One hundred and forty-five specimens of positive bacteriology, obtained from patients admitted to the Orthopedic Department of Seoul National University Hospital during the period from January, 1970 to March, 1973, were reviewed with respect to their causative microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity. The results were also compared with reports previously published from the same department. Following observations were made: 1. The identified microorganisms were of 9 species. Of these, the coagulase positive and negative Staphylococcus continues to be the most frequent offender occupying 62.1% of the total. 2. Of the Staphylococcus, the penicillin-resistant strains were proved in 84.6% of the series, a significant increase over the previous reports. 3. The Streptococcus, formerly the second-most frequent causative organism, occupied only 4.0% of the total suggesting a marked decrease in incidence over the last decade. 4. On the other hand, the Pseudomonas occupied 11.7% of the total when mixed infections are included and together with other Gram-negative bacilli revealed a remarkable increase in incidence during the same period.
Bacteriology ; Coagulase ; Coinfection ; Criminals ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Orthopedics ; Pseudomonas ; Seoul ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus

No abstract available.
Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Osteoblasts*

No abstract available.

Although it is well established that steroid is effective for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), the action mechanism of steroid on NRDS is not well known. Several authors have insisted that steroid increases secretion of pulmonary surfactant from type II pneumocyte, but others have insisted that steroid does not affect the secretory function of the type II pneumocyte. And some authors have suggested that steroid may cause compositional change of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid. From these aspects, it is desirable to confirm the effect of steroid on the secretory function of the type II pneumocyte. In order to know the effect of steroid on pulmonary surfactant activity, phospholipid phosphorus of lung lavage was measured and composition of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid of lung lavage was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in control (c), pneumonectomized (PN), and pneumonectomized with betamethasone treated (PNS) rabbits. And lung weight and lung weight-body weight ratio were measured in each experimental group also. In PN group, right lung pneumonectomy was performed as PN group, and one day after the surgery, betamethasone was injected for four days intramusculary (4 mg/day) and rabbits were sacrificed. The experiment yielded following results. PNS group's lung weight was significantly (p<0.01) heavier than C group's, but in comparison with PN group's it showed no significant change. PNS group's L/B ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher than C group's, but compared with PN group's it showed no significant change. The value of phospholipid phosphorus content of PNS group was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of C group. Even if the value of phospholipid phosphorus content in PNS group was not significantly higher than that of PN group, it showed increasing tendency compared with that of PN group. And in an analysis of the thin layer chromatogram, quantity (µmol/gm of wet weight lung) of phosphatidylcholine in PNS group decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared with C and PN group. From these results, it may be suggested that though steroid inhibits cellular hyperplasia in the compensatory growing lung, it auguments the secretory function of type II pneumocyte and causes compositional change of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid.
Betamethasone* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Hyperplasia ; Lung ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphorus ; Pneumocytes ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Surfactants* ; Rabbits* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn

No abstract available.
Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.
Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Foot*

No abstract availble.

Onychomycosis can be diagnosed by mycological examination, but it is not easy to detect its causative organisms because the positive rate of culture is lower and its scores are variable due to the contamination inherently introduced in the current method used in sampling the ovychomycosis organisms. It was suggested that the scores depended upon the handicraft of operates and the gainning method of nail material, so we modeled the watch mending drivers into the punching instruments, and holed deeply & widly through the nail plate, from the surface to the bottom. Afterward, the KOH mount & culture were performed to compare this new punch method used with that of standard scrapping method. Through the KOH examination more numerous hypaes were found in the punch methods sample than the scrapping methods sample. Also, the punch methods positive culture rate was found to be 2. 5 times higher than that of the scrapping methods culture rate, with a 5 to 5. 5 times lower amount of contamination. In conclusion, the punch method was found to be a more precise and effective method of obtaining onychomycosis organisms. Although this method required a slight greater time to perform than the standard scrapping method, I believe it will be a valuable aid in the detection of causative organisms of onychamycosis.
Onychomycosis*

Infection is one of the most serious complications following total hip replacement arthroplasty. Many modifications of procedures have been advocated in order to reduce the rate of infection with varying success. Incorporation of antibiotic to bone cement is one such approach. However, there still remains some reluctancy to adopt this method on account of dubious antibiotic effect at the expense of weakening of physical properties. Possible emergence of resistant organisms and hypersensitivity are additional drawbacks to be considered. The present experiments were undertaken to study the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of cement-antibiotic admixtures in vitro and in vivo as well as change of physical properties produced by the incorporation. As conclusions, antibiotic-mixed bone cements have evident effects on growth of inoculated organisms sensitive to added antibiotics whereas cured bone cement itself has been proved not to have any antibacterial activity. The leaching of antibiotics occurs fairly soon, the great majority of the amount within several days. The rest shows slow, delayed leaching over period of three weeks. The weakening of physical properties was not so significant to forbid the application. Resistance to tensile and bending stress was more reduced than that to compression stress. The mixing of two antibiotics(Cephaloridine and Gentamicin powder) together to bone cement revealed double-edged effectiveness to either of gram-positive or negative organisms without any significant illeffects on hardness of cured cement, It is suggested that mixture of two antibiotics to bone cement renders broader blind coverage to unknown causative micro-organisms of postoperative deep infection of total hip replacement arthroplasty.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Cements ; Gentamicins ; Hardness ; Hypersensitivity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Microbial Viability ; Polymethyl Methacrylate