OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the rates, correlates, methods, and precipitating factors of suicide attempts among adolescent patients admitted for psychiatric inpatient care from 1999 to 2010 in a university hospital in Korea. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 728 patients who were admitted for psychiatric inpatient care in a university hospital over a 12-year period and who were aged 10-19 years at the time of admission. We retrospectively investigated the information on suicidal behaviors and other clinical information by reviewing the subjects' electronic medical records. Whether these patients had completed their suicide on 31 December 2010 was determined by a link to the database of the National Statistical Office. RESULTS: Among 728 subjects, 21.7% had suicidal ideation at admission, and 10.7% admitted for suicidal attempts. Female gender, divorced/widowed parents, and the presence of mood disorders were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicide attempts. Most common method of suicide attempts was cutting, and most common reason for suicide attempts was relationship problems within the primary support group. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was associated with increased risk of death by suicide after discharge. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the role of specific psychosocial factor (e.g., relational problems) and psychiatric disorders (e.g., mood disorders) in the suicide attempts of Korean adolescents, and the need for effective prevention strategies for adolescents at risk for suicide.
Adolescent* ; Diagnosis ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Mood Disorders ; Parents ; Precipitating Factors* ; Psychology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Self-Help Groups ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide*

The goal of the study was to examine the prevalence and psychiatric comorbidities of Internet addiction in a nationwide sample of Korean adults. Among a total of 6,022 participants involved in Korean Epidemiological Catchment Area study in 2011, 3,723 Internet users were assessed for their Internet addiction using Young's 8-item Diagnostic Questionnaire. The results showed that of the 3,723 Internet users, 39 (1.0%) had Internet addiction. Addicted Internet users were younger, more likely to be males and unemployed compared to non-addicted Internet users. Internet addiction was associated with alcohol and nicotine use disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorder after controlling for age, gender, and occupational status. Internet addiction was associated with suicidal plans even after controlling for psychiatric disorders and socio-demographic factors. This study showed that Internet addiction is highly associated with variety of different psychiatric disorders and suicidal plans. Therefore, clinicians should carefully evaluate them when treating addicted Internet users.
Adult* ; Anxiety Disorders ; Comorbidity* ; Depressive Disorder ; Employment ; Humans ; Internet* ; Korea ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Prevalence* ; Suicide ; Tobacco Use Disorder

PURPOSE: The lack of identified mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway downstream genes that overcome cross-talk in nonmuscle invasive low grade (LG)-urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder is a clinical limitation in the use of mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Presently, gene expression patterns, gene ontology, and gene clustering by dual (p70S6K and S6K) siRNAs or rapamycin in 253J and TR4 cell lines were investigated by microarray analysis. mTOR/S6K pathway downstream genes suppressed to siRNAs, and rapamycin up-regulated or rapamycin down-regulated genes were identified. The mTOR downstream genes examined using a tissue microarray of 90 nonmuscle invasive LG-UC patients to assess whether any of these genes predicted clinical outcomes. A knockout study evaluated the synergistic effect with rapamycin. RESULTS: In the microarray analysis, mTOR pathway downstream genes selected consisted of 4 rapamycin down-regulated (FOXM1, KIF14, MYBL2, and UHRF1), and 4 rapamycin up-regulated (GPR87, NBR1, VASH1, and PRIMA1). In the tissue microarray, FOXM1, KIF14, and NBR1 were more expressed at T1, and MYBL2, and PRIMA1 were more expressed in tumors exceeding 3 cm. In a multivariate Cox regression model, KIF14 and NBR1 were significant predictors of recurrence in nonmuscle invasive LG-UC of the bladder. In a NBR1 knock out model, rapamycin treatment synergistically inhibited cell viability and colony forming ability compared to rapamycin only. CONCLUSIONS: The results implicate KIF14 and NBR1 as mTOR/S6K pathway downstream genes that predict recurrence in nonmuscle invasive LG-UC of the bladder and demonstrate that NBR1 knockout overcomes rapamycin cross-talk.
Biomarkers ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Gene Expression ; Gene Ontology ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; Recurrence* ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirolimus* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: In the present case report, visual pathway damage confirmed by retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) damage on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in occipital lobe epilepsy was described. CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old female with idiopathic generalized epilepsy developed visual blurring followed by a generalized seizure. On brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), very subtle changes of the cortex in the left parietooccipital lobe were observed. Two days after the attack, even after the disappearance of epileptiform wave on electroencephalogram (EEG), visual acuity in both eyes was 0.5 and a perimetry revealed nearly complete visual defect in both eyes. OCT showed severe thinning of GCL and mild thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). No additional seizure attack occurred thereafter. One month after the attack, her visual acuity was recovered to 1.0 in both eyes and her left visual hemifield defect was recovered. However, even 6 months after the attack, her right visual hemifield defect and GCL damage persisted in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: We reported a case in which the visual pathway damage caused by occipital lobe epilepsy was identified using OCT, despite very subtle changes in brain imaging. This case indicated GCL thinning is an objective and prognostic index for the irreversible visual field defect in occipital lobe epilepsy.
Adult ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial* ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Fibers ; Neuroimaging ; Occipital Lobe* ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde ; Seizures ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways

Microarray analysis was used to investigate the lack of identified mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway downstream genes to overcome cross-talk at non-muscle invasive high-grade (HG)-urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder, gene expression patterns, gene ontology, and gene clustering by triple (p70S6K, S6K, and eIF4E) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or rapamycin in 5637 and T24 cell lines. We selected mTOR pathway downstream genes that were suppressed by siRNAs more than 2-fold, or were up-regulated or down-regulated by rapamycin more than 2-fold. We validated mTOR downstream genes with immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) of 125 non-muscle invasive HG-UC patients and knockout study to evaluate the synergistic effect with rapamycin. The microarray analysis selected mTOR pathway downstream genes consisting of 4 rapamycin up-regulated genes (FABP4, H19, ANXA10, and UPK3A) and 4 rapamycin down-regulated genes (FOXD3, ATP7A, plexin D1, and ADAMTS5). In the TMA, FABP4, and ATP7A were more expressed at T1 and FOXD3 was at Ta. ANXA10 and ADAMTS5 were more expressed in tumors ≤ 3 cm in diameter. In a multivariate Cox regression model, ANXA10 was a significant predictor of recurrence and ATP7A was a significant predictor of progression in non-muscle invasive HG-UC of the bladder. In an ATP7A knock-out model, rapamycin treatment synergistically inhibited cell viability, wound healing, and invasion ability compared to rapamycin only. Activity of the ANXA10 and ATP7A mTOR pathway downstream genes might predict recurrence and progression in non-muscle invasive HG-UC of the bladder. ATP7A knockout overcomes rapamycin cross-talk.
Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Gene Expression ; Gene Ontology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microarray Analysis ; Recurrence* ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirolimus ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Leukoencephalopathies ; Respiration

Objective: : This study aims to investigate the incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and demographic characteristics in Korea using population-based National Health Insurance Service data. Methods: : This study analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2005 to 2020, based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th version, Clinical Modification codes D333 and D431. Only those patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging and audiologic tests were considered definitive cases. Demographic variables included age, sex, treatment modality, hypertension, diabetics, dyslipidemia, smoking history, alcohol history, and income status. Results: : The total number of VS patients was 5751. The average incidence rate was 0.71 per 100000 from 2005 to 2020, and the annual incidence rate increased from 0.33 in 2005 to 1.32 in 2019 but decreased to 0.80 in 2020. Incidence was highest in those aged 60–69 years (1.791) and lowest in those younger than 20 years (0.041). Incidence was higher in females, and the number of patients who received radiosurgery (46.64%) was largest compared to the wait and scan group (37.96%), microsurgery group (12.85%), or the group who received both (2.56%). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS. Conclusion : The incidence of VS exhibited an increasing trend from 2005 to 2019. Radiosurgery (46.64%) was the most common treatment modality. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS.

Wolfiporia cocos is a wood-decay brown rot fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae. While the fungus grows, the sclerotium body of the strain, dubbed Bokryeong in Korean, is formed around the roots of conifer trees. The dried sclerotium has been widely used as a key component of many medicinal recipes in East Asia. Wolfiporia cocos strain KMCC03342 is the reference strain registered and maintained by the Korea Seed and Variety Service for commercial uses. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of W. cocos KMCC03342 using a hybrid assembly technique combining both short- and long-read sequences. The genome has a total length of 55.5 Mb comprised of 343 contigs with N50 of 332 kb and 95.8% BUSCO completeness. The GC ratio was 52.2%. We predicted 14,296 protein-coding gene models based on ab initio gene prediction and evidence-based annotation procedure using RNAseq data. The annotated genome was predicted to have 19 terpene biosynthesis gene clusters, which was the same number as the previously sequenced W. cocos strain MD-104 genome but higher than Chinese W. cocos strains. The genome sequence and the predicted gene clusters allow us to study biosynthetic pathways for the active ingredients of W. cocos . is a wood-decay brown rot fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae. While the fungus grows, the sclerotium body of the strain, dubbed Bokryeong in Korean, is formed around the roots of conifer trees. The dried sclerotium has been widely used as a key component of many medicinal recipes in East Asia. Wolfiporia cocos strain KMCC03342 is the reference strain registered and maintained by the Korea Seed and Variety Service for commercial uses. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of W. cocos KMCC03342 using a hybrid assembly technique combining both short- and long-read sequences. The genome has a total length of 55.5 Mb comprised of 343 contigs with N50 of 332 kb and 95.8% BUSCO completeness. The GC ratio was 52.2%. We predicted 14,296 protein-coding gene models based on ab initio gene prediction and evidence-based annotation procedure using RNAseq data. The annotated genome was predicted to have 19 terpene biosynthesis gene clusters, which was the same number as the previously sequenced W. cocos strain MD-104 genome but higher than Chinese v strains. The genome sequence and the predicted gene clusters allow us to study biosynthetic pathways for the active ingredients of W. cocos

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the perinatal and developmental risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed with a structured interview among Korean children. METHODS: The current study included 924 children (6-15 years) recruited from schools in five Korean cities or a child psychiatry outpatient clinic of Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The parents of the children completed the structured diagnostic interview for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, as well as questionnaires on perinatal and developmental risk factors. RESULTS: Preterm delivery, severe maternal stress during pregnancy, change in primary care taker during the first three years, postpartum depression, and delayed first sentence showed a significant association with ADHD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that perinatal and developmental factors contribute to development of ADHD in Korean children. Conduct of future research using a prospective design is needed in order to identify the causal relationship between observed risk factors and development of ADHD.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child ; Child Psychiatry ; Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Humans ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Primary Health Care ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: We compared the clinical presentations of manic and depressive episodes and the treatment response among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) types I and II and BD not otherwise specified (NOS). METHODS: The sample consisted of 66 patients, aged between 6 and 18 years, who were admitted for BD to a 20-bed child and adolescent psychiatric ward in a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: Patients with BD type I were more likely to have lower intelligence quotients and exhibit violent behaviors during manic episodes than patients with BD type II or BD NOS and to show better treatment responses during manic episodes than patients with BD NOS. Patients with BD NOS were more likely to have an irritable mood rather than a euphoric mood during the manic phase than patients with BD type I or II and to exhibit violent behaviors during the depressive phase and chronic course than patients with BD type II. CONCLUSION: Pediatric BD patients are heterogeneous with respect to their clinical characteristics. Implications for the usefulness of the current diagnostic subtype categories should be investigated in future studies.
Adolescent ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Child ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Intelligence ; Irritable Mood ; Korea ; Seoul