Although ischemic colitis is often considered to be a condition occurred in elderly patients or in patients with vascular diseases, it also can occur in younger healthy persons. Some drugs, such as oral contraceptives, may play an important role in the development of ischemic colitis in young women. However, constipation also can play an important role in this condition. We recently experienced a case of reversible ischemic colitis of a young woman, who had been suffered from obstructive type of chronic constipation, after taking a laxative and enema. We report this case with literature review. Proper managements and educations in patients with chronic constipation should be emphasized.
Aged ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Constipation* ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Vascular Diseases

Invasive aspergillosis has been increasing as the number of severe immunocompromised hosts rises. Particularly, in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients, incidence of invasive aspergillosis ranges from 4 to 10%. Even with appropriate treatment, the prognosis of invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic HSCT recipients remains poor, showing high mortality rate. Herein, we report a case where invasive aspergillosis in a patient with acute myelogeneous leukemia progressed to disseminated aspergillosis after allogeneic HSCT. A 31-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia had invasive aspergillosis after third reinduction chemotherapy. After administering amphotericin B, the patient underwent the wedge resection of lung, and HLA-matched allogeneic HSCT was then conducted. On day 14 of transplantation, the patient died of disseminated aspergillosis, including possible cerebritis and endocarditis despite the amphotericin B therapy.
Adult ; Amphotericin B ; Aspergillosis* ; Drug Therapy ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lung ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Stem Cell Transplantation

Invasive aspergillosis has been increasing as the number of severe immunocompromised hosts rises. Particularly, in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients, incidence of invasive aspergillosis ranges from 4 to 10%. Even with appropriate treatment, the prognosis of invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic HSCT recipients remains poor, showing high mortality rate. Herein, we report a case where invasive aspergillosis in a patient with acute myelogeneous leukemia progressed to disseminated aspergillosis after allogeneic HSCT. A 31-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia had invasive aspergillosis after third reinduction chemotherapy. After administering amphotericin B, the patient underwent the wedge resection of lung, and HLA-matched allogeneic HSCT was then conducted. On day 14 of transplantation, the patient died of disseminated aspergillosis, including possible cerebritis and endocarditis despite the amphotericin B therapy.
Adult ; Amphotericin B ; Aspergillosis* ; Drug Therapy ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lung ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Stem Cell Transplantation

The indolent nature and favorable outcomes associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma have prompted numerous prospective studies on active surveillance (AS) and its adoption as an alternative to immediate surgery in managing low-risk thyroid cancer. This article reviews the current status of AS, as outlined in various international practice guidelines. AS is typically recommended for tumors that measure 1 cm or less in diameter and do not exhibit aggressive subtypes on cytology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. To determine the most appropriate candidates for AS, factors such as tumor size, location, multiplicity, and ultrasound findings are considered, along with patient characteristics like medical condition, age, and family history. Moreover, shared decision-making, which includes patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and cost-effectiveness, is essential. During AS, patients undergo regular ultrasound examinations to monitor for signs of disease progression, including tumor growth, extrathyroidal extension, or lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, while AS is a feasible and reliable approach for managing lowrisk thyroid cancer, it requires careful patient selection, effective communication for shared decision-making, standardized follow-up protocols, and a clear definition of disease progression.

The purpose of this study is to propose learning objectives in social dental hygiene by analyzing and reviewing learning objectives in oral health administration area of the existing public oral health. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study selected with convenience extraction were 15 members of the social dental hygiene subcommittee of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science. Data collection was conducted by self-filling questionnaire. The research tool is from 48 items of A division in the book of learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination, and this study classified each of them into ‘dental hygiene job relevance’, ‘dental hygiene competency relevance’, ‘timeliness’, and ‘value discrimination of educational goal setting’ to comprise 192 items. Also, to collect expert opinions, this study conducted Delphi survey on 7 academic experts. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 program (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Recoding was performed according to the degree of relevance of each learning objective and frequency analysis was performed. This study removed 18 items from the whole learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination in the oral health administration area of public oral health. Fifteen revisions were made and 15 existing learning objectives were maintained. Forty-five learning objectives were proposed as new social dental hygiene learning objectives. The topics of learning objectives are divided into social security and medical assistance, oral health care system, oral health administration, and oral health policy. As a result of this study, it was necessary to construct the learning objectives of social dental hygiene in response to changing situation at the time. The contents of education should be revised in order of revision of learning objectives, development of competency, development of learning materials, and national examination.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data Collection ; Dental Hygienists ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Education ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Learning* ; Medical Assistance ; Oral Health* ; Oral Hygiene* ; Social Security

Background/Aims: This study evaluated the long-term cardiovascular complications among Korean patients with hypertension and compared them with that of controls without hypertension. Methods: The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) enrolled 11,043 patients with hypertension and followed them for more than 10 years. Age- and sex-matched controls without hypertension were enrolled at a 1:10 ratio. We compared the incidence of cardiovascular events and death among patients and controls without hypertension. Results: The mean age was 59 years, and 34.8% and 16.5% of the patients belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. During the 10-year follow-up, 1,591 cardiovascular events (14.4%) with 588 deaths (5.3%) occurred among patients with hypertension and 7,635 cardiovascular events (6.9%) with 4,826 deaths (4.4%) occurred among controls. Even the low-risk population with hypertension showed a higher cardiovascular event rate than the population without hypertension. Although blood pressure measurements in the clinic showed remarkable inaccuracy compared with those measured in the national health examinations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 150 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions This long-term follow-up study confirmed the cardiovascular event rates among Korean hypertensive patients were substantial, reaching 15% in 10 years. SBP levels ≥ 150 mmHg were highly associated with occurrence of cardiovascular event rates.