OBJECTIVES: The common differentially expressed mRNAs in brain, heart and liver tissues of deceased sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infectious sudden death in infancy (ISDI) confirmed by autopsy was screened by bioinformatics to explore the common molecular markers and pathogenesis of SIDS and ISDI. METHODS: The datasets of GSE70422 and GSE136992 were downloaded, the limma of R software was used to screen differentially expressed mRNA in different tissue samples of SIDS and ISDI decedents for overlapping analysis. The clusterProfiler of R software was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, while the hub gene was screened by cytoHubba plug-in. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, there were 19 significant differentially expressed genes in the tissue samples of SIDS and ISDI decedents, among which 16 in the heart tissue and 3 in the liver tissue, and the astrotactin 1 (ASTN1) gene expression difference in the heart tissue was most significant. The PPI network identified Ras homolog family member A (RHOA), integrin subunit alpha 1 (ITGA1), and H2B clustered histone 5 (H2BC5) were hub genes. The analysis of GO and KEGG showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the molecular pathways of actin cytoskeleton regulation, focal adhesion and response to mycophenolic acid. CONCLUSIONS ASTN1, RHOA and ITGA1 may participate in the development of SIDS and ISDI. The enrichment of differentially expressed genes in immune and inflammatory pathways suggests a common molecular regulatory mechanism between SIDS and ISDI. These findings are expected to provide new biomarkers for molecular anatomy and forensic identification of SIDS and ISDI.
Humans ; Infant ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Sudden Infant Death/genetics* ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Protein Interaction Maps/genetics* ; Computational Biology

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carnitine Acyltransferases ; deficiency ; genetics ; China ; Founder Effect ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; Sudden Infant Death ; genetics

Complement C4 ; genetics ; Environmental Pollution ; adverse effects ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection ; complications ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Sudden Infant Death ; classification ; diagnosis ; etiology ; prevention & control

PURPOSE: Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disoder of beta oxidation of fatty acids and characterized by episodic hypoglycemia, vomiting, convulsion, encephalopathy, apnea, and sudden death related to fasting or infection resembling Reye syndrome or sudden infant death syndrome. In acute stage, mortality rate is very high and survivors have significant risk of developmental disability and chronic somatic illness. However, the high mortality and morbidity can be totally prevented by appropriate dietary management on the basis of early and accurate diagnosis. Recently, a single point mutation (A985G) in the MCAD gene has been described that accounts for most of MCAD deficiency. The prevalence of MCAD deficiency shows marked racial differences. And population-based DNA screening for this potentially fatal disorder might be justified in countries with high frequency of the mutation. The prevalence of A985G mutation in the MCAD gene was studied in neonates using Guthrie cards for neonatal screening. METHODS: Dried blood spots on Guthrie cards originally used for neonatal screening programs obtained from 500 live newborn babies born in a private obstetric clinic or Seoul Red Cross Hospital in Seoul during the period from Jan. 1, 1995 to Jul. 31, 1995 were collected. DNA was extracted from the dried blood spots, and a segment of the MCAD gene was amplified from the DNA using polymerase chain reaction technique. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel after treatment of a restriction enzyme, NcoI. And the restriction pattern was analyzed with ethidium bromide staining of the gel. RESULTS: The PCR was successful with all DNAs from Guthrie cards. And the A to G transition at nucleotide position 985 in the MCAD gene was not demonstrated in any of the specimen. Conlusions : 1) The frequency of A985G mutation in the MCAD gene is extremely low in Korean population. 2) The methodology used in this study can be applied to population-based molecular genetic studies for other hereditary diseases.
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase* ; Apnea ; Death, Sudden ; Developmental Disabilities ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Ethidium ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mass Screening ; Molecular Biology ; Mortality ; Neonatal Screening ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence* ; Red Cross ; Reye Syndrome ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Sudden Infant Death ; Survivors ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disoder of beta oxidation of fatty acids and characterized by episodic hypoglycemia, vomiting, convulsion, encephalopathy, apnea, and sudden death related to fasting or infection resembling Reye syndrome or sudden infant death syndrome. In acute stage, mortality rate is very high and survivors have significant risk of developmental disability and chronic somatic illness. However, the high mortality and morbidity can be totally prevented by appropriate dietary management on the basis of early and accurate diagnosis. Recently, a single point mutation (A985G) in the MCAD gene has been described that accounts for most of MCAD deficiency. The prevalence of MCAD deficiency shows marked racial differences. And population-based DNA screening for this potentially fatal disorder might be justified in countries with high frequency of the mutation. The prevalence of A985G mutation in the MCAD gene was studied in neonates using Guthrie cards for neonatal screening. METHODS: Dried blood spots on Guthrie cards originally used for neonatal screening programs obtained from 500 live newborn babies born in a private obstetric clinic or Seoul Red Cross Hospital in Seoul during the period from Jan. 1, 1995 to Jul. 31, 1995 were collected. DNA was extracted from the dried blood spots, and a segment of the MCAD gene was amplified from the DNA using polymerase chain reaction technique. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel after treatment of a restriction enzyme, NcoI. And the restriction pattern was analyzed with ethidium bromide staining of the gel. RESULTS: The PCR was successful with all DNAs from Guthrie cards. And the A to G transition at nucleotide position 985 in the MCAD gene was not demonstrated in any of the specimen. Conlusions : 1) The frequency of A985G mutation in the MCAD gene is extremely low in Korean population. 2) The methodology used in this study can be applied to population-based molecular genetic studies for other hereditary diseases.
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase* ; Apnea ; Death, Sudden ; Developmental Disabilities ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Ethidium ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mass Screening ; Molecular Biology ; Mortality ; Neonatal Screening ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence* ; Red Cross ; Reye Syndrome ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Sudden Infant Death ; Survivors ; Vomiting

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Death, Sudden ; etiology ; Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase ; deficiency ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases ; genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Brugada Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Channelopathies ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Electrocardiography ; Genetic Testing ; Heart Conduction System ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Long QT Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Muscle Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; genetics ; Sodium Channels ; genetics ; Sudden Infant Death ; etiology

Timothy syndrome, long QT syndrome type 8, is highly malignant with ventricular tachyarrhythmia. A 30-month-old boy had sudden cardiac arrest during anesthesia induction before plastic surgery for bilateral cutaneous syndactyly. After successful resuscitation, prolonged QT interval (QTc, 0.58-0.60 sec) and T-wave alternans were found in his electrocardiogram. Starting beta-blocker to prevent further tachycardia and collapse event, then there were no more arrhythmic events. The genes KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1 and 2, and SCN5A were negative for long QT syndrome. The mutation p.Gly406Arg was confirmed in CACNA1C, which maintains L-type calcium channel depolarization in the heart and other systems.
Anesthesia/*adverse effects ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/*genetics ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/*etiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Infant ; Long QT Syndrome/*genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methyl Ethers/adverse effects ; Nitric Oxide/adverse effects ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Surgery, Plastic ; Syndactyly/diagnosis/*genetics/surgery