PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate case-fatality rates and survival rates, prognostic factors of prevalent five cancers(stomach, lung, liver, cervix, colon) in a university hospital located in Taejon City. METHODS: 2,158 cancer patients who have admitted the hospital from Jan. 1, 1991 to Dec. 31, 1998 were analysed. The higher ratio of outbreak and growing were selected among the investigated cancer data for over 100 of subjects in Korean cancer patient was examined into two method. The one is medical record and the other is affirm a government office for existence or not. RESULTS: The lung cancer was discovered for the highest fatality rate. The crude 5-year survival rate of all cancer patients was 43.9% and that in male was higher than that in female. The 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer patients were 49.7%, that treated with combined(operation and chemotherapy) were 66.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 48.1%, and distant metastasis were 31.9%. Lung cancer patients were 25.9%, that treated with operation were 42.7%, and that with metastasis to lymph node were 29.3%. Hepatoma patients were 25.5%, that treated with operation were 37.8%. Uterine cervix cancer patients were 74.8%, that treated with operation were 95.0%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 83.3%, and distant metastasis 74.8%. Colon cancer patients were 41.8%, that treated with operation were 50.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 33.4%. Prognostic factors affecting survival rate among stomach cancer patients were age, operation, operation with cancer chemotherpy, and metastais to lymph node and distant matastasis. Prognostic factors of uterine cervix cancer was age, and that of colon cancer were operation with radiotherapy, metatasis to lymph node and distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: case-fatality rate in male were higher than that in female, and increased with age. The cancer survival rate of female is high, the high in over 40 years group, and operation is exposed in the highest survival rate, also significant difference in metastasis level.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cervix Uteri ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Daejeon ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate*

To make the objective standard of nuclear size in grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system(Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were 7.56 micrometer, 7.53 micrometer in nuclear grade 1, 8.92+/-0.98 micrometer, 9.02+/-0.74 micrometer in nuclear grade 2, and 12.90+/-1.47 micrometer, 12.44+/-1.41 micrometer in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. These values would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Erythrocytes ; Pathology, Surgical

Regional differences between large cities and rural areas are observed in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). This present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary factors on hypertension risk in Korean populations, especially residents of the Chungcheong province which was not in metropolitan area, using KNHANES III. A total of 544 adults aged > or = 19 years were placed into either the normotensive or the hypertensive group. Subject characteristics, BMI, blood pressure, and nutrient intakes were compared between the two groups using a chi-square test and t-test. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using multiple logistic regression, adjusted for energy intake and selected covariates. There were significant differences in age, education level, alcohol consumption, and BMI between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. We found decreased ORs for the medium versus lowest tertile of calcium intake (multivariate OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.88), for the highest versus lowest tertile of calcium intake (multivariate OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.90) with significant trends in risk (P = 0.040), and for the medium versus lowest tertile of potassium intake (multivariate OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.89). Subjects with the highest sodium/calcium ratio had a 2.10-fold greater risk of hypertension compared to the subject with the lowest, with significant trends in risk (P = 0.002). Adequate calcium and potassium intake should be encouraged and regional differences should be considered in making a healthy plan for hypertension management.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Electrolytes ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Potassium ; Sodium

Epidemiological evidence of the effects of dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, and anthropometric indexes on blood pressure is still inconsistent. To investigate the relationship between dietary factors or anthropometric indexes and hypertension risk, we examined the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with sodium, calcium, and potassium intakes and anthropometric indexes in 19~49-year-olds using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III. Total of 2,761 young and middle aged adults (574 aged 19~29 years and 2,187 aged 30~49 years) were selected from KNHANES III. General information, nutritional status, and anthropometric data were compared between two age groups (19~29 years old and 30~49 years old). The relevance of blood pressure and risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, and the intakes of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression models showed that waist circumference, weight, and BMI were positively associated with SBP and DBP in both age groups. Sodium and potassium intakes were not associated with either SBP or DBP. Among 30~49-year-olds, calcium was inversely associated with both SBP and DBP (P = 0.012 and 0.010, respectively). Our findings suggest that encouraging calcium consumption and weight control may play an important role in the primary prevention and management of hypertension in early adulthood.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Potassium ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Sodium ; Sodium, Dietary ; Waist Circumference

Angulation and inclination of clinical crown is important for diagnosing, treatment planning and developing convenient orthodontic attachments. The aim of the study was to establish normative data with higher reliability on the angulation and inclination of clinical crown of Koreans with normal occlusion. This study employed the dental casts of 307 (male, 187; female, 120) adult normal occlusion samples. The angulation and inclination of clinical crown were measured by set-up model checker. In order to ensure reliability, intra- and inter-rater error were evaluated 3 times. The resultant data obtained had excellent reliability, however, when compared with the previous data as well as with gender difference, clinically significant interpretation was impossible because the whithin-dataset normal variation was high, which was common pattern of angulation and inclination measuring data of previous research. The result of this biometric study seemed to suggest more substantive design of the multivariate, high-dimensional interpretation methodology of these normal variation is required if more compatible orthodontic appliance could be developed.
Adult ; Crowns* ; Female ; Humans ; Orthodontic Appliances

Recently, the -160 C/A polymorphism, located within the regulatory region of E-cadherin promoter, has been shown to influence E-cadherin transcription by altering transcription factor binding. We examined the effect of this polymorphism on risk of gastric cancer and on histological classification of intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer in 146 normal healthy individuals and 292 Korean gastric cancer patients. Genomic DNA samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)-sequencing and confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the polymorphism between normal control and gastric cancer patients (x(2) test, p=0.433). The estimated odd ratio of C/C to A/A genotype in gastric cancer cases was 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.396-2.870). We also found no evidence for differences in risk for the intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer. These results suggest that the -160 C/A polymorphism of the E-cadherin has no direct effect on the risk of Korean gastric cancer development and on its histological classification.
Alleles ; Cadherins/*genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Human ; Korea ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism (Genetics) ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; *Promoter Regions (Genetics) ; Risk ; Stomach Neoplasms/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

PURPOSE: The protein kinase Chk1 is required for cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage and is shown to play an important role in the G2/M checkpoint. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between microsatellite instability and frameshift mutation of the Chk1 gene in gastric cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microsatellite instability was analyzed in 95 primary gastric carcinomas by using microdissection and 6 microsatellite markers. We also performed single strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing to detect frameshift mutation of the Chk1 gene. RESULTS: We found positive microsatellite instability in 19 (20%) of the 95 gastric cancers, 13 high- and 6 low-frequency microsatellite instability cases. The frameshift mutation of Chk1, which resulted in a truncated Chk1 protein, was detected in two high-frequency microsatellite instability cases. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the microsatellite instability may contribute to the development of gastric carcinomas through inactivation of Chk1.
Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; DNA Damage ; Frameshift Mutation ; Microdissection ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Protein Kinases ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: KLF6, a member of the KLF family, is a ubiquitous zinc finger tumor suppressor protein that is mutated in several human cancers. Our aim was to determine whether the expression pattern of KLF6 might be associated with gastric cancer development and, if so, to determine to which pathologic parameter it is linked. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the construction of the gastric cancer tissue microarray, 85 paraffin-embedded tissues containing gastric cancer areas were cored 3 times and transferred to the recipient master block. The expression pattern of KLF6 was examined on tissue microarray slides by using immunohistochemistry and was compared with pathologic parameters, including histologic type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal dissemination. RESULTS: The KLF6 protein was expressed on superficial and foveolar epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa. We found loss of KLF6 expression in 28 (32.9%) of the 85 gastric cancer tissues. There was a significant correlation between loss of KLF6 expression and lymph-node metastasis. However, other pathologic parameters, such as histologic type, depth of invasion, and peritoneal dissemination, were not statistically associated with loss of KLF6 expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that loss of KLF6 expression may contribute to abnormal regulation of gastrointestinal epithelial cell growth and differentiation and to the development and/or progression of Korean gastric cancer.
Apoptosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Zinc Fingers

Instant noodles are widely consumed in Asian countries. The Korean population consumed the largest quantity of instant noodles in the world in 2008. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between instant noodles and nutritional status in Koreans. The objective of this study was to examine the association between instant noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake in Korean adults. We used dietary data of 6,440 subjects aged 20 years and older who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. The average age of the instant noodle consumers (INC) was 36.2 and that of the non-instant noodle consumers (non-INC) was 44.9; men consumed more instant noodles than women (P < 0.001). With the exception of cereals and grain products, legumes, seaweeds, eggs, and milk and dairy products, INC consumed significantly fewer potatoes and starches, sugars, seeds and nuts, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, seasonings, beverages, meats, fishes, and oils and fats compared with those in the non-INC group. The INC group showed significantly higher nutrient intake of energy, fat, sodium, thiamine, and riboflavin; however, the INC group showed a significantly lower intake of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, vitamin A, niacin, and vitamin C compared with those in the non-INC group. This study revealed that consuming instant noodles may lead to excessive intake of energy, fats, and sodium but may also cause increased intake of thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, nutritional education helping adults to choose a balanced meal while consuming instant noodles should be implemented. Additionally, instant noodle manufacturers should consider nutritional aspects when developing new products.
Adult ; Agaricales ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Beverages ; Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Edible Grain ; Dairy Products ; Eating ; Eggs ; Fabaceae ; Fats ; Female ; Fishes ; Fruit ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Nuts ; Oils ; Ovum ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Riboflavin ; Seasons ; Seeds ; Sodium ; Solanum tuberosum ; Starch ; Thiamine ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A

Methylation events play a critical role in various cellular processes including regulation of gene transcription and proliferation. Recently, RUNX3 gene, one of TGF-beta-Smads signaling transduction pathway genes, showed strong tumor-suppressor activity by regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. To elucidate the potential etiological role of the RUNX3 gene in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we have analyzed the methylation status of 5' CpG island of the RUNX3 gene in a series of 73 HCC tissues and 11 liver cell lines. Expectedly, promoter methylation of RUNX3 gene was found in 2 (2.7%) of 73 corresponding normal liver, whereas 30 (41.1%) of 73 HCCs and 4 (40%) of 10 liver cancer cell lines showed hypermethylation of the gene, respectively. There was no significant difference between promoter hypermethylaion and clinicopathologic parameters of primary HCC samples, including histologic grade, microvascular invasion, and clinical stage. Interestingly, demethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine induced reactivation and more potent expression of RUNX3 gene in HCC cell lines. Our findings indicate that promoter hypermethylation of RUNX3 gene may occur as an early event in the development of HCC and that methylation may be a major mechanism for inactivation of RUNX3 gene in HCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions (Genetics) ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't