1.Screening and identification of indigenous cellulolytic bacteria from Indonesian coffee pulp and investigation of its caffeine tolerance ability
Sattya Arimurti ; Yulia Nurani ; Tri Ardyati ; Suharjono Suharjono
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2017;13(2):109-116
Aims: The objective of the research was to get the potential cellulolytic bacteria which was caffeine tolerance from
Indonesian coffee pulp waste.
Methodology and results: The cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from coffee pulp wastes of Coffea arabica and C.
canephora. These isolates were selected based on their cellulose hydrolysis, CMCase activity, and caffeine tolerance.
The density of cellulolytic bacteria of C. arabica pulp waste was 4.7 ± 3.5 × 106 CFU/g, and that of C. canephora pulp
waste was 1.5 ± 1.5 × 106 CFU/g. Among 61 cellulolytic bacterial isolates, 24 isolates formed clear zones on CMC
medium with Gram iodine flooding. Three isolates (CRM10, CRM1, and CRM12) from C. canephora pulp waste had the
highest cellulolytic activity. Based on the CMCase activity, it was indicated that an isolate of CRM10 showed the highest
CMCase activity with 3.38 ± 0.65 U/mL. This bacteria had tolerance ability to caffeine until 0.4% on nutrient agar
medium. Isolates of CRM10 had similarity to Bacillus subtilis based on 16S rDNA sequence.
Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: CRM10 was identified as Bacillus subtilis and considered as a
potential isolate to degrade cellulose of coffee pulp waste that contained caffeine.
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2.Degradation of caffeine by Pseudomonas monteilii KRM9
Sattya ARIMURTI ; Tri ARDYATI ; Yulia NURANI ; Tri Agus SISWOYO ; Suharjono SUHARJONO
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2018;14(1):55-60
Aims: The objective of this research was to isolate caffeine-degrading bacteria from coffee pulp waste in Indonesia andcharacterize their caffeine degradation activity.Methodology and results: The caffeine-degrading bacteria were isolated from coffee pulp wastes of Coffea arabicaand C. canephora. These isolates were selected based on their caffeine degradation activity. The identification andbiochemical properties of the best isolate were conducted via 16S rDNA sequence analyses and by using the Microbactkit. Meanwhile, caffeine degradation activity of this bacteria was analyzed by using LC-MS/MS. The results indicatedthat fourteen bacterial isolates were able to degrade caffeine. The highest caffeine degradation activity was performedby isolate KRM9 at the rate of 99.26 ± 0.01%, on a caffeine medium after 24 h of incubation. Based on the 16S rDNAanalyses, the KRM9 isolate was identified as Pseudomonas monteilii. Till present, this species has not been reported asa caffeine-degrading bacterium. However, LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that caffeine was degraded by P. monteiliiKRM9 and theobromine was not the secondary metabolite of caffeine degradation.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Pseudomonas monteilii KRM9 was detected as a new isolate ofcaffeine-degrading bacteria. This bacterium can be introduced as an agent to degrade caffeine from coffee pulp waste. Itis expected that further research can be conducted on the overall mechanism of caffeine degradation by P. monteiliiKRM9
3.Effectiveness of selective risk based screening for Gestational Diabetes (GDM) in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study based on the National Obstetric Registry (NOR) of Malaysia
Muniswaran Ganeshan ; Shahrul Aiman Soelar ; Shamala Devi Karalasingam ; Mohammad Adam Bujang ; Jeganathan R, M. ; Harris Suharjono
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2017;72(1):46-49
Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) has significant
maternal and foetal implications. screening allows active
interventions which significantly improves pregnancy
outcomes. Despite World Health Organization (WHO), FIGO
and National Institute of clinical Excellence (NIcE)
recommendations for universal screening especially among
high risk population; Malaysia currently adopts a selective
risk based screening for GDM.
Objective: the objective is to audit the effectiveness of the
current practice of selective risk based screening in
detection of GDM in Malaysia.
Methodology: this is a retrospective cohort study based on
the National Obstetric Registry (NOR) which comprises of 14
major tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. the study period was
from 1st January 2011 till 31st December 2012 and a total of
22,044 patients with GDM were analysed. Logistic
regression analysis was used to calculate the crude odd
ratio.
Results: the incidence of GDM in Malaysia is 8.4%. Maternal
age of ≥25, booking bMI ≥27kg/m2, booking weight ≥80kg
and previous hypertension are non-significant risk of
developing GDM in Malaysia. Parity 5 and more was only
associated with an odds-ratio of 1.02 (95% confidence
Interval: 0.90-1.17) as compared to parity below 5. the
association of women with previous stillbirth with GDM was
not significant.
conclusion: current risk based screening for GDM based on
maternal age, booking bMI, weight and hypertension is
inappropriate. An ideal screening tool should precede
disease complications, which is the novel objective of
screening. Universal screening for GDM in Malaysia may be
a more accurate measure, especially with regards to
reducing maternal and foetal complications.
Diabetes, Gestational
4.Pregnancy and Dumping Syndrome post-bariatric surgery: a case report
Edawati DE ; Abigail Jerip ; Mardiana Kipli ; Ming Cheng Chai ; Harris Njoo Suharjono
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2017;72(2):133-134
This case report discusses dumping syndrome in the postbariatric
mother. Diagnostically a challenge, the symptoms
of postprandial hypoglycaemia mimic common early
gestation complaints and may go undiagnosed, thus
requiring a high index of suspicion. As weight-loss surgery
gains traction, it is pertinent to note at booking and followups.
The pregnancy is at-risk and multidisciplinary team
management is central. The mainstay of management
remains diet modification. There have been case reports of
successful medical treatment of dumping syndrome in
pregnancy with good maternal and fetal outcomes. However,
more data is needed regarding the usage of these medical
treatments in pregnancy.
Dumping Syndrome
;
pregnancy
5.Corticosteroid-induced leukocytosis in pregnancy: A prospective observational study
Voon Hian Yan ; Leong May Shi ; Li Chean Wen ; Mohamad Adam Bujang ; Haris Njoo Suharjono
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2017;72(5):259-263
Background: In the course of managing preterm labour,
increasing trends of total white cell count raises concern for
the obstetrician, suggesting a possible underlying
infectious aetiology. Although mild leukocytosis is expected
in pregnancy, the patterns of increment after corticosteroid
administration are not well described beyond animal models
and in a small number of human studies.
Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients who required
antenatal corticosteroids for either preterm labour or
prelabour caesarean section were recruited and given a
standard course of 12mg dexamethasone phosphate, twelve
hours apart. Venous blood samples were taken before
administration, at six hours and 36 hours after the first dose
of dexamethasone.
Results: The total white count trend was 10.31±2.62 at
baseline, 11.44±3.05 at six hours and 12.20±3.49 at 36 hours.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was 3.60±1.31, 8.73±3.63 and
3.24±1.49 respectively, reflecting relative neutrophilia and
lymphopenia which normalised by 36 hours.
Conclusion: In contrast to previous studies, we found only a
slight increment in total white cell count of about 10%. The
marginal changes described in our study would not
normally raise any clinical concern, although vigilance
should be exercised if higher levels were observed.
Leukocytosis
;
Pregnancy
6.Septic miscarriage with toxic shock syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): The role of surgery, recombinant activated factor VII and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Lee Na TAN ; Gayathri MARIAPPA ; Hian Yan VOON ; Harris SUHARJONO
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2017;72(6):380-381
Severe sepsis with multi-organ failure is associated with ahigh mortality rate. This case report highlights thechallenges and modalities available in the management of alady with refractory shock and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC) due to toxic shock syndrome (TSS) fromgenital tract sepsis. Early surgical intervention to removethe source of infection, the use of recombinant activatedfactor VII to treat intractable disseminated intravascularcoagulation and intravenous immunoglobulin to neutralisethe circulating exotoxins, have been employed and shown todrastically improve outcomes.
7.Cervical Ripening Balloon for Induction of Labour in High Risk Pregnancies
Hian Yan Voon ; Angeline TY Wong ; Moi Ling Ting ; Haris Njoo Suharjono,
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2015;70(4):224-227
Background: The Cervical Ripening Balloon (CRB) is a novel
mechanical method for induction of labour (IOL), reducing
the risks of hyperstimulation associated with
pharmacological methods. However, there remains a paucity
of literature on its application in high risk mothers, who have
an elevated risk of uterine rupture, namely those with
previous scars and grandmultiparity.
Methodology: A retrospective study on IOL using the CRB in
women with previous caesarean section or grandmultiparity
between January 2014 and March 2015. All cases were
identified from the Sarawak General Hospital CRB request
registry. Individual admission notes were traced and data
extracted using a standardised proforma.
Results: The overall success rate of vaginal delivery after
IOL was 50%, although this increases to about two-thirds
when sub analysis was performed in women with previous
tested scars and the unscarred, grandmultiparous woman.
There was a significant change in Bishop score prior to
insertion and after removal of the CRB. The Bishop score
increased by a score of 3.2 (95% CI 2.8-3.6), which was
statistically significant (p<0.01) and occurred across both
subgroups, not limited to the grandmultipara. There were no
cases of hyperstimulation but one case of intrapartum fever
and scar dehiscence each (1.4%). Notably, there were two
cases of change in lie/presentation after CRB insertion.
Conclusion: CRB adds to the obstetricians’ armamentarium
and appears to provide a reasonable alternative for the IOL
in women at high risk of uterine rupture. Rates of
hyperstimulation, maternal infection and scar dehiscence
are low and hence appeals to the user.
Pregnant Women
8.Prophylactic bilateral internal iliac artery balloon occlusion in the management of placenta accreta: A 36-month review
Yiap Loong Tan ; Haris Suharjono ; Nina Lee Jing Lau ; Hian Yan Voon
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2016;71(3):111-116
Background: The contemporary obstetrician is increasingly
put to the test by rising numbers of pregnancies with
morbidly adherent placenta. This study illustrates our
experience with prophylactic bilateral internal iliac artery
occlusion as part of its management.
Methods: Between January 2011 to January 2014, 13
consecutive patients received the intervention prior to
scheduled caesarean delivery for placenta accreta. All cases
were diagnosed by ultrasonography, color Doppler imaging
and supplemented with MRI where necessary. The Wanda
balloonTM catheter (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, U.S.A)
were placed in the proximal segment of the internal iliac
arteries preceding surgery. This was followed by a midline
laparotomy and classical caesarean section, avoiding the
placenta. Both internal iliac balloons were inflated just
before the delivery of fetus and deflated once haemostasis
was secured. Primary outcomes measured were
perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion requirement and
the need for ICU admission.
Results: The mean and median intraoperative blood loss
were 1076mls±707 and 800mls (300-2500) respectively while
mean perioperative blood loss was 1261mls±946. Just over
half of the patients in our series required blood and/or blood
products transfusion. Two patients (15.4%) required ICU
admission.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that preoperative
prophylactic balloon occlusion of bilateral internal iliac
arteries reduces both blood loss and transfusion
requirement in patients with placenta accreta, scheduled to
undergo elective caesarean hysterectomy. It is an adjunct to
be considered in the management of a modern day obstetric
problem, although the authors are cautious about
generalizing its benefit without larger, randomized trials.
Placenta Accreta
9.Toxicity studies for indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from Malang City, East Java on Aedes aegypti larvae.
Zulfaidah Penata GAMA ; Nobukazu NAKAGOSHI ; Suharjono ; Faridah SETYOWATI
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013;3(2):111-117
OBJECTIVETo investigate the toxicity of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis)isolates from Malang City for controlling Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) larvae.
METHODSSoil samples were taken from Purwantoro and Sawojajar sub-districts. Bacterial isolation was performed using B. thuringiensis selective media. Phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were obtained with the simple matching method. The growth and prevalence of spores were determined by the Total Plate Count method, and toxicity tests were also performed on the third instar larval stage of Ae. aegypti. The percentage of larval mortality was analysed using probit regression. The LC50 was analysed by ANOVA, and the Tukey HSD interval was 95%.
RESULTSAmong the 33 selected bacterial isolates, six were obtained (PWR4-31, PWR4-32, SWJ4-2b, SWJ4-4b, SWJ-4k and SWJ5-1) that had a similar phenotype to reference B. thuringiensis. Based on the dendrogram, all of the bacterial isolates were 71% similar. Three isolates that had a higher prevalence of reference B. thuringiensis were PWR4-32, SWJ4-4b and SW5-1, of which the spore prevalence was 52.44%, 23.59%, 34.46%, respectively. These three indigenous isolates from Malang City successfully killed Ae. aegypti larvae. The PWR4-32 isolates were the most effective at killing the larvae.
CONCLUSIONSSix indigenous B. thuringiensis isolates among the 33 bacterial isolates found in the Sawojajar and Purwantoro sub-districts were toxic to the third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. The PWR4-32 isolates were identical to the reference B. thuringiensis and had 88% phenotype similarity. The PWR4-32 isolates had the highest spore prevalence (52.44%), and the early stationary phase occurred at 36 h. The PWR4-32 isolates were the most effective at killing Ae. aegypti larvae (LC50-72 h=2.3×10(8) cells/mL).
Aedes ; microbiology ; Animals ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Biological Control Agents ; Indonesia ; Insecticides ; Larva ; microbiology ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mosquito Control
10. Evaluation of entomopathogenic Bacillus sphaericus isolated from Lombok beach area against mosquito larvae
Bambang Fajar SURYADI ; Bambang Fajar SURYADI ; Bagyo YANUWIADI ; Tri ARDYATI ; Suharjono SUHARJONO
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016;6(2):148-154
Objective: To isolate, characterize and evaluate toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus (B. sphaericus) from beach area of Lombok Island. Methods: Soil was collected from determined locations and suspended in sterile physiological saline water. After heat shock was applied, suspension was spread on NYSM agar medium. Colonies grown were then observed and isolated. Colony, cell morphology, and biochemical/physiological characteristics were tested and compared to B. sphaericus 2362 as standard. Initial toxicity testing was done against three species of mosquito larvae (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles aconitus and Aedes aegypti) and isolates that showed more than 50% larvae killing will be assayed to obtain LC