There is no definite histological criteria which can predict the biologic behavior of meningiomas, although resectability is the most important factor in terms of recurrence. For grading meningiomas, various factors have been studied, such as hypercellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, small cells with high N/C ratio, prominent nucleoli (PN), frequent mitosis, loss of architecture, focal necrosis (FN). We investigated 116 meningiomas to evaluate the correlation between the factors and the proliferative activity using AgNORs and MIB-1 labelling index (LI). They were divided into 3 groups: Group A includes meningiomas with none of the factors; group B with one of the factors; group C with two or more factors. MIB-1 LI was correlated with each factor, but AgNORs was not. There was a statistical difference among group A (<1.28%), B (2.7%) and C (5.1%) (p<0.05) using MIB-1 LI. FN was the most frequently associated with other factors, and it had the highest MIB-1 LI (6.31%). MIB-1 LI of group B was 5.1 2.3%. In group B, the most frequent combination was FN and PN, and it showed the highest MIB-1 LI (5.74%). This study indicates that FN and PN are important for diagnosis of atypical meningioma, and MIB-1 LI appears to be a useful method for estimating the proliferative activity of meningiomas, and 5% or more of MIB-1 LI could help in making a diagnosis of atypical meningioma.
Diagnosis ; Meningioma* ; Mitosis ; Necrosis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to offer basic data concerning the prevention of obesity for obese children to identify the relationship between their self-efficacy and the degree of performance on health promoting lifestyle profile. METHOD: The subjects were 148 fourth to sixth grade elementary school students in Gwang-ju, Korea during the period from September 10 to September 25, 2001. The collected data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression by using the SPSS program. RESULT: The relationship between general characteristics of subjects and self-efficacy were significant differences according to eating time(F=5.338, p=.006). The relationship between general characteristics of subjects and health promoting lifestyle profile were significant differences according to grade(F=5.615, p=.005), eating time(F=8.591, p=.000), concern about weight control(F=3.915, p=.022), experience of weight control(t=7.632, p=.006). Health promoting lifestyle profile was showed significant positive correlations with self-efficacy(r=.537, p=.000). Self-efficacy(27.6%) was the highest factor predictor health promoting lifestyle profile of obesity students. In addition to eating time, concern about weight control, explained for 33.3% in health promoting lifestyle profile. CONCLUSION: Results of this study point to self-dfficiency as a major factor in the health promoting behavior of childhood obesity. According to the results of this study, There is a reason to develop a health program to promote self-efficiency.
Child ; Eating ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style* ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Child Health

The secretary meningioma is a distinct variant of meningioma that revealed characteristic light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of epithelial and secretary differentiation, which was named as a distinct subtype of meningioma by Alguacil-Garcia et al in 1986. We experienced 2 cases of secretary meningioma. One was a 53-year-old female who had suffered from sudden onset of dizziness for I day. The computerized tomography revealed a sharply marginated well enhanced mass in temporal lobe. The other was a 59-year-old female who had suffered from dizziness for 8 years. The computerized tomography revealed a well demarcated lobulated mass in petrosal ridge. In both cases, multiple hyaline inclusions were scattered in the background of meningothelial meningioma. They were PAS positive, diastase resistant, stained yellow with van Gieson, and did not stain with reticulin in contrast to Psammoma bodies. The immunohistochemistry revealed positive reaction for EMA, CEA, a-FP and cytokeratin. T'he electron microscopic study revealed interdigitation with desmosomes and abundant intracellular lumina. They were lined by numerous microvilli and filled with granular material which was composed of electron dense homogenous material, me branous material, and small membrane-bound vesicles. Microvilli were filled with electron dense material identical to the material in the lumina, and some of them were interconnected with electron dense material in the lumina. It was concluded that secretary activity of the meningothelial cells and degenerated microvilli were involved in the pathogenesis of hyaline inclusions.
Female ; Humans ; Meningioma

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the eating habits of elementary school students in Kwangju. The study was carried out on 931 students(male : 454, female : 477) in September and October of 1996. The results are summarized as follows ; Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI) that exceeds 20. The rate of obesity was 10.0%(male 4.7%, female 5.3%) in subjects. Subjects were divided into 3 groups : normal group(BMI<20), mildly obese group(20 Breakfast ; Child ; Eating* ; Education ; Female ; Gwangju* ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Obesity* ; Parents ; Physical Fitness ; Prevalence*

In spite of vigorous efforts to enhance appropriateness of blood usage in surgery, it is recognized that there are still not a few overuse and misuse of blood products in Korean hospitals. To assure appropriate use of blood, continuous monitoring and controlfling blood orders, particularly for surgical operations, should be implemented. The indicator of 'ratio of crossmatching to transfusion' (C/T ratio) has been focalized on in this regard. The authors investigated C/T ratio for eight hospitals, evenly distributed in their geographical location as well as size. Only elective surgeries operated from March 1 to May 31, 1995 were included for analysis. Standardized survey format was distributed, and retrospective reviews of medical records were performed by volunteer surveyors from each hospital after two sessions of pre- survey education. The results were as follows. Average C/T ratio, for all hospitals and all surgeries, was 1.76. Differences in C/T ratio by sex, months, clinical departments, blood components were not significant. However, the ratio showed increasing tendency with ages. The C/T ratio on the average was not higher, compared with the recommended guideline. However, due to study' s limitations ini standardization of survey method and verification of data, we could not conclude that current status of appropriateness of blood use is satisfactory. In addition, to pervasively use the C/T ratio as a quality indicator for blood use management, supplementary measures, such as standardization of data, should be adopted.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Medical Records ; Quality Indicators, Health Care* ; Retrospective Studies ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities*

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics on translocation of intrauterine device and the methods of removal. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 77 cases of translocation of intrauterine device from June 1994 to December 2002. RESULTS: Among 77 cases undergoing removal of intrauterine device, 17 cases (22.1%) were translocted intraperitoneally. Fifteen cases were removed by laparoscopy, 2 cases were by laparotomy and there was no specific postoperative complication. The incidence of intraperitoneal translocation was not related to the type of IUD. Between intrauterine and extrauterine translocation, the incidence of symptoms were not different, but low abdominal pain were slightly increased in extrauterine (35.3%) than intrauterine (10.0%) group. The time lapse after insertion of IUD was ranged from 1 month to 35 year, the mean duration was 9.39 year, that was not related to the incidence of intraperitoneal translocation. In the cases of extrauterine translocation, the mean hospital day was significantly increased (p=0.001), the mean duration was 2.5 day (1-7 day), compaired with 0.7 day (0-6 day) of the cases of not translocated. CONCLUSION: As the type of IUD or symptoms, it is difficult to anticipate the possibility of the intraperitoneal translocation of IUD. But, in cases of extrauterine translocation of intrauterine device, the incidence of low abdominal pain was slightly increased, and ring type IUD was rarely extrauterne translocated. So, it is necessary to further study what factors contribute the extrauterine translocation of IUD.
Abdominal Pain ; Incidence ; Intrauterine Devices* ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: In the human body the embryo initially gmws in the fallopian tube which is maintained in an 3-8% O2 concentration environment, and various substances such as growth factors and antioxidants present in tbe tubal fluid assists in maintaining a healthy environment for embryo development. But in IVF programs embryo cultures are conducted in incubators with 21.9% O2 and 5% CO2 condition, and such high oxygen concentrations have been reported to increase the production of oxygen free radicals within the embryo and is detrimental to the growth and development of the embryo. The objective of this study, therefore, is to determine the culture conditions which will decrease oxygen free radical production and thereby minimize the injury to the embryo. METHODS: Six to eight week old ICR strain mice embryos were cultured in 5% or 21.9% O2 conditions and in culture media to which inaement concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) had been and the H2O2 concentration within the embryo, embryo developmental rate, and degree of fragmentation of the embryos was investigated. RESULTS: The control gmup embryos which were cultured in 21.9% O2 condition without addition of SOD showed developmental arrest at the 2-cell stage or fragmentation, while those cultured in 21.9% O2 condition with addition of SOD showed development to the blastocyst stage with deaeased fragmentation. In particular, the blastulation and fragmentation rates were the lowest in the group to which 500 IU/ml of SOD was added, but in the 5% O2 enviranment group many embryos reached the blastocyst stage and with no difference in frapnentation with or without addition of SOD. The HO relative intensity (120.5+/-20.2) within the embryos cultured in 21.9% O2 environment without SOD was significantly higher than that (56.8+/-10.8) of group with SOD (p<0.05). As showing that in the 5% O2 environment group without SOD it was 43.8+/-7.8 and in the group with SOD it was 37.3+/-5.4, the H2O2 concentration within embryos cultured in 5% 02 condition was significantly lower those that of 21,9% 02 environment regardless of SOD addition (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The optimal oxygen concentration in incubator for mice embryo cultures is that which is similar to the 5% 0 concentration in vivo. When 20% 02 incubators are routinely used, the addition of SOD to the culture media will decrease the H2O2 concentration within the embryos with subsequent improvement in development. The optimal concentration which should be used is thought to be 500 IU/ml. It is suggested that the use of the above method in human IVF-ET programs will lead to improved embryo quality and enhanced pregnancy rates.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Blastocyst ; Culture Media ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Growth and Development ; Human Body ; Humans ; Incubators ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice* ; Oxygen* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment results and prognostic factors after radiotherapy in stage IIB uterine cervix cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 90 patients with stage IIB uterine cervix cancer who received radiotherapy between 9/94 and 12/99. Age was ranged from 28 to 79 years (median 57). Tumor size was > or = 4 cm in 64 patients. Preteatment SCC level was measured in 76 patients. Twenty nine patients received conventional radiotherapy (QD) and the others received modified hyperfractionated radiotherapy (BID). Only 7 patients in BID had tumor size <4 cm. All patients received high dose rate brachytherapy (4 Gy x 7 or 5 Gy x 6). No patient received concurrent chemotherapy during radiotherapy. Follow up period was ranging from 9 to 76 months (median 38). RESULTS: The 5-year overall and disease free survival rates were 73.4% and 71.6%, respectively. Local recurrences occurred in 10% of patients, and distant metastasis in 18.9%. There was a significant correlation between OS/DFS and tumor size (<4 cm; OS 95.2%, DFS 91.4%, > or = 4 cm; OS 63.4%, DFS 63.4%). Pretreatment SCC level was one of prognostic factors only in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: With modified hyperfractionated radiotherapy, there was very low local recurrence rate (6.6%) and high 5-year overall and disease free survival rate (75.4% and 70.5%), which is comparable to results after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in bulky, locally advanced stage IIB uterine cervix cancer.
Brachytherapy ; Cervix Uteri* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by symptoms of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism and obesity. It is known that the women with such diseases would have higher risks to coronary heart diseases, hypertension, DM and endometrial cancer later on, Known risk factors of endometrial cancer are nullipara, late menopause, obesity, DM, unopposed estrogen, tamoxifen treatment, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia ect. 75% of endometrial cancer occurs in age over 50 and 4% of endometrial cancer occurs in age under 40. Particulary endometrial cancer concurrent polycystic ovary syndrome occurs usually in people under age 40 and is commonly well differentiated cell type and is related to good prognosis. We experienced a case of endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome, who was early dignosed, presented with infertility and got an operation in our hospital, and report this case with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Coronary Disease ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infertility ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen