Objective: To assess the effectiveness of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) compared with conventional treatment on canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. Methods: Sixteen adult patients aged 18–25 years (10 females, and 6 males; mean age 22.25 ± 2.26 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II div 1 malocclusion participated in this single-center, split-mouth randomized controlled trial at the Orthodontics Department of a single hospital in SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India.Randomization was performed using a computer-assisted function with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention included the placement of L-PRF on the experimental side and follow-up for 90 days. The primary outcome measures were canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. The range of tooth movement was evaluated at 15-day intervals: 0th day (T0), 15th day (T1), 30th day (T2), 45th day (T3), 60th day (T4), 75th day (T5), and 90th day (T6).Canine rotation was assessed at T0 and T6, and pain and soft tissue healing were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of the treatment. Results: Cumulatively, the L-PRF group demonstrated a significantly greater tooth movement as compared to conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). Overall, canine retraction was 1.5 times greater on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Canine rotation showed no significant relationship, whereas pain and soft tissue healing were significantly better on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Conclusions Local administration of L-PRF amplifies canine retraction while improving pain and soft tissue repair. 

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) compared with conventional treatment on canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. Methods: Sixteen adult patients aged 18–25 years (10 females, and 6 males; mean age 22.25 ± 2.26 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II div 1 malocclusion participated in this single-center, split-mouth randomized controlled trial at the Orthodontics Department of a single hospital in SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India.Randomization was performed using a computer-assisted function with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention included the placement of L-PRF on the experimental side and follow-up for 90 days. The primary outcome measures were canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. The range of tooth movement was evaluated at 15-day intervals: 0th day (T0), 15th day (T1), 30th day (T2), 45th day (T3), 60th day (T4), 75th day (T5), and 90th day (T6).Canine rotation was assessed at T0 and T6, and pain and soft tissue healing were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of the treatment. Results: Cumulatively, the L-PRF group demonstrated a significantly greater tooth movement as compared to conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). Overall, canine retraction was 1.5 times greater on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Canine rotation showed no significant relationship, whereas pain and soft tissue healing were significantly better on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Conclusions Local administration of L-PRF amplifies canine retraction while improving pain and soft tissue repair. 

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) compared with conventional treatment on canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. Methods: Sixteen adult patients aged 18–25 years (10 females, and 6 males; mean age 22.25 ± 2.26 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II div 1 malocclusion participated in this single-center, split-mouth randomized controlled trial at the Orthodontics Department of a single hospital in SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India.Randomization was performed using a computer-assisted function with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention included the placement of L-PRF on the experimental side and follow-up for 90 days. The primary outcome measures were canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. The range of tooth movement was evaluated at 15-day intervals: 0th day (T0), 15th day (T1), 30th day (T2), 45th day (T3), 60th day (T4), 75th day (T5), and 90th day (T6).Canine rotation was assessed at T0 and T6, and pain and soft tissue healing were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of the treatment. Results: Cumulatively, the L-PRF group demonstrated a significantly greater tooth movement as compared to conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). Overall, canine retraction was 1.5 times greater on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Canine rotation showed no significant relationship, whereas pain and soft tissue healing were significantly better on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Conclusions Local administration of L-PRF amplifies canine retraction while improving pain and soft tissue repair. 

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) compared with conventional treatment on canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. Methods: Sixteen adult patients aged 18–25 years (10 females, and 6 males; mean age 22.25 ± 2.26 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II div 1 malocclusion participated in this single-center, split-mouth randomized controlled trial at the Orthodontics Department of a single hospital in SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India.Randomization was performed using a computer-assisted function with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention included the placement of L-PRF on the experimental side and follow-up for 90 days. The primary outcome measures were canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. The range of tooth movement was evaluated at 15-day intervals: 0th day (T0), 15th day (T1), 30th day (T2), 45th day (T3), 60th day (T4), 75th day (T5), and 90th day (T6).Canine rotation was assessed at T0 and T6, and pain and soft tissue healing were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of the treatment. Results: Cumulatively, the L-PRF group demonstrated a significantly greater tooth movement as compared to conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). Overall, canine retraction was 1.5 times greater on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Canine rotation showed no significant relationship, whereas pain and soft tissue healing were significantly better on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Conclusions Local administration of L-PRF amplifies canine retraction while improving pain and soft tissue repair. 

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) compared with conventional treatment on canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. Methods: Sixteen adult patients aged 18–25 years (10 females, and 6 males; mean age 22.25 ± 2.26 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II div 1 malocclusion participated in this single-center, split-mouth randomized controlled trial at the Orthodontics Department of a single hospital in SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India.Randomization was performed using a computer-assisted function with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention included the placement of L-PRF on the experimental side and follow-up for 90 days. The primary outcome measures were canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. The range of tooth movement was evaluated at 15-day intervals: 0th day (T0), 15th day (T1), 30th day (T2), 45th day (T3), 60th day (T4), 75th day (T5), and 90th day (T6).Canine rotation was assessed at T0 and T6, and pain and soft tissue healing were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of the treatment. Results: Cumulatively, the L-PRF group demonstrated a significantly greater tooth movement as compared to conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). Overall, canine retraction was 1.5 times greater on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Canine rotation showed no significant relationship, whereas pain and soft tissue healing were significantly better on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Conclusions Local administration of L-PRF amplifies canine retraction while improving pain and soft tissue repair. 

Objectives: Regions with limited sanitation facilities have higher rates of infections with various enteric pathogens. It is therefore important to identify different hosts and their relative contribution to pathogen shedding into the environment, and to assess the subsequent health risks to humans. Methods: In this study, human faecal (n=310), animal faecal (n=150), and environmental (soil) samples (n=40) were collected from the same locality and screened for selected enteric pathogens by immunochromatography and/or polymerase chain reaction. Results: At least 1 microbial agent was detected in 49.0%, 44.7%, and 40.0% of the samples from human, animals, and soil, respectively. Among humans, rotavirus was predominantly detected (17.4%) followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (15.4%), Shigella (13.8), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (9.7%). Among animals, STEC was detected most frequently (28.0%), and EPEC was the major enteric pathogen detected in soil (30.0%). The detection rate of rotavirus was higher among younger children (≤2 years) than among older children. Single infections were more commonly detected than multiple infections in humans (p<0.01), unlike the observations in animal and soil samples. For diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Shigella, most of the human and animal isolates showed close relatedness, suggesting possible cross-infection between humans and domesticated animals in the area studied. Conclusions The present study provides an improved understanding of the distribution of major enteric pathogens coexisting in humans and animals in the region, thereby suggesting a high potential for possible transmission among livestock and communities residing in the studied locality.

Objectives: Regions with limited sanitation facilities have higher rates of infections with various enteric pathogens. It is therefore important to identify different hosts and their relative contribution to pathogen shedding into the environment, and to assess the subsequent health risks to humans. Methods: In this study, human faecal (n=310), animal faecal (n=150), and environmental (soil) samples (n=40) were collected from the same locality and screened for selected enteric pathogens by immunochromatography and/or polymerase chain reaction. Results: At least 1 microbial agent was detected in 49.0%, 44.7%, and 40.0% of the samples from human, animals, and soil, respectively. Among humans, rotavirus was predominantly detected (17.4%) followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (15.4%), Shigella (13.8), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (9.7%). Among animals, STEC was detected most frequently (28.0%), and EPEC was the major enteric pathogen detected in soil (30.0%). The detection rate of rotavirus was higher among younger children (≤2 years) than among older children. Single infections were more commonly detected than multiple infections in humans (p<0.01), unlike the observations in animal and soil samples. For diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Shigella, most of the human and animal isolates showed close relatedness, suggesting possible cross-infection between humans and domesticated animals in the area studied. Conclusions The present study provides an improved understanding of the distribution of major enteric pathogens coexisting in humans and animals in the region, thereby suggesting a high potential for possible transmission among livestock and communities residing in the studied locality.