PURPOSE: To establish signal intensity characteristics of the trachea according to the histologic layers, we performed in vivo and in vitro MR studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed MR imaging of the trachea at 1.5T unit in 11 patients mediastinal masses, vascular anomalies, tracheal stenosis or iatrogenic tracheoesophageal fistula, aryepiglottic fold thickening or mass, tracheal carcinoid, one healthy volunteer and one cadaveric trachea. By using anterior, volume neck or 3 inch dual coil with various pulse sequences, axial and coronal images of the trachea were obtained. The tracheal layers with different signal intensity on MR images were correlated with the histology. RESULTS: In vivo and in vitro MR studies revealed two layers of the trachea ;the inner layer had intermediate to high signal and the outer had low signal. The tracheal cartilage showed low signal intensity in all pulse sequences. The submucosa appeared as intermediate signal intensity on T1 weighted images but high signal intersity on other images due to its abundant mucous and mucoserous glands. However, the mucosa and perichondrium could not be defined on MR images. CONCLUSION: Characterization of the signal intensity according to the histologic layers of the trachea might be helpful for the evaluation of intrinsic lesions of the irachea or the possibility of tracheal invasion from the adjacent tumors.
Cadaver ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Cartilage ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

No abstract available.
Thrombocytosis*

Epidermoid cyst of the testis is a rare benign neoplasm. This neoplasm was initially described by Dockerty and Priestley in 1942. We report one case of epidermoid cyst of the testis with review of literatures.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Testis*

Clinical observations were made on the injuries of the genito-urinary tract of the in-patients in the Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period from January, 1971 to December, 1975. The results were as follows. Of 732 Cases hospitalized, 180 cases were injury of the genitourinary tract, giving a rate of 24. 6%. Most favorable age was in from 20 to 39 years for about 50%. The sex ratio, male to female, was 5.4 : 1. The urethra was involved most frequently (32.5%), the external genitalia in 20.4 %, the bladder in 13.6 % and the ureter in 3.7%. Traffic accident was the most frequent cause of the injury (36.1%) and the next was kick and blow, fall from a height etc. In detail, traffic accident was the most frequent cause of the renal, bladder and urethral injuries. The most ureter injury was iatrogenic. The kick and blow was the most frequent cause of the injuries of the external genitalia. Contusion was the most frequent type of 57 renal injuries (35 cases). On observations of 57 renal injuries, 41 cases were treated conservatively, and operation was performed in 16 cases (nephrectomy 10, partial nephrectomy 4, renorrhaphy 2.). In 26 bladder injuries, extraperitoneal type (15 cases) was more than the intraperitoneal type (11 cases). 10 cases were associated with pelvic bone fracture (38. 5%), On 28 cases out of 62 urethral injuries were associated with pelvic bone fracture (45.2%).
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Female ; Genitalia ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvic Bones ; Sex Ratio ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

An unusual case of tumor arising in huge vesical diverticulum combined with benign prostatic hyperplasia in a 63 year old male is presented with brief review of literatures.
Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular thrombus is a common complication after acute myocardial infarction. Methods and RESULTS: To Study the incidence of left ventricular thrombosis (LVT) after acute myocardial infarction, we performed serial two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-Echo) in 35 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction prospectively ; 10 patients had inferior wall myocardial infarction, 25 patients had anterior wall myocardial infarction. 2D-Echo was obtained within 3 days of acute myocardial infarction, at 4-10 days after symptom onset, and 2-4 weeks after symptom onset serially in each case. 19 out of 35 patients received thrombolytic therapy with urokinase. Left ventricular thrombi were identified in 9(25.7%) of the 35 study patients. The location of myocardial infarction was anterior and apical in all cases with left ventricular thrombi. The shape of thrombi was mural in 6 cases and protruding in 3 cases. The incidence of left ventricular thrombi in patients who received urokinase was not significantly different from that in patients who didn't(31.9% vs 18.8%,p=0.22). Wall motion score was significantly higher in patients who developed left ventricular thrombi than in patients who had no left ventricular thrombus(8.2+/-1.9 vs 5.8+/-2.6, p<0.005). All thrombi appeared within 10 days after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Thus left ventricular thrombi develops within 10 days following myocardial infarction with large anterior and apical location. The thrombolysis therapy has no effect in the incidence of left ventricular thrombi in this study. But because of confounding effect of thrombolysis and location of myocardial infarction and extent of myocardial infarction, further investigation is needed.
Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prospective Studies ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

The long term administration of anti-convulsants on children with convulsive disorders may cause osteomalacia, depending on the dosage, duration, type and combination of anti-convulsants administred. Fifteen children, comprising 10 male and 5 female, dignosed with convulsive disorders and administered with phenobarbital for a long term period of more than 9 months but less than 84 months and 15 healthy children of a similar age-group were selected for the investigation the density of she spinal backbone of each individual was measured by means of the "QDR-2000 X-ray bone densitometer's (made by Hologic company) which uses the double energy X-ray absorption technique. The levels of serum calcium, phosphrus and alkaline phosphatase for each child were also measured for comparative analysis. The results were as follows: 1) The mean bone density for the healthy group of chlidren was 0.69+/-0.09g/cm(2) and that for the group of children administered with phenobarbital was 0.59+/-0.07cm(2) indicating a significant decrease in density for the latter group (p<0.05). 2) As for the relationship between the duration of phenonbarbital and the decrease in bone mineral density, 5 of 6 patients(83%) administered with phenobarbital for more than 4 years showed a decrease in bone mineral density and 5 of 9 patients (56%) administered with phenobarbital for less than 4 years showed a decrease in bone mineral density. 3) the mean vitamin D level for the healthy group of chlidren was 26.8+/-2.5pg/ml indicating a significant decrease in vitamin D3 level for this group(p<0.05). 4) The mean serum alkaline phospatase evel for the health group of children was 240+/-50u/L and 462+/-110u/L for those administered with phenobarbital. This indicate a significant increase in ALP for phenobarbital group(p<0.05). 5) The posphorus and calcium levels were within the normal range for all the groups of children.
Absorption ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cholecalciferol ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteomalacia ; Phenobarbital* ; Reference Values ; Vitamin D

PTCA has been widely applied in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease since 1977. The PTCA was performed on a total of 25 patients (19 men and 6 women) from Feburary 1988 to January 1990 at Inje University Baik Hospital. Their mean age was 51.4+/-10.1 years. The 20 patients had unstable angina, and 5 patients had stable angina. The 6 patients had a previous myocardial infarction. The 17 patients had one vessel disease, 6 patients had two vessel disease and 2 patients had three vessel disease. Primary success was achieved in 24 of 25 patients. The mean degree of stenosis was reduced from 80.7+/-2.9% to 16.2+/-3.3% (p<0.01). After PTCA, pain was relieved or subsided in all patients. In 6 patients, mild chest pain has reccured during the short term follow up. Repeat PTCA was performed in 2 of 6 patients successfully. Complications occurred in 3 patients ; coronary artery spasm, ventricular fibrillation and femoral artery hematoma in each patients.
Angina, Stable ; Angina, Unstable ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* ; Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Femoral Artery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Spasm ; Ventricular Fibrillation

Soft tissue filler injection has been a very common procedure worldwide since filler injection was first introduced for soft tissue augmentation. Currently, filler is used in various medical fields with satisfactory results, but the number of complications is increasing due to the increased use of filler. The complications after filler injection can occur at any time after the procedure, early and delayed, and they range from minor to severe. In this review, based on our experience and previously published other articles, we suggest a treatment algorithm to help wound healing and tissue regeneration and generate good aesthetic results with early treatment in response to the side effects of filler. Familiarity with the treatment of these rare complications is essential for achieving the best possible outcome.
Algorithms ; Biocompatible Materials/*therapeutic use ; Connective Tissue/*surgery ; Face/surgery ; Guided Tissue Regeneration/*methods ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Injections ; Skin Aging ; Surgery, Plastic/*methods ; Tissue Engineering/*methods ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the incidence and variation of the meniscofemoral ligament in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 MR studies of 95 patients were reviewed with special attention to the appearance and incidence of the meniscofemoral ligaments. The ligament of Wrisberg was classified according to proximal insertion: type I, insertion at the posterofemoral condyle ; type II, insertion at the distal portion of the posteriorcruciate ligament ; type III, insertion at the distal portion of the posterior cruciate ligament. On T2-weighted images, the high signal at the meniscal insertion of the meniscofemoral ligament was classified according to itsshape. RESULTS: The ligament o Humprey was observed in 17 cases and the ligament of Wrisberg was in 90:type I in41 cases;type II, 19 cases;type III, in 28 cases; unclassified, in 2 cases. In 77 cases, the cleft with high signal intensity was seen between the meniscofemoral ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament. CONCLUSION: From our results, the incidence of the ligament of Wrisberg on MRI was moe prevelant than the ligament of Humprey. An exact knowledge of the meniscofemoral ligament could be helpful in distinguishing it from pathologic lesions.
Classification* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament