M llerian anomalies have been infrequently encountered clinical problem for the obstetrician gynecologist, incidence was estimated to occur in 1% to 6% of all women. Recently, the use of vaginal ultrasound, MRI and endoscopic techniques have led to more accurate description and classification of m llerian anomalies. This report of a complete uterine septum with duplication of the cervix and a longitudinal vaginal septum with hemivaginal stricture represents a unique case of septate uterus, which to our knowledge previously has not been reported.
Cervix Uteri* ; Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus*

The purpose of a static visual field examination is primarily to establish the contrast sensitivity for a large number of retinal points at a defined background luminance, spot size and exposure duration. The light threshold is defined as the value at which the probability for a stimulus to be detected is 50%. This implies that scatter of the threshold value determined by quantitative perimetry is always present. When the visual threshold is measured several times at a location, the result is not always identical. The variability of the threshold value obtained has been termed "fluctuation". The amount of fluctuation is influenced by the visual sensitivity at the location, by whether the location is normal or defective, by the frequency of the patient's false positive and false negative responses in catch trials, and by the refractive errors, and by the size of target. The mean fluctuation of normal subjects was 2.69 +/- 1.60 dB, the mean fluctuation of glaucomatous patients was 4.32 +/- 1.56 dB. Using the independent t-test to compare groups individually, the difference between the patients with glaucoma and the normals was significant for all components(p<0.05). This study also shows that the fluctuation of peripheral visual field is greater than that of central visual field, and that in eyes with poor cooperation, the fluctuation is greater than in eyes with better cooperation(p<0.05). Using the dependent t-test to compare groups individually, the difference between the subjects with refractive correction and inaccurate refractive correction was not significant for all components(p>0.05). Using the dependent t-test to compare groups individually, the difference between the subjects with using target III and target IV was not signifficant for all components(p>0.05).
Contrast Sensitivity ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

This report documents a case of voluntary inhibition of acquired pendular nystagmus after head trauma. A 30-year-old male developed oscillopsia and decreased visual acuity, as well as findings of acquired pendular nystagmus with voluntary inhibition after head trauma. The EOG finding was horizontal 18-20Hz bilateral symmetrical pendular nystagmus in all directions of gaze at near and distant fixation. Nystagmus did not change with 14 Prism Diopter base-out prisms on both eyes, but it was possible to abolish it intentionally. Baclofen and Clonazepam had no effect in improving the patient's symptoms and EOG finding.
Adult ; Case Report ; Electrooculography ; GABA/physiology ; Human ; Male ; Nystagmus, Pathologic/*etiology/physiopathology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology

We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who developed vertical diplopia of 1-days duration. Neuro-ophthalmological testing revealed left trochlear nerve palsy, and sellar MRI revealed a 1.5 cm-sized pituitary mass lesion, a Rathke's cleft cyst. The diplopia disappeared spontaneously after 6 days.
Central Nervous System Cysts/*complications/pathology ; Female ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases/*etiology/pathology

The term type II membranoproliferarive glomerulonephritis (MPGN) refers to the histopathologic entity characterized by dense intramembranous deposits. It have a variable clincal courses, frequently occurs in older children and young adult. In comparison with The western, the idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) has a lower frequency than secondary MPGN. Especially, of the idiopathic MPGN, the frequency of type 2 MPGN, so called dense deposit disease, is very rare in Korea. We are reporting two cases of type II MPGN, which was proven by renal biopsy. The clinical manifestations were recurrent gross hematuria in one patient and persistent nephrotic-ranged proteinuria in the other patient. The biopsy findings are characterized by diffuse wall thickening of capillary walls and focal proliferation of mesangial cell in light microscopy, and by capillary wall and granular basement membrane staining of C3 in immunofluorescence microscopy, and an irregular fusiform swelling of the lamina densa which resulting in a further thickening of basement of basement membrane in electron microscopy. Our two patients were treated conservatively without using steroid or immunosuppressive agents. One patient who had followed-up for 7 years after diagnosis remain stable in renal function, and the other patient who had followed-up for 4 years after diagnosis showed persistent nephrotic-range proteinuria.
Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Korea ; Mesangial Cells ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Proteinuria ; Young Adult

The term type II membranoproliferarive glomerulonephritis (MPGN) refers to the histopathologic entity characterized by dense intramembranous deposits. It have a variable clincal courses, frequently occurs in older children and young adult. In comparison with The western, the idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) has a lower frequency than secondary MPGN. Especially, of the idiopathic MPGN, the frequency of type 2 MPGN, so called dense deposit disease, is very rare in Korea. We are reporting two cases of type II MPGN, which was proven by renal biopsy. The clinical manifestations were recurrent gross hematuria in one patient and persistent nephrotic-ranged proteinuria in the other patient. The biopsy findings are characterized by diffuse wall thickening of capillary walls and focal proliferation of mesangial cell in light microscopy, and by capillary wall and granular basement membrane staining of C3 in immunofluorescence microscopy, and an irregular fusiform swelling of the lamina densa which resulting in a further thickening of basement of basement membrane in electron microscopy. Our two patients were treated conservatively without using steroid or immunosuppressive agents. One patient who had followed-up for 7 years after diagnosis remain stable in renal function, and the other patient who had followed-up for 4 years after diagnosis showed persistent nephrotic-range proteinuria.
Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Korea ; Mesangial Cells ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Proteinuria ; Young Adult

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of restrictive ventilatory defect and to determine the risk factors in subjects with spirometrically-defined restrictive ventilatory defect. We used the population-based, fourth-2, 3 (2008, 2009) and fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to analyze 15,073 subjects, aged > or =40 yr who underwent spirometry. Chest radiographs were also analyzed to identify restrictive lung disease. Spirometrically-defined restrictive ventilatory defect (FEV1/FVC> or =70% and FVC<80% of mean predicted value) was detected in 11.3% (n= 1,709) of subjects aged > or =40 yr. The prevalence increased to 12.3% on using the lower limit of normal (LLN) criteria. Approximately 99.4% of subjects were classified as mild restrictive. Among these, 11.3% had inactive tuberculosis (TB) lesion, 2.2% cardiac disease, 2.0% previous operation scar or radiation injury and/or mediastinal disease, and 7.4% other pulmonary disease suggestive of restrictive lung diseases on chest radiograph. Evidence of previous TB history was independently associated with restrictive ventilatory defect (odds ratios [OR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.18) after adjustment for gender, age, smoking, area for residence and body mass index. The prevalence of restrictive ventilatory defect among the nationwide population in Korea was 11.3% with fixed ratio criterion and 12.3% with LLN criterion. Most cases were of the mild restrictive category and previous TB history is the independent risk factor for restrictive ventilatory defect.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Educational Status ; Female ; Health Care Surveys ; Housing ; Humans ; Income ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive/*diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking/*epidemiology ; Spirometry/*statistics & numerical data