No abstract available.
Colon* ; Humans* ; Substance P* ; Tetrodotoxin*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Macrophages* ; Monocytes* ; Substance P*

No abstract available.
Immune System* ; Neuropeptides* ; Substance P*

No abstract available.
Dental Pulp* ; Humans* ; Interleukin-8* ; Substance P*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin* ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Rats* ; Substance P*

BACKGROUND: Despite concern about information of neuropeptide, the has been no baseline study of neuropeptide in Koreans. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the skin sinsitivity of substance P and VIP in normal healthy persoas. METHODS: We prepared 1000pM, 100pM, 10pM solution of substan P 1-11, substnace P 1-7, substnace P 7-11, and VIP. We injected intradermally 50ul of the br ve solutions on 12 sites of both forearms in addition plaebo. We measured the size of the area of flare and wheal along time. We repeated the same test after antihistamine intake. RESULTS: Flare and wheal respinses were dose dependent. Injection of substance P 1-7 did not evoke wheal responses and injection of substance P 7-11 did not wake flare responses. Flare responses of substance P 1-11, ubstance P 7-11, VIP were inhibiteb antihistamine and wheal responses of VIP were inhibitedly antihistamine. CONCLUSION: N-terminal of subtance P is responsible for flarers onses and C-terminal of substnace P is responsible for wieal responses. Flare responses of sisance P were mediated by histamine but wheal responses osubstance P were direct effect on postcapillary venule. Flare and wheal responses of VIF were mediated by histamine.
Forearm ; Histamine ; Humans ; Neuropeptides ; Skin ; Substance P* ; Venules

<p>OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of substance P on cultured rat osteoclasts.p><p>METHODSNeurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor expression in osteoclasts was examined by immunohitochemical method, and changes of bone resorption activity caused by substance P and NK1 receptor antagonists were detected by pit formation assay.p><p>RESULTSImmunoreactivity for NK1 receptor was distributed in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts. The average of pit formation areas significantly increased with addition of substance P (10(-7)-10(-4) mol/L) (P < 0.05), but the number of pitformations did not change (P > 0.05). NK1 receptor antagonists inhibited the enhancement of the bone resorption by substance P addition.p><p>CONCLUSIONThe findings suggested that substance P may stimulate osteoclasts and result in bone resorption by the mediation of NK1 receptor.p>
Animals ; Osteoclasts ; Rats ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; Substance P

BACKGROUND: The effect of substance P (SP) on the hyperalgesia induced by inflammation is controversial, and as SP remains in the periphery just for a short period of time after release from the nerve ending, the contribution of SP on the development of sustained mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with inflammation is questionable. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of SP on the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) using SP antagonist [D-Arg, D-Phe, D-Trp, Leu]-substance P (SPA). METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control (normal saline) and three different doses of SPA (0.25 microgram, 2.5 microgram, 25 microgram/0.1 ml). Inflammation was induced in rats by injecting 0.15 ml of FCA intraplantarly. Rats showed typical hyperalgesia within 12 hours after injection and maintained it for about one week. To test the effect of SPA on the developement of inflammation, either SPA or saline was injected at 1 h before and at the time of FCA injection under light halothane anesthesia after a baseline test. The effect of SPA on hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring mechanical hyperalgesia at 2, 6, 12, 24 hrs and 4 days after injection of the drug. To test the effect of SPA on fully developed inflammation, tests were done 2 days after injection of FCA. Mechanical hyperalgesias were assessed at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after the drug injections. RESULTS: SPA injected to suppress the initial SP spill over decreased the mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose dependent manner. SPA injected after the full development of inflammation also decreased mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS: SP released at the initial phase of inflammation as well as SP released after the development of inflammation are all important for the maintainance of mechanical hyperalgesia.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Halothane ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia* ; Inflammation* ; Male ; Nerve Endings ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance P*

BACKGROUND: Capsaicin induces the release of substance P(SP), and depletes and prevents reaccumulation of SP in C type nerve fibers. Trophic role of SP and the neural mechanisms of hair growth control remain obscure. Minoxidil is widely used as a topical agent for hair loss. OBJECTIVE: The effects of coapplication of capsaicin and minoxidil on hair growth and cycle, compared with application of capsaicin or minoxidil alone, was evaluated. METHODS: After depilation of the back skin of mice, we divided mice into four groups, i.e., control, capsaicin, minoxidil and coapplied group. We examined hair regrowth after depilation in terms of macroscopic examination, image analysis using phototrichograms, measurement of hair regrowth length, microscopic examination and measurement of mast cell count, and [methyl-3H] thymidine uptake. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows; 1. Hair growth of capsaicin group and minoxidil group began faster than that of coapplied group and control. Thereafter, hair growth of capsaicin group was observed as the fastest, followed by minoxidil group, coapplied group, and control. 2. The percentage of the area of hair regrowth in coapplied group was lower than capsaicin group, similar to minoxidil group, and higher than control at the 15th day after depilation. At the 30th day after depilation, there was no significant difference between coapplied group and capsaicin group. 3. Hair of coapplied group grew steadily up to the 30th day after depilation, growing taller than any other group. 4. On microscopic examination, capsaicin was able to make the hair cycle faster and shorter than control, but minoxidil group and coapplied group prolonged the anagen phase of hair cycle. 5. Though mast cell count decreased in all four groups after depilation, capsaicin group decreased significantly more than the other group. 6. [Methyl-3H] thymidine uptake increased in all four groups until the 5th day after depilation, and then decreased. The uptake of coapplied group was similar to that of minoxidil group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that capsaicin can not only induce the anagen phase quickly, but also sustain constant effect on hair growth. Minoxidil can also induce the anagen phase fast, and prolong the duration of anagen phase. Therefore, it is concluded that coapplication of capsaicin and minoxidil can grow hair quickly and steadily.
Animals ; Capsaicin* ; Hair Removal ; Hair* ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Minoxidil* ; Nerve Fibers ; Skin ; Substance P ; Thymidine

The distribution and morphology of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK 8)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, Substance P (SP)- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactivity were examined in the cat superior colliculus (SC) by means of immunohistochemistry. Judging from this study, some neuropeptides-IR neurons may be present in the superficial layers of the sc. And these neurons and neuropeptides may be involved in the functions of the superficial layers.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cats* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neuropeptides ; Substance P ; Superior Colliculi* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide