The effect of acupuncture on substance withdrawl syndromes and craving relapse prevention of the recent 10 years were reviewed as well as its mechanism. The therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism were analyzed on the basis. From the three aspects of anti protracted abstinence symptoms, craving relapse prevention and mechanism of acupuncture, the development tendency and the prospect of application on drug withdrawl with acupuncture were expected. And it is proposed that clinical observation of acupuncture intervention on craving should be developed, the mechanism of acupuncture impact on cognitive behavior, blocking study and memory processing related to drug addiction should be explored, so as to further give play to the advantages of acupuncture on anti-drug addiction.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders ; therapy ; Time Factors

Selection (screening) of acupoints, clinical application of acupoints and mechanisms of acupoints in treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence in recent 10 years are reviewed, considering that the studies of acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence are not enough in the width and depth, especially, lacking deep studies in selection (screening) of acupoints, clinical application of acupoints and the mechanisms. The acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence is a newer field, in future the systematically and scientifically clinical and experimental studies on the acupuncture and moxibustion for drug abstinence should be strengthened, especially, the studies on clinical application of acupoints.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Substance-Related Disorders ; therapy

Drug addiction is a major worldwide medical and social problem.Cocaine,nicotine,methamphetamine,heroin and other psychoactive substances,with small molecular weight,can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and eventually lead to addiction and other serious neuropsychological damage.There is no effective cure for addiction currently.The drug-antibody complex formed on the basis of active or passive immunotherapy could not cross the blood-brain barrier,which reduces the concentration of the free active drug and prevents its distribution in the brain,thereby weakening the drug addiction-related reward effects.It provides a promising way for the treatment of drug addiction.This article reviews the progress of immunotherapy against psychoactive substances such as cocaine,nicotine,methamphetamine and heroin in the past 50 years from the aspects of active immunity,passive immunity,drug metabolism-related enzymes,adjuvants and so on.The goal is to provide some ideas for the development of agents for the treatment of psychoactive substance addiction.
Cocaine ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Methamphetamine ; Nicotine ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy*

OBJECTIVETo investigate an effective method to facilitate the physical and mental recovery of drug abusers in detoxification restoration period.

METHODSIntegrated interventions were adopted to observe the changes in the physical and mental conditions of female drug abusers who had withdrawn drugs.

RESULTSComparing behavioral changes between the two groups before and after intervention, we found that changes of score in the intervention group were all higher than those in the control group in terms of their physical symptoms or state of anxiety.

CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to help drug abusers understand the harm of drug-abuse, build up self-confidence and improve EQ through interventions. It will be beneficial for the drug addicts to refrain from drug-taking and regain a normal life. Our study has proved that positive results can only be obtained from integrated intervention projects.

Adult ; Anxiety ; Counseling ; Female ; Humans ; Self Concept ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance-Related Disorders ; psychology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated trends in the study of phytochemical treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: The Web of Science database (2007-2022) was searched using the search terms "phytochemicals" and "PTSD," and relevant literature was compiled. Network clustering co-occurrence analysis and qualitative narrative review were conducted. RESULTS: Three hundred and one articles were included in the analysis of published research, which has surged since 2015 with nearly half of all relevant articles coming from North America. The category is dominated by neuroscience and neurology, with two journals, Addictive Behaviors and Drug and Alcohol Dependence, publishing the greatest number of papers on these topics. Most studies focused on psychedelic intervention for PTSD. Three timelines show an "ebb and flow" phenomenon between "substance use/marijuana abuse" and "psychedelic medicine/medicinal cannabis." Other phytochemicals account for a small proportion of the research and focus on topics like neurosteroid turnover, serotonin levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. CONCLUSION Research on phytochemicals and PTSD is unevenly distributed across countries/regions, disciplines, and journals. Since 2015, the research paradigm shifted to constitute the mainstream of psychedelic research thus far, leading to the exploration of botanical active ingredients and molecular mechanisms. Other studies focus on anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. Please cite this article as: Gao B, Qu YC, Cai MY, Zhang YY, Lu HT, Li HX, Tang YX, Shen H. Phytochemical interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: A cluster co-occurrence network analysis using CiteSpace. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):385-396.
Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy* ; Hallucinogens/therapeutic use* ; Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy*

INTRODUCTIONInjecting drug abusers are vulnerable to many infectious complications. We describe a case of tetanus in a Singaporean who regularly abused buprenorphine.

CLINICAL PICTUREA 49-year-old male was hospitalised for progressive generalised spasms associated with dysarthria and opisthotonus. Tetanus was diagnosed clinically.

TREATMENTSupportive management was instituted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Toxicology samples tested positive for buprenorphine.

OUTCOMEHe recovered rapidly and was transferred out of the ICU after 8 days. Retrospective questioning confirmed parenteral abuse of buprenorphine.

CONCLUSIONThis case highlights an uncommon and potentially lethal complication of parenteral drug abuse.

Buprenorphine ; Disease Progression ; Dysarthria ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Singapore ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications ; Tetanus ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Child, Preschool ; Constipation ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications

Internet addiction, a kind of behavioral addiction, has recently emerged as a big social issue among Korean adolescents. However, medical researches on the internet addiction has just started. Through a review of the literature on drug addiction and pathologic gambling, which are thought to be similar to the internet addiction, the author summarized biological aspects of internet addiction and currently available medications for the addicts.
Adolescent ; Drug Therapy* ; Gambling ; Humans ; Internet* ; Models, Biological* ; Substance-Related Disorders

Child and adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD) and dysthymic disorder(DD) are common, chronic, familial, and recurrent conditions that usually persist into adulthood. These are not only accompanied by several comorbid disorders(i.e., anxiety disorders and conduct disorders), but also increased risk for suicide, substance abuse, delinquency, school failure, and behavioral problems. Additionally, children and adolescents with MDD and/or DD frequently have poor family, academic, and interpersonal functioning. Thus the importance of early identification, comprehensive diagnosis, and proper treatment of the disorders has been emphasized. The treatment of MDD may be divided into three phases : acute, maintenance, and continuation. In acute phase, psychosocial treatment may be the first-line option for most depressive youth ; however, pharmacotherapy should be considered for a high-risk group. Currently, SSRIs antidepressants are efficacious for the treatment of adolescents with MDD, and have a relatively less side effects. Most clinicians favor the SSRIs as first-line medications for the depressive youth. Because of the high rate of relapse and recurrence of depression, all patients need continuation treatment for at least 6 to 12 months and some patients may require maintenance therapy from 1 year to life-long. All clinicians who are involved with the treatment of depressive youth should foster the effective therapeutic alliance and educate the patient and family about the disorder and its treatment to maintain proper treatment. Finally further research is needed on the several facets of child and adolescent depressive disorders.
Adolescent* ; Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety Disorders ; Child* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Suicide

High relapse rate of drug-dependent patients is a serious problem in the current situation. The present article describes how to design and implement virtual reality technology for drug-dependent patients with psychological treatment, with the aim at the addiction withdrawal. The software was developed based on open-source game engine for 2D models. The form of a game simulates the actual style in the day-to-day living environment of drug-dependent patients and the temptation of using drugs. The software helps the patients deal with different scenarios and different event handling, cause their own thinking, and response to the temptation from high-risk environment and from other drug-dependent patients. The function of the software is close to the real life of drug-dependent patients, and has a prospect to become a new treatment to reduce the relapse rate of drug-dependence.
Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Psychotherapy ; methods ; Software ; Substance-Related Disorders ; psychology ; therapy ; User-Computer Interface ; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy ; methods