which developed after a cyst excision. We postulate that nerve damage after surgery that regulates the vascular tone of cutaneous vessels may have been an inducing event of the anemic patch in this patient.
Cold Temperature ; Epidermal Cyst ; Friction ; Glass ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Nevus ; Skin

Cutaneous pseudolymphoma is a heterogeneous group of benign reactive T-cell or B-cell lymphoproliferative process, which clinically and histologically simulates cutaneous lymphomas. A few cases of pseudolymphomas, showing atypical clinical forms, have been reported previously in the literature, but are rare. A 23-year old male was presented with 4-year duration of cutaneous lesion on the right retroauricular area. On physical examination, about a 2x1 cm sized erythematous, elevated and protruded, firm nodule was seen. The cutaneous lesion resembled the appearance of keloid, but the patient did not have any obvious history of trauma. A punch biopsy was performed, and histologically, the lesion was diagnosed as cutaneous pseudolymphoma. After a single treatment of triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection, the lesion was almost cleared. In this report, we present an interesting case of pseudolymphoma with a clinical finding resembling the appearance of keloid in a patient without any traumatic history.
B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Keloid ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Pseudolymphoma ; T-Lymphocytes ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

No abstract available.
Fingers*

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with mild clinical symptoms at a single hospital in South Korea. Materials and Methods: CT scans of 87 COVID-19 patients [43 men and 44 women; median age:41 years (interquartile range: 26.1–51.0 years)] with mild clinical symptoms (fever < 38℃ and no dyspnea) were evaluated. Results: CT findings were normal in 39 (44.8%) and abnormal in 48 (55.2%) patients. Among the 48 patients with lung opacities, 17 (35.4%) had unilateral disease and 31 (64.6%) had bilateral disease. One (2.1%) patient showed subpleural distribution, 9 (18.8%) showed peribronchovascular distribution, and 38 (79.2%) showed subpleural and peribronchovascular distributions.Twenty-two (45.8%) patients had pure ground-glass opacities (GGOs) with no consolidation, 17 (35.4%) had mixed opacities dominated by GGOs, and 9 (18.8%) had mixed opacities dominated by consolidation. No patients demonstrated consolidation without GGOs. Conclusion The most common CT finding of COVID-19 in patients with mild clinical symptoms was bilateral multiple GGO-dominant lesions with subpleural and peribronchovascular distribution and lower lung predilection. The initial chest CT of almost half of COVID-19 patients with mild clinical symptoms showed no lung parenchymal lesions. Compared to relatively severe cases, mild cases were more likely to manifest as unilateral disease with pure GGOs or GGOdominant mixed opacities and less likely to show air bronchogram.

In view of this pandemic, as of February 2020, South Korea has the second highest number of confirmed cases in the world. Herein, we report four confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the early stage of the pandemic in South Korea and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management, including one patient’s initial mild symptoms at presentation and their progression to pneumonia on day 21 of illness. Within 48 hours of hospitalization, all four patients underwent evaluation for initial laboratory parameters, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. All four mild COVID-19 patients were discharged, and they were re-examined 14 days after discharge. Despite all four of them being asymptomatic, one patient was re-admitted after confirmation of COVID-19 through PCR viral nucleic acid detection. She could be discharged after 7 days with two subsequent negative COVID-19 PCR at 24-hour intervals. Patients with mild COVID-19 generally have normal follow-up chest CT scans after discharge, even if the early chest CT definitely indicates pneumonia. Re-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 PCR positive results after discharge were not related to her initial chest CT, lab, symptoms compared other three patients.

Background: A novel antiviral agent, remdesivir (RDV), is a promising candidate treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the absence of any proven therapy.Materials and Methods: This retrospective case series included 10 patients with a clinically and laboratory confirmed diagnosis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had received RDV for 5 days (n = 5) or 10 days (n = 5) in the Phase III clinical trial of RDV (GS-US-540-5773) conducted by Gilead Sciences. The clinical and laboratory data for these patients were extracted. Results: One patient in the 10-day group received RDV for only 5 days because of nausea and elevated liver transaminases. No patient had respiratory comorbidity. Seven patients had bilateral lesions and three had unilateral lesions on imaging. All patients had received other medications for COVID-19, including lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine, before administration of RDV. Five patients required supplemental oxygen and one required mechanical ventilation. All patients showed clinical and laboratory evidence of improvement.Half of the patients developed elevated liver transaminases and three had nausea. There were no adverse events exceeding grade 2. Conclusion Our experience indicates that RDV could be a therapeutic option for COVID-19.A well-designed randomized controlled clinical trial is now needed to confirm the efficacy of RDV in patients with COVID-19.