Authors carried out the experimental study to investigate whether the Paragonimus westermani would uptake the blood in the parasitic definitive host, and also tried for the amount and distribution of the blood which would be harbored in a worm body, and so on. Experimental animals used in this study were dogs and cats, and they were infected with metacercariae of P. westermani. Several months later of the infection, Cr(51) tagged red blood cells were administered to each animal, and the animals were sacrificed and autopsy was done after 24 or 48 hrs of the administration. One part of the detected P. westermani adult worms of each animal were bred in Tyrode's solution and the others were killed by fixing in formalin solution. By Well-type scintillation counter, the radioactivities were measured for the alive and killed worms and of the blood of each experimental animal which was collected at autopsy . In conclusion, it was found that P. westermani worms uptake blood in parasitic definitive host, and amount of the blood harboring in a worm of 56 infection-days(size of worm; 4 x 3 x 1 mm) was 0.002 ml, 0.004 or 0.005 ml in 103 infection-days(size of worm: 8 x 5 x 3 mm) and 0.011 ml in 217 infection-days(size of worm: 9 x 7 x 4 mm). Almost of the whole blood uptaked in the worms was distributed in intestine. It was observed that the blood uptaked in the worm body was excreted continuously through the excretory pore, so that the radioactivity could not measured almost completely in cases of 24 hrs-breeding worms.
parasitology ; helminth ; trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; metabolism ; biochemistry ; red blood cell ; Cr(51) ; Tyrode's solution

This investigation was undertaken to clarify the in vitro effect of the various stimulations, such as exercise (E), insulin (I) direct electrical stimulation (EST) and the combinations of the above, on the glucose incorporation intro glycogen molecules (glycogen synthesis) of the normal slow (soleus) and fast twitch (plantaris) muscles, and the different responses of slow and fast twitch muscles to persistent overloads causing compensatory muscle hypertrophy. In resting state, slow twitch muscle has greater capacity for glycogen synthesis than fast twitch muscle, and responses of different muscle to various stimuli were differ as follows: In slow twitch muscle, the glycogen synthesis was increased by insulin, and electrical stimulation but not increased by exercise; exercise increased insulin sensitivity and the effect of electrical stimulation. Whereas the glycogen synthesis in fast twitch muscle was increased only by the stimuli combined with E and EST, and E, I, and EST. As the result of removal of synergistic muscle, both muscles were hypertrophied, and the degree of hypertrophy in response to persistent overload was higher in fast twitch muscle (182%) than slow twitch muscle (151%). In hypertrophied muscles, glycogen synthesis of soleus in any groups was lower than that of the control, but similar in plantaris. In conclusions, there were marked heterogeneity in different muscle fiber in the effects of exercise and insulin addition and electrical stimulation on muscle glycogen synthesis, and fast twitch muscle may be adapted more easily to that kind of persistent overload than slow twitch muscle.
Electric Stimulation ; Glucose* ; Glycogen* ; Hypertrophy ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Muscles* ; Population Characteristics

No abstract available.
Animals ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin ; Rats

In the experimental rabbits which were previously infected with Clonorchis sinensis and were thereafter administered with Dithiazanine iodide, the patho-histological and some histochemical changes were observed in the healed liver(76 days after stoppage of egg excretion). And also, the patho-histological changes which appeared in the infected and healed livers respectively were compared from each other. The following results and conclusion were obtained. In the infected group, grossly the liver showed a considerable increase of its weight, an increased vascular marking of its surfaces and an increase in consistency and thickness of the bile ducts. However, the healed group grossly showed no remarkable changes in the liver. In the infected group, microscopically the liver showed a marked adenomatous hyperplasia of bile ducts, proliferation of bile ductules and marked periductal and periductular fibrosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in portal spaces. A histochemical study showed that the increased fibrous tissue consists largely with collagenous fibers and partly with reticulum fibers. In the group with healed liver microscopically the liver showed much improvement in the histopathological changes compared to those of the infected group. In the healed lover there remained only slight histopathological changes mainly in portal spaces of the liver, such as considerably diminished periductal and periductular fibrosis. The slightly increased fibrous tissue consists largely with reticulum fibers and partly with collagen fibers.
parasitology ; helminth ; trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; chemotherapy ; histology ; pathology ; Dithiazanine iodide ; histochemistry ; liver ; Dithiazanine iodide ; collagen ; reticulum

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Pneumocytes* ; Pneumonectomy* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Cross Infection*

The effect of exercise on plasma insulin, free fatty acid, and glucose uptake and glycogen concentration in soleus, and intravenous glucose tolerance of streptozotocin treated, diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Diabetic-trained animals were subjected to a regular program of treadmill running for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last training session, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was studied in incubated strips (about 20 mg) of soleus muscle in vitro. Glucose tolerance was measured with intravenous infusion of 0.5 g glucose/kg body weight. In diabetic rats, training was associated with increase glucose uptake in basal and maximal insulin concentrations, decreased fasting glucose concentrations, and increased muscle glycogen levels, but there were no changes in glucose tolerance curve and plasma insulin concentrations. These results suggest that regular running program for 4 weeks improve responsiveness of insulin on soleus muscle, but fails to cause improvement of impaired intravenous glucose tolerance in mild degree streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Exercise* ; Fasting ; Glucose Tolerance Test* ; Glucose* ; Glycogen ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Insulin ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Running ; Streptozocin*

Authors carried out the survey for human paragonimiasis in Ko-Hoong County, Chun-Nam Province, Korea from July to September 1964 by the use of intradermal screening test with Veronal buffered saline antigen. Eight myuns (village) out of 13 myuns of this county were selected for the survey, regarding balanced selection. The number of 2,916 primary school children of high class and 764 residents of all age groups in these areas were examined (total 3,680; male 1,961; female 1,719). The following results were obtained in this survey. As a whole, 20.1 per cent of the examiners showed positive reaction, with sexual difference of 20.9 per cent in male and 19.1 per cent in female. In regional differences of positive rate, the highest rate(50.1 per cent) was showed at Po-Doo myun and lowest rate(3.6 per cent) was showed at Do-Yang myun. In age group, the highest positive rate was showed in 16 to 20 age group (46.7 per cent). In regional comparison of paragonimiasis infectivity of whole nation (province and county), Ko-Hoong County as nearly same as the Hea-Nam County, Chun-Nam Province follows next of Cheju Province, the highest prevalance area of paragonimiasis in Korea, in concentration of prevalence of paragonimiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus westermani ; skin test ; epidemiology ; Veronal buffered saline antigen

Authors carried out experimental study on chemotherapy with oral administration of Dithiazanine iodide (D.I.) and Bithionol sulfoxide(B.S.) in rabbit clonorchiasis. And the following result was obtained. In change of the E.P.G (eggs per gram feces) by D.I. administration, it was rather increased in early stage of the administration than prior to administration, and thereafter decreased gradually. In the change of the C.S. worm body by D.I. administration, there was not only prominent change of supporting tissue but also the change of reproductive organ was found. In considering the wormicidal effect of D.I. from detecting rate of survival worms, the effect was slight in group of 100 mg(80 mg/kg) per day dosage, but the effects were very excellent and almost complete by proper times of administration in groups of 200 mg (130 mg/kg) per day or higher dosage. But the side effect and intoxication sign of D.I. were appearent in groups of 200 mg or higher dosage. By B.S. administration, E.P.G. was decreased gradually. In changes of the C.S. worm body by B.S. administration, prominent inhibitory chnnge was seen in egg formation ability. Slight wormicidal effect of B.S. was observed in groups of 140 mg (100 mg/kg) per day or higher dosage. Side effect and intoxication sign of B.S. were found little in groups of 140 mg or lesser dosage.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; chemotherapy ; Dithiazanine iodide ; Bithionol sulfoxide ; rabbit

The effect of persistant mild hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia on the development of the insulin resistance in rats was studied in vivo. Also, the characteristics of the insulin resistance compared with the insulin resistance of STZ diabetic rats. Persistant mild hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic rat model was produced by ingestion of glucose polymer for 8 days. The glucose disappearance and infusion rate was measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to"Imique at steady state of blood glucose and insulin levels. The clamped level of blood glucose was 100 mg/dl, and the clamped levels of insulin were 70 pU/ml (physiologic condition) and 3000 pU/ml (supramaximal condition). Hepatic glucose producticon rate was calculated using measured data. And the glycogen synthetic capacity of skeletal muscle(soleus) and liver was measured after 2 hours of hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study. The glucose disappearance and glucose infusion rate in glucose polymer group was decreased in the both physiological and supramaximal insulin level compared to the rate of the normal control group. The rate of STZ diabetic group wase lowest at supramaximal insulin level among two another experimental groups. The hepatic glucose production rate of glucose polymer group was decreased compared to normal control but increased in STZ diabetic group.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Eating ; Glucans ; Glucose ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Glycogen ; Hyperinsulinism* ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Liver ; Models, Animal ; Rats*