BACKGROUND: There is pressure difference depending on the height of hand position when blood pressure is taken, applying the oscillometric electronic digital BP(blood pressure) monitor. Authors have calculated the degree of BP differences, and evaluated the accuracy and effectiveness of the digital BP monitor comparing with the conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometer. METHOD: Randomized sixty cases consisting of in-patients and hospital workers were subjected for this study. BPs were taken at three different levels-nose level, heart level and knee level-on conventional sitting position applying OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor and conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometer, and statistical analysis was made. RESULTS: At the nose level, systolic BP and diastolic BP were lower with 23.5mmHg and 18.9mmHg respectively, than at the heart level, while at the knee level, they were higher with 21mmHg and 17.5mmHg respectively, than at the heart level. No actual statistical difference of systolic and diastolic values between OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitoring method at the heart level and conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometeric method. CONCLUSION: Present study demonstrated significant discrepancy of BP values, in systolic and diastolic values, depending on the height of measured finger, when OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor is applied in taking BP on conventional sitting position. However, no actual discrepancy of BP values was noted between two methods when BP is taken at heart level by OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor and on brachial artery BP by conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometer. Thus OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor could take the place of Mercury Sphygmomanometer in taking peripheral BP, which subsequently enable us to estimate central artery BP, which is believed to be better clinical index, through this much more handy electrical oscillometric device in the future.
Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Brachial Artery ; Electric Impedance ; Fingers ; Hand* ; Heart ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Knee ; Nose ; Sphygmomanometers*

No abstract available.
Groin* ; Pelvis* ; Rectus Abdominis*

OBJECTIVES: Echovirus 30 is a major cause of meningitis in children and adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the antifungal drug itraconazole could exhibit antiviral activity against echovirus 30. METHODS: The cytopathic effect and viral RNA levels were assessed in RD cells as indicators of viral replication. The effects of itraconazole were compared to those of two known antiviral drugs, rupintrivir and pleconaril. The time course and time-of-addition assays were used to approximate the time at which itraconazole exerts its activity in the viral cycle. RESULTS: Itraconazole and rupintrivir demonstrated the greatest potency against echovirus 30, demonstrating concentration-dependent activity, whereas pleconaril showed no antiviral activity. Itraconazole did not directly inactivate echovirus 30 particles or impede viral uptake into RD cells, but did affect the initial stages of echovirus 30 infection through interference with viral replication. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole can be considered a lead candidate for the development of antiviral drugs against echovirus 30 that may be used during the early stages of echovirus 30 replication.
Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; Child ; Enterovirus B, Human* ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Itraconazole* ; Meningitis ; RNA, Viral

BACKGROUND: We studied the time course of gene expression of dynorphin, enkephalin, c-fos, and the changes of allodynia, and the effect of chemical sympathectomy on the gene expression and allodynia in neuropathic rat. METHODS: In two groups of rat (Sprague-Dawley), the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were tight ligated. In gene expression group (N=25), behavioral tests for mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia were perfomed for the next two weeks. After the test of allodynia, the expression of dynorphin, enkephalin, c-fos were assessed by Northern blot hybridization. In chemical sympathectomy group (N=16), after chemical sympathectomy (guanethidine 70 mg/kg intraperitoneally, from postoperative 7 days to 9 days), the changes of allodynia and the gene expression of enkephalin, c-fos were tested. RESULTS: Mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia was developed on the postoperative 3, 5, 7, 14 days. Preprodynorphin mRNA expression was reached peak level at the postoperative 8 hrs, sustained increase by the postoperative 3 days, but preproenkephalin mRNA expression increased slightly after operation. c-Fos mRNA expression was increased immediately at the postoperative 30 min, 1 hr, returned to normal level thereafter, and increased again on the postoperative 3, 5, 7 days that neuropathic pain was developed. Mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia were decreased by chemical sympathectomy. The increased c-fos mRNA expression and pain at postoperative 7 days was reduced by chemical sympathectomy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the transient gene expression of dynorphin and c-fos after tight ligation of L5 and L6 spinal nerves induces the development neuropathic pain, and late c-fos expression is related to neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Dynorphins* ; Enkephalins* ; Gene Expression* ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation ; Neuralgia ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Spinal Nerves ; Sympathectomy, Chemical

The consensus guideline development committee of Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology was reconvened in March 2012. The committee consisted of 36 experts representing 12 university hospitals and professional organizations. The objective of this committee was to develop standardized guidelines for cervical cancer screening tests for Korean women and to distribute these guidelines to every clinician, eventually improving the quality of medical care. Since the establishment of the consensus guideline development committee, evidence-based guidelines have either been developed de novo considering specific Korean situations or by adaptation of preexisting consensus guidelines from other countries. Recommendations for cervical cancer screening tests, management of atypical squamous and glandular cells, and management of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were developed. Additionally, recommendations for human papillomavirus DNA testing and recommendations for adolescent and pregnant women with abnormal cervical screening test results were also included.
Adolescent ; Consensus ; DNA ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pregnant Women ; Societies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms