PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing new graduate nurse turnover. METHODS: This study was carried out as a secondary analysis of data from the 2010 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). A total of 323 nurses were selected for analysis concerning reasons for turnover. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel survival analysis. RESULTS: About 24.5% of new nurses left their first job within 1 year of starting their jobs. Significant predictors of turnover among new nurse were job status, monthly income, job satisfaction, the number of hospitals in region, and the number of nurses per 100 beds. CONCLUSION: New graduate nurses are vulnerable to turnover. In order to achieve the best health of the nation, policy approaches and further studies regarding reducing new graduate nurse turnover are needed.
Job Satisfaction ; Multilevel Analysis ; Personnel Turnover ; Survival Analysis*

BACKGROUND: Primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin in never-been-treated tuberculosis patients, and this malady is caused by the transmission of a resistant strain from one patient, who is infected with a resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, to another patient. The prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be a good indicator of the performance of tuberculosis control programs in recent years. We conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS: From January 1, 2001 to, June 30, 2003, by conducting prospective laboratory-based surveillance, we identified 29 hospitalized patients with P-MDRTB and these patients constituted a case group in this study. The controls were represented by all the patients with culture-confirmed drug susceptible tuberculosis who were admitted to National Masan Hospital during the same study period. The odds ratios for the patients with primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as compared with those of the patients with drug susceptible tuberculosis, were calculated for each categorical variable with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.86) was independently associated with having primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that diabetes mellitus might be one of the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Logistic Models ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Rifampin ; Risk Factors* ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting quality of life among grandparents raising their grandchildren. METHODS: This study carried out a secondary analysis of data from the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) and Statistics Korea. Data collected from 224 grandparents who reported raising their grandchildren were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficient, and multilevel regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of the participants' quality of life was 62.63. Significant predictors of quality of life of the grandparents included subjective health status, last year's total house income, number of last year's travels, frequency of last year's movie seeing, and number of children's parks per 100,000 population. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that public health nurses in improving quality of life of grandparents focus on children's parks and formal social supports as community factors as well as regular exercise as an individual factor in order to be more effective.
Aging ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Grandparents* ; Korea ; Longitudinal Studies ; Multilevel Analysis ; Nurses, Public Health ; Quality of Life*

Enteral feeding therapy has existed since ancient Egypt, but most of the major advances in enteral nutrient techniques and formulas have taken place during the 20th century through the development of sources and ingredients This review provides a historical account of enteral nutrition (EN), including the sources and formulation of macro-and micro-nutrients in the formula and how to manufacture them. The formulas were improved by the development of raw materials that are easier to digest and the next formula is expected to develop functionality using more raw materials, such as ω-3, amino acid, and more functional ingredients to heal the disease.
Egypt ; Enteral Nutrition*

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. The variables include event experiences, cognitive flexibility, and co-worker support. Methods: A survey was conducted among 153 ICU nurses working in a general hospital or an advanced general hospital. The questionnaire was completed between October and December 2018, and 153 copies were used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the factors associated with PTSD symptoms among ICU nurses. Results: The level of PTSD symptoms of ICU nurses was 1.20 ± 0.82 out of 4. Full PTSD, signified by a total score of 25 or more, was reported by 45.1% of the study's 153 participants. The significant influencing factors of PTSD symptoms among ICU nurses were the “experience of traumatic events,” “trusted alliance,” which is a subarea of “coworker support,” and both “control” and “alternative,” which are subareas of “cognitive flexibility.” The explanatory power (49.8%) was statistically significant. Conclusions These results suggest that a program to enhance the cognitive flexibility and coworker support of ICU nurses needs to be developed to reduce the PTSD symptoms of ICU nurses.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual and working environment-related factors affecting hypertension among middle-aged and elderly self-employed workers in South Korea. METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis of data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). The study sample included 1,319 middle-aged and elderly self-employed workers who were diagnosed without hypertension and older than 45 years at Wave 1 of the KLoSA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: About 20% of the middle-aged and elderly self-employed workers were diagnosed with hypertension within about 8 years from the baseline. the significant predictors of hypertension among the participants were age, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, frequency of health examinations, working hours per week, the presence of regular day off, and the type of job. CONCLUSION: Middle-aged and elderly self-employed workers are vulnerable to work-related health problems. In order to prevent hypertension among self-employed workers, it is necessary to improve the work environment-related factors as well as individual life styles.
Aged* ; Aging* ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea ; Life Style ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Middle Aged ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires*

Isolated middle cerebral artery dissection (MCAD) is rare but increasingly recognized as a significant clinical entity, particularly in younger adults. Ischemic stroke is the most common manifestation in symptomatic cases but symptoms can vary in severity from headaches to severe neurologic deficits. Due to its rarity and unpredictable clinical course, there is no established treatment strategy for isolated MCAD. Through two case reports, we reviewed the post-operative clinical course of MCAD under different treatment modalities. Case 1 was a 21-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with headaches and left-side hemiparesis. Isolated MCAD was diagnosed and she was successfully treated with the placement of a self-expandable stent and subsequent chemical angioplasty for post-stent vasospasm. Case 2 was a 35-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with left-side hemiparesis and dysarthria. Isolated MCAD was diagnosed and she was successfully treated with superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis.

Background: Depression is increasing among college students in general. Moreover, almost one-third of college students have been reported to suffer from depression. Thus, this study aimed to assess differences in stress coping strategies and resilience between depressed and normal-mood groups among college students. Methods: A total of 3,306 college students participated in this study. The students responded to a questionnaire that included questions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, stress coping scale (SCS), and brief resilience scale. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of variables on depression. Results: Using the CES-D (cutoff score ≥21), 423 (12.8%) college students were classified as depressed. Adjusting for individual demographic factors, the SCS results of the students with depression showed significantly higher scores in emotion-focused coping (p<0.001), wishful thinking (p<0.001), and lower problem-focused coping (p<0.001) than the normal-mood group. Moreover, they presented lower resilience scores. Students who had emotion-focused coping (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; p<0.001) and lower resilience scores (OR, 0.76; p<0.001) were associated with higher CES-D scores. Conclusion The study findings revealed significant differences between the depressed and normal-mood groups in terms of stress coping skills and resilience, suggesting the need for promoting stress coping strategies and resilience to lower depression-related problems among college students.

Background: The workload of organ transplant coordinators is increasing as administrative tasks become more diverse with changing laws and regulations. These changes have heightened the demand for organ transplant coordinators with expertise in the field. This study aimed to determine the status of human resources of organ transplant coordinators and conduct job analysis using the Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey with 107 transplant coordinators employed at medical centers across Korea. The questionnaire gathered data on general and job-related characteristics of organ transplant coordinators and assessed the importance, difficulty, and frequency of their task elements. Results: The job of organ transplantation was categorized into five duties, 14 tasks, and 97 task elements. These duties included recipient management, donor management, organ donation activation management, organ transplantation administration, and professional capability development. We noted statistically significant differences in the importance scores of organ donation activation based on age, as well as in the difficulty scores for recipient management and administrative tasks based on work experience. Furthermore, the frequency of task performance varied significantly according to the number of coworkers and the total number of transplants conducted. Conclusions This study confirmed the current status of the workforce and task performance of organ transplant coordinators. The findings will serve as basic data to enhance the expertise of coordinators in the future.

Since the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association of Molecular Pathology published their guidelines in 2015, most interpretations of genetic tests have followed them. However, all variants have only limited evidence along 28 interpretation standards, especially de novo variants. When de novo variants, which are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS) due to lack of evidence, are detected, segregation in the affected family could provide an important key to clarifying the variants. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common inherited kidney disorder with pathogenic variants in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes. We detected a novel in-frame deletion variant in the PKD1 gene, c.7575_7577del (p.(Cys2526del)), which was interpreted as a VUS. We analyzed this variant in a Korean family to decide for segregation. Here, we report the variant as a likely pathogenic variant based on the evidence of segregation in three affected relatives and two unaffected members.