1.A Case of HIV Infection by Intravenous Drug Abuse.
Yoon Seon PARK ; Sang Hoon HAN ; Bum Sik CHIN ; Suk Hoon CHOI ; Sang Youn JUNG ; Jun Yong CHOI ; Yoon Soo PARK ; Chung Ho CHO ; Kyung Hee CHANG ; June Myung KIM
Infection and Chemotherapy 2003;35(5):341-344
Intravenous (IV) drug abuse is one of important transmission modes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. IV drug abuse in HIV epidemics is frequent in western countries. In Korea, however, no case has been definitely identified although possibility of such infection route does exist considering rising number of IV drug use (IDU). Recently, we have experienced a case of HIV infection by IDU. We herein offer the case with review of literature.
HIV Infections*
;
HIV*
;
Korea
;
Substance Abuse, Intravenous*
;
Substance-Related Disorders
2.A Case of HIV Infection by Intravenous Drug Abuse.
Yoon Seon PARK ; Sang Hoon HAN ; Bum Sik CHIN ; Suk Hoon CHOI ; Sang Youn JUNG ; Jun Yong CHOI ; Yoon Soo PARK ; Chung Ho CHO ; Kyung Hee CHANG ; June Myung KIM
Infection and Chemotherapy 2003;35(5):341-344
Intravenous (IV) drug abuse is one of important transmission modes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. IV drug abuse in HIV epidemics is frequent in western countries. In Korea, however, no case has been definitely identified although possibility of such infection route does exist considering rising number of IV drug use (IDU). Recently, we have experienced a case of HIV infection by IDU. We herein offer the case with review of literature.
HIV Infections*
;
HIV*
;
Korea
;
Substance Abuse, Intravenous*
;
Substance-Related Disorders
3.Propofol Abuse in Professionals.
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2012;27(12):1451-1452
No abstract available.
Health Personnel/*ethics
;
Humans
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Hypnotics and Sedatives/*adverse effects
;
Propofol/*adverse effects
;
Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*etiology
4.A study on the prevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections in intravenous drug users.
You-Chun WANG ; Si-Hong XU ; Xiu-Hua LI ; Ai-Jing SONG ; Xue-Rong JIA ; Hui ZHUANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2006;27(9):777-779
OBJECTIVETo study HIV, HBV and HCV infections in intravenous drug users.
METHODS2025 blood samples from intravenous drug users were collected from Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi and Xinjiang regions, and tested for anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg using enzyme-linked immuno-sobent assays (ELISAs).
RESULTSThe positive rates of anti-HIV,anti-HCV and HBsAg were14.7%-30.4%, 60.7%-85.5% and 6.6%-22.4% in the intravenous drug users, respectively. The co-infection rates of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV, HCV/HBV and HIV/HCV/HBV were 0%-0.4%, 11.6%-27.2%, 2.3%-14.3% and 1.6%-4.8% respectively in this population.
CONCLUSIONThe infection rates of HIV, HBV and HCV were higher in the intravenous drug users than that in general populations in the same regions, and HIV/HCV co-infection appeared most frequent in this population.
China ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
5.Preliminary research on the co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis virus in intravenous drug users.
Nanping WU ; Dan LI ; Biao ZHU ; Wei ZOU
Chinese Medical Journal 2003;116(9):1318-1320
OBJECTIVETo confirm the close relationship of high co-infection rate between HIV and hepatitis virus in intravenous drug users (i.v.DUs).
METHODSAnti-HIV, HBV and HCV were detected by ELISA in the serum from 35 scattered and 15 massed i.v.DUs. PCR and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the infection of HIV, HBV, HCV, HGV and TTV among the 15 massed intravenous drug abusers.
RESULTSAmong the 50 i.v.DUs, the positive rates of anti-HCV1 HBsAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were 92% (46/50), 12% (6/50), 10% (5/50) and 66% (33/50), respectively. In the samples of HBsAg positive, their HBeAg was also positive. Although the positive rate of serum markers was different in the massed i.v.DUs compared to the scattered i.v.DUs, no significant difference was shown. In the cases of massed i.v.DUs, the positive rates of HIV DNA, HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, HGV-RNA, and TTV-DNA were 100% (15/15), 26.6% (4/15), 53.3% (8/15), 33.3% (5/15) and 26.6% (4/15), respectively. Among the 15 massed intravenous drug users, one was infected with HIV, HBV, HCV, HGV and TTV; two were infected with HIV, HBV, HCV and HGV; three were infected only with HIV; and the remaining had other forms of co-infection.
CONCLUSIONThe co-infection rate of HIV, HBV, HCV, HGV and TTV in intravenous drug users is very high.
HIV Infections ; complications ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; complications ; Humans ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; complications
7.Estimation on the number of drug users in Hongjiang, Hunan: a capture-recapture study.
Xi CHEN ; Fan LV ; Jun ZHENG ; Hong-bo PU ; Xun-qiang YIN ; Yan-hui ZHANG ; Bi-yun QIN ; Hu PAN
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2005;26(6):417-420
OBJECTIVETo estimate the number of drug users in Hongjiang, Hunan and to develop strategy for drug reduction in the future.
METHODSTwo capture-recapture methods were used to estimate the numbers of drug addicts. Random stratified sampling survey was used to verify the optimum allocation. The first capture-recapture method (CR1) referred to the number from optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey conducted in the communities and the number from local Public Security Bureau list being the second capture. The second capture-recapture method (CR2) referred to the collection of records in the detoxification unit with an interval of 4 months. The estimated number was calculated under Seber's adjustment formula. Face to face interview was carried out during the optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey process.
RESULTSOf 1388 interviewed in the communities, 24 (1.73%) were identified as drug addicts under the optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey. When the figure 1.73% was applied to the total population (72,709) in Hongjiang, the result yielded an estimation of 1258 drug addicts. The estimated numbers of CR1 and CR2 were 904 and 1069 respectively. However, the number was 1.3 to 1.6 fold higher than the reported number (687) by local Public Security Bureau.
CONCLUSIONThe capture-recapture method seemed a better method in estimating the number of drug addicts.
China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Needle Sharing ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; epidemiology
8.Tetanus in an injecting buprenorphine abuser.
Felicia S W TEO ; Li Yang HSU ; Khim Nian Sin Fai LAM ; A JOHAN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2007;36(12):1021-1023
INTRODUCTIONInjecting drug abusers are vulnerable to many infectious complications. We describe a case of tetanus in a Singaporean who regularly abused buprenorphine.
CLINICAL PICTUREA 49-year-old male was hospitalised for progressive generalised spasms associated with dysarthria and opisthotonus. Tetanus was diagnosed clinically.
TREATMENTSupportive management was instituted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Toxicology samples tested positive for buprenorphine.
OUTCOMEHe recovered rapidly and was transferred out of the ICU after 8 days. Retrospective questioning confirmed parenteral abuse of buprenorphine.
CONCLUSIONThis case highlights an uncommon and potentially lethal complication of parenteral drug abuse.
Buprenorphine ; Disease Progression ; Dysarthria ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Singapore ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications ; Tetanus ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy
9.A Case of Miliary Tuberculosis During Pregnancy.
Su Kyoung KIM ; Jung Hwan SHIN ; Yong Soo SEO ; Jae Suck YANG ; Cheol Hong PARK ; Seo Yoo HONG ; Eun Joo PARK ; Sung Seung SHIN ; Won Il PARK ; Jin Yong LEE
Korean Journal of Perinatology 2005;16(3):260-265
Although miliary tuberculosis is uncommon during pregnancy. it is often associated with a maternal history of intravenous drug abuse, malignancy, alcoholism, or human immunodeficiency virus infection, and it is difficult to diagnose when associated with pregnancy. There is no solid evidence that pregnancy has an adverse effect on tuberculosis, thus routine therapeutic abortion is not indicated. If the early diagnosis and promptly adequate chemotherapy was done, the outcome of pregnancy in a women with miliary tuberculosis is likely to be good. Recently we have experienced a case of miliary tuberculosis at 20 weeks gestation without any risk factors of tuberculosis. So we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Abortion, Therapeutic
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Alcoholism
;
Drug Therapy
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Female
;
HIV
;
Humans
;
Pregnancy*
;
Risk Factors
;
Substance Abuse, Intravenous
;
Tuberculosis
;
Tuberculosis, Miliary*
10.A prospective cohort study on human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis seroconversion among injecting drug users.
Lu YIN ; Guang-ming QIN ; Yu-hua RUAN ; Li ZHANG ; Qin-ning HAO ; Xian-huang CHEN ; Zheng-qing JIANG ; Ben-li SONG ; Shi-zhu LIU ; Xiao-yun CAO ; Chun HAO ; Kang-lin CHEN ; Yi-ming SHAO
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2006;27(4):293-297
OBJECTIVETo study the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, HIV transmission and related risk factors among injecting drug users (IDUs) in an area of Sichuan province.
METHODSIn November 2002, a community-based baseline survey was conducted to recruit 333 HIV-seronegative IDUs for a prospective cohort study in Xichang county of Sichuan province, China. Follow-up visits were carried out every 6 months to study the situation of drug use, sexual behaviors of the IDUs and blood specimens were collected to test for antibodies against HIV and syphilis.
RESULTSDuring a 24-month follow-up period, cohort retention rate and HIV incidence were 75.7% and 2.53 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-3.97)], respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression model showed that risk factors which were significantly associated with HIV seroconversion would include: ethnicity (RR = 12.42; 95% CI: 2.72-56.74, P = 0.0012) and needle or syringe sharing in the past 3 months (RR = 4.06; 95% CI: 1.29-12.81, P = 0.0168). Syphilis seroconversion in this cohort was 4.71 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.59-6.82). In multivariate Poisson regression being female (RR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.78-10.99, P = 0.0014) appeared to be the only factor which was significantly associated with syphilis seroconversion.
CONCLUSIONOur study results showed that there was a rapid transmission of HIV and syphilis among IDUs in Sichuan province, suggesting that effective intervention should be urgently taken.
Cohort Studies ; HIV Seropositivity ; immunology ; transmission ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Syphilis ; immunology ; transmission