<p>OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of substance P (SP) on the release of histamine in the human hypertrophic scar tissue, and to explore the prerequisite of their interaction.p><p>METHODSTissue specimens of normal skin and hypertrophic scar from eight hospitalized patients were excised and cut into 0.5 to 1.0 mm3 pieces, and the histamine release by mast cell (MC) under the stimulation of different concentration of SP and calcium, as well as the different affect time of SP, were determined with fluorescence spectrometer. Then the histamine release rate was calculated.p><p>RESULTSThere was obvious release of histamine when SP concentration was 1 x 10(-6) mol/L , and the release rate was (50.0 +/- 3.6) %, which was significantly higher than that by SP in the concentration of 0 mol/L [(44.0 +/- 3.2) %, P < 0.01]. Therefore it seemed to be dose-dependent. About 90% of histamine was released within 15 minutes of 5 x 10(-1) mol/L Substance P stimulation, and it was also time-dependent. The histamine release reached the peak when calcium concentration was 5 x 10(-3) mol/L, which seemed to be dose-dependent, but it decreased transiently when calcium concentration was 1 x 10(-3) mol/L. In all occasions, the influence of SP on the histamine release by MC in hypertrophic scar (HS) was markedly higher than that in normal skin (NS) (P < 0.01). Conclusion The influence of SP on the histamine release by MC in HS was markedly higher than that in NS, and it might be closely related to itching sensation and the formation of hypertrophic scar.p>
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; Female ; Histamine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; metabolism ; Substance P ; pharmacology

<p>OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of substance P (SP) on the functional proteins on plasma membrane of neutrophil (Np).p><p>METHODThe response of Np to SP was examined by measuring the level of respiratory burst, the activities of ACP and ALP, the fluoroscopy intensity of CR3, CD45 and FM-LP.p><p>RESULTSIt was found that SP could increase respiratory burst of Np, decrease the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), but had no effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP). SP could also promote the amount of CD45, complement receptor type 3 (CR3) and N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) receptors.p><p>CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the effects of SP on functional proteins in human Np membrane were universality and diversity. It implied that SP could affect various inflammation responses in Np.p>
Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; physiology ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Respiratory Burst ; Substance P ; pharmacology

To investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in the cochlea of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and to assess the function of VIP and SP in the cochlea following the damage of hypertension, hearing thresholds of ABR were observed and the fixative (4% paraformaldehyde) was pumped through the circulatory system. Adult Wistar rats (3 months, n=20) served as the control group and SHRs (3 months, n=20) as the hypertension group. Bullas were taken out and cochleas were irrigated in vitro with the same fixative. The number of base turn's spiral ganglions in the sections was counted. The expression of VIP and SP were detected by SABC method and the images of the sections were analyzed. The number of base turn's spiral ganglsons in the hypertension group was significantly less than in the normal group (P<0.01). VIP and SP were expressed in the spiral ganglion cytoplasma and stria vascularis of the two groups. There were no significant difference in the expression of VIP and SP in spiral ganglion cytoplasma (P>0.05) between the two groups. However, in stria vascularis the expression of VIP in the hypertension group was higher than in the normal group (P<0.05), and no significant difference in SP was found between the two groups. It was suggested that VIP not only contributed to the regulation of the cochlea microcirculation, but also made the neurotransmitter in the pathway of the auditory system. However, SP made only the neurotransmitter in the pathway of the auditory system.
Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance P ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Substance P ; pharmacology

<p>OBJECTIVETo study the possible mechanisms of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) pain.p><p>METHODSCNP models were established in male Wistar rats by the autoimmune method. Then the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was detected using the Von Frey filament, prostate pathological examination was conducted, the expressions of substance P (SP) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the prostate tissue and L5-S2 spinal segments were determined by immunohistochemistry and their correlations were analyzed.p><p>RESULTSCompared with the control group, the CNP model rats showed markedly decreased PWT (P < 0.05) and obvious inflammation in the prostate tissue, with significant differences in the scope of lesion and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration (P < 0.05). The expressions of SP and TRPV1 in the prostate and spinal cord dorsal horn L5-S2 were remarkably upregulated in the models as compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). However, the expression of SP in the prostate was not correlated with that in the spinal cord (r = 0.099, P = 0.338), nor was that of TRPV1 (r = 0.000, P = 0.5).p><p>CONCLUSIONSP and TRPV1 were involved in the formation and persistence of pain in CNP rats through their upregulated expressions in the L5-S2 spinal segments.p>
Animals ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Neuralgia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Pain ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels ; metabolism

<p>OBJECTIVETo observe changes of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in each tissue of the digestive system of allergic asthma (AA) model rats.p><p>METHODSThe pulmonary disease (AA) rat model was duplicated by 1% ovalbumin. Its effect on the pathological morphology of the six main parts of the digestive system (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum) and related regulating factors such as CCK8, CGRP, SP, and VIP were observed.p><p>RESULTSThe pathological morphology of the lung was synchronously changed as that of the colon of model rats. But there was no obvious change in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, or rectum. Significant changes occurred in CCK8 (79 961.4 +/- 12 577.9, 48 519.5 +/- 12 240.7), CGRP (41 950.1 +/- 12 600.1, 38 059.8 +/- 11 942.4), and SP (88 243.9 +/- 32 177.2, 47 417.8 +/- 16 462.4), and VIP (20 711.4 +/- 7 334.6, 43 208.1 +/- 13 433.8) of the lung tissue and the colon tissue of model rats (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). But there was no significant change in the aforesaid substances of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum (P > 0.05).p><p>CONCLUSIONSPulmonary disease might affect the colon, inducing pathological changes of the colon tissue and changes of related regulating factors such as CCK8, CGRP, SP, and VIP. It showed no significant effect on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum.p>
Animals ; Asthma ; metabolism ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sincalide ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of neuropeptides in the nasal septum of the perennial allergic rhinitis patients, and the mechanism of the alleviation effect of nasal septum rectification to allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Forty-five patients with deviation of nasal septum (20 with allergic rhinitis and 25 without), who undergone nasal septum rectification in Changhai hospital during Jun to Dec, 2007, were included in this research. The levels of SP, VIP, CGRP of the nasal septum were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULT: In the normal controls, the SP, VIP and CGRP levels of the nasal septal cartilages were lower than that of the nasal septal bones (P<0.05), while in the perennial allergic rhinitis patients group, there were no statistical significance between the SP, VIP levels of the nasal septal cartilages and that of the nasal septal bones (P>0.05), and the CGRP level of the nasal septal cartilages was higher than that of the nasal septal bones (P<0.05). The SP, VIP levels of the nasal septal cartilages in the perennial allergic rhinitis patients group were higher than that in the normal controls (P<0.05), and there were no statistical significance between the levels of the nasal septal bones in the two groups (P>0.05). There were no statistical significance between the CGRP levels of the nasal septal cartilages in the two groups (P>0.05), neither did that of the nasal septal bones in the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The SP level of the nasal septum in the perennial allergic rhinitis patients was higher than that in the normal controls, which was more obvious in the nasal septal cartilages. The VIP level of the nasal septum in the perennial allergic rhinitis patients was higher than that in the normal controls, which was more obvious in the nasal septal cartilages. There were no statistical significance between the CGRP levels of the nasal septum in the perennial allergic rhinitis patients and the normal controls.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Nasal Septum ; metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism

<p>OBJECTIVETo investigate the change pattern of substance P (SP) in the portal vein during the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), and its physiologic significance; the influence of external splanchnic nerve of rectum and anal to the RAIR.p><p>METHODSThe rats were divided into seven groups, among them there were six groups, which were first divided into two big groups according to whether the external splanchnic nerve to the rectum and anal were cut off, one is no cut-off external splanchnic nerve group, the other is cut-off external splanchnic nerve group. Each group were further divided, according to the distance of the balloon-sac on Foley's tube in the rectum away from anal verge, into 2, 4, 6 centimeter groups; A control group with Foley's tube put into the rectum, but the balloon-sac on Foley's tube did not pumped up with water. Measure and compare the value and change of SP in the portal vein during the RAIR.p><p>RESULTSThe comparison of SP in portal vein, among the 2, 4 centimeter groups with cut-off external splanchnic nerve, all groups with intact external splanchnic nerve supply and control group, had no statistic difference (P>0.05). The comparison between the 6 centimeter group with intact external splanchnic nerve group and the 2, 4 centimeter groups with cut-off external splanchnic nerve, P<0.01, the statistic difference was significant. The comparison between 6 centimeter group of intact and cut-off external splanchnic nerve, P<0.01, the difference was significant.p><p>CONCLUSIONThe reason for the stimulation on upper rectum dose not induce the RAIR is related with this stimulation result in the release of SP, the exciting mediator to internal sphincter. The external splanchnic nerve supply of rectum and anal canal have influence on the change of SP of the portal vein during RAIR.p>
Anal Canal ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Portal Vein ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rectum ; physiology ; Substance P ; metabolism

<p>OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to observe whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) participated in the attack of trigeminal neuralgia, and to understand further its pathogenetic mechanism.p><p>METHODSSixteen patients were studied. During the attacks the venous blood was sampled from both the external jugular vein and cubital fossa vein ipsilateral to the pain, and after operations the venous blood from the external jugular vein was sampled again, the external jugular vein blood of eleven normal volunteers was collected as the control. Plasma levels of VIP were determined using sensitive radioimmunoassays.p><p>RESULTSDuring the attacks of trigeminal neuralgia the levels of VIP in the external jugular vein blood were significantly higher than that in the cubital fossa vein blood, postoperative external jugular vein blood and the external jugular vein blood of normal volunteers.p><p>CONCLUSIONVIP indeed participates in the attack of trigeminal neuralgia in the local region, the role of VIP may be relating to enhancing the effects of substance P in local neurogenic inflammation.p>
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; blood ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; blood

<p>OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of repeated esophageal acid infusion on specific airway resistance (sRaw) and airway reactivity in the guinea pigs and explore the mechanism.p><p>METHODSsRaw and airway reactivity were measured by double-chamber plethysmography in normal control group (group N), saline control group (group NS), and repeated acid irrigation group (group H). The initial measurement was used as the baseline sRaw and airway reactivity (1d1), and 2 h after the initial measurement, sRaw and airway reactivity were measured again (1d2). Similarly, such measurements were repeated on the 15th day for all the guinea pigs (15d1, 15d2) with a 2-h interval. The content of Substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in lung tissue, trachea, BALF and ganglion were detected by ELISA.p><p>RESULTSThe percent change of sRaw, (15d2-1d1)/1d1 in group H was significantly higher than that in group N. The differences in the airway reactivity of the group N, group NS, and group H were not statistically significant. The SP content in the lung, trachea, ganglion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in group H was significantly higher than those in group N. The SP content in ganglion showed a significant positive correlation to that in the trachea. No significant differences were found in the VIP content in the lung, trachea, ganglion or BALF between the groups.p><p>CONCLUSIONRepeated esophageal acid infusion increases the airway resistance, but not the airway reactivity in normal guinea pigs. SP may be involved in development of high sRaw through the esophageal-tracheobronchial reflex.p>
Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Esophagus ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Guinea Pigs ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Respiratory System ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Trachea ; metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism