Diagnostic work-up and management of intracranial arachnoid cysts are still controversial. The authors have reported one case of intracranial arachnoid cyst in association with epilepsy. Operative method: craniotomy with penetration.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Surgery ; Epilepsy

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Takayasu Arteritis ; surgery

In recent years, in the absence of venous component, dilated, overlapping, and tortuous arteries forming a mass of arterial loops with a coil-like appearance have been defined as pure arterial malformation (PAM). It is extremely rare, and its etiology and treatment have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we reported 2 cases of PAM with associated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in this paper. Both patients had severe headache as the first symptom. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found by CT and computed tomography angiography (CTA) and PAM with associated aneurysm was found by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In view of the distribution of blood and the location of aneurysms, the aneurysm rupture was the most likely to be considered. Based on the involvement of the lesion in the distal blood supply, only the aneurysm was clamped during the operation. It used to be consider that PAM is safety, because of the presentation and natural history of previously reported cases. Through the cases we reported, we have doubted about "the benign natural history" and discussed its treatment. PAM can promote the formation of aneurysms and should be reviewed regularly. The surgical indications for PAM patients with aneurysm formation need to be further clarified. Management of PAM patients with ruptured aneurysm is the same as that of ruptured aneurysm. Whether there are indications needed to treat simple arterial malformations remains to be further elucidated with the multicenter, randomized controlled studies on this disease.
Aneurysm, Ruptured/surgery* ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Cerebral Angiography ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of postoperative serious cardiovascular adverse events (CAE) on outcomes of patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm clipping. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among the patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm clipping during the period from December, 2016 to December, 2017, who were divided into CAE group and non-CAE group according to the occurrence of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II CAEs after the surgery. The perioperative clinical characteristics of the patients, complications and neurological functions during hospitalization, and mortality and neurological functions at 1 year postoperatively were evaluated. The primary outcome was mortality within 1 year after the surgery. The secondary outcomes were Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score at 1 year, lengths of postoperative hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at discharge. RESULTS: A total of 361 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 20 (5.5%) patients in CAE group and 341 in the non-CAE group. No significant differences were found in the patients' demographic characteristics, clinical history, or other postoperative adverse events between the two groups. The 1-year mortality was significantly higher in CAE group than in the non-CAE group (20.0% vs 5.6%, P=0.01). Logistics regression analysis showed that when adjusted for age, gender, emergency hospitalization, subarachnoid hemorrhage, volume of bleeding, duration of operation, aneurysm location, and preoperative history of cardiovascular disease, postoperative CAEs of Clavien-Dindo grade≥II was independently correlated with 1-year mortality rate of the patients with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.670 (95% CI: 1.037-12.992, P=0.04). The patients with CEA also had a lower GOS score at 1 year after surgery than those without CEA (P=0.002). No significant differences were found in the occurrence of other adverse events, postoperative hospital stay, ICU stay, or GCS scores at discharge between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Postoperative CAEs may be a risk factor for increased 1-year mortality and disability in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial aneurysms.
Craniotomy/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery* ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of aneurysm clipping and partial blood clot removal in the subarachnoid space on hemorrhage volume in the subarachnoid space and cerebral vasospasm in patients with different Fisher grades.

METHODSPatients with subarachnoid space hemorrhage (SAH) of Fisher Grades I, II, and III were subdivided into control and treatment groups for comparative studies. The patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) undergoing aneurysm clipping were also compared with Fisher grade I control subgroup. OxyHb levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral blood flow volume (CBFV) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured on days 3, 7, and 13 day after SAH.

RESULTSThe patients with UIAs and Fisher Grade I control subgroup showed significant differences in OxyHb levels on day 3 in CBFV of the MCA on days 3 and 7 (P<0.05). In the SAH groups, OxyHb levels increased significantly on day 3 day in the treatment subgroups of Fisher Grades I and II, but declined significantly on days 7 and 13 in Fisher Grade III treatment subgroup as compared with the corresponding control subgroups (P<0.05); in Fisher Grade I group on days 3 and 7 and in Fisher Grade II group on day 7, CBFV of the MCA increased significantly in the treatment subgroups, but in Fisher Grade III group, CBFV decreased significantly on days 7 and 13 compared with the control subgroup (P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between OxyHb levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and CBFV of the MCA (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor patients with Fisher Grades I and II aneurysms, craniotomy may increase hemorrhage volume in the subarachnoid space and exacerbate cerebral vasospasm, but for Grade III patients, aneurysm clipping and blood clot removal shows beneficial effects in terms of reducing hemorrhage volume and relieving cerebral vasospasm.

Aged ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; surgery ; Vasospasm, Intracranial ; surgery

PURPOSE: To describe the therapeutic effect and possibility of the ultra-early surgery for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt-Hess grades IV - V). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine cases with intracranial aneurysms, demonstrated by computed tomographic angiography (CTA), were treated by ultra-early surgery under general anesthesia within 24 hours from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 5 cases were treated within 6 hours and 4 cases in 6 - 24 hours. Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade: 6 cases were IV and 3 cases were V. The clinical outcome was evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS). RESULTS: In operation, difficult dissection occurred in 5 cases (55.6%), and rupture of aneurysm occurred and temporary obstructions were performed in 4 cases (44.4%). After clipping of aneurysm, 2 cases underwent V-P shunt because of hydrocephalus, pulmonary infection occurred in 3 cases, hypothalamus reaction accompanied with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 2 cases. The clinical outcome were favorable (GOS 4 - 5) in 4 cases (44.4%), dissatisfied (GOS 2 - 3) in 3 cases (33.3%), and dead (GOS 1) in 2 cases (22.2%) when patients departed from our hospital. CONCLUSION: The ultra-early surgery can avoid early rebleeding of intracranial aneurysm, therefore, should be considered in the treatment of Hunt-Hess grade IV-V intracranial aneurysms. The appliance of CTA can make it possible to use of ultra-early surgery and improve the therapeutic effect.
Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/pathology/*surgery

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Young Adult

The authors have reviewed and analyzed 105 cases of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in 94 patients from the medical records of 407 patients who had aneurysm sugery consecutively since the advent of microsurgery at the Department of Neurosurgery of Yonsei University. This study was done to define the clinical characteristics of intact intracranial aneurysms and to determine the principles of their management. There was no surgical mortality among 75 cases of intact intracranial aneurysms in 68 patients. Two cases of morbidity were not directly related to the surgery of intact aneurysms. As a result of the analysis of the cases, it was concluded that all symptomatic aneurysms should be treated immediately after the diagnosis, because they tend to be large in size and prone to rupture. If asymptomatic multiple unruptured aneurysms are accessible during surgery for a ruptured aneurysm, they should be treated at the same time. The decision for the treatment of unruptured aneurysms located opposite to ruptured ones or detected incidentally, should be made at the surgeon's discretion. The authors' belief is that intact intracranial aneurysms should be corrected regardless of their size when detected in young patients, in hypertensive patients, in hypertensive patients, or in patients with such high flow lesions as arteriovenous malformation.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Human ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Prognosis ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery

A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, with sudden headache and vomiting for 1 day. CT scan conducted at emergency revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a wide-neck aneurysm located at A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery. The aneurysm was totally coiled using stent assistance, which, however, was recanalized at 3 month follow-up. This patient was then subjected to aneurysm and parent artery occlusion after bypass of the bilateral A3 segments, who recovered well and discharged without ischemic complications.
Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; surgery ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Recurrence ; Stents ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We have had 37 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation and subarachnoid hemorrhage, who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei Medical Center from 1964 to 1976. All of the cerebral arteriovenous malformations were proved by cerebral angiography. Since the site of the lesions were considered to have a close relation to the neurologic deficit and the results of surgery, various analysis of clinical manifestations and of the cerebral angiographic findings were attempted. Out of 37 patients, surgery was performed in 28 and the results were analysed according to the various type of surgical procedure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Angiography ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/radiography ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery* ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Age ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/radiography ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery