Primary Hepatic Carcinoma(PHC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Nowadays,its incidence and mortality have been still increasing.With regard to the early treatment for PHC,the combined therapy,primarily referred to operation,is considered optimal.For recent decades,with the quick development of ultrasonic therapeutics,High Intensity Focused Ultrasound(HIFU)techniques,which rose newly,has already become a kind of effective and noninvasive substitution therapy for PHC operation therapy as a kind of noninvasive tumor therapy.Now,this literature review aims to summarize the found re- search and clinical research of HIFU therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.

The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has been a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research since 2006,and it made possible for the use of stem cells in treating retinal degenerative diseases.Research showed that fibroblast,B lymphocytes,neural stem cells,hair corneous cells,pancreatic cells,mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord stroma and amniotic membrane can be reprogrammed as iPSCs,and they are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells.Some novel developments in iPSCs study in ophthalmology also were observed over the past few years.Induced iPSCs can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells,photoreceptors and other retinal cells,which lay a foundation for the therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.Differented from traditional treatment of stem cells,the generation of iPSCs makes it possible to utilize somatic cells derived from patients for stem cell therapy without provoking ethical and immunological problems.The generation of iPSCs,the current research about iPSCs in the ophthalmic field,the limitations of iPSCs in the clinic and their future development and application were reviewed.

BACKGROUND:To construct tissue engineering cartilage would open up a novel way for the repair of cartilage damage in avoidance of the disadvantages of traditional therapeutic method.OBJECTIVE: To probe the techniques for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, as well as the in vitro differentiation into chondrocytic phenotype in a specific culture fluid.DESIGN:A complete randomized experimentSETTING:The Department of Traumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and Teaching and Research Faculty of Histology and Embryology of Guangxi Medical University.METHODS: The experiment was carried out at Guangxi Medical University between August 2002 and April 2003. Twenty SD neonatal weaning rats were selected. Bone marrow was aspirated from the bones of rat limbs and was isolated by gradient centrifugation in Percoll, and MSCs could be obtained in combination with adherent screening method, which were then cultured in DMEM-LG with 15% fatal bovine serum (FBS) in the incubator of 37℃ with 5% CO2 for 10-14 days. The passage cells were induced in DMEM-HG with 15% FBS (containing TGF-β1 10 μg/L, 10-7 mol/L dexamethasone, 50 mg/L VitC).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :The morphology, growth, as well as proliferation and specific expression of chondrogenic matrix of in vitro cultured MSCs due to specific induction.RESULTS: Totally 20 SD rats were observed and analyzed with no loss SCs grew in visible symmetric colonies, displaying a long-spindle shape,and the morphological characteristics of marrow-derived MSCs had no obvious changes during passage-culture, but its proliferation time was found from a shuttle fibroblastic appearance to polygonal shape, displaying posiHC staining of type Ⅱ collagen of cartilage specific matrix.bronectin adherent screening technique is a convenient, effective and practical method to separate and collect MSCs from rat bone marrows in chondrogenic phenotype when induced by a specific medium and can secrete cartilage specific matrix, and they can be the optimal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

Health Policy ; Humans ; Italy ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Safety Management

Finland ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Safety Management

Objective: The genetic diversity of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis germplasmic resources in natural populations was analyzed by simple sequence repeat marker for protection and rational utilization. Methods: A total of 115 individuals of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from five natural populations were analyzed by SSR marker for genetic diversity analysis. Results: Eight pairs of SSR primers were screened. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed: The percentage of polymorphic bands was 100%, the polymorphism information content was 0.745 6. At the population level and species level, the observed number of allele was 8.425 0 and 17.750 0, respectively, the effective number of allele was 4.960 9 and 7.500 7, respectively, the observed heterozygosity was 0.295 5 and 0.294 8, respectively, the expected heterozygosity was 0.654 8 and 0.774 4, respectively, and the Shannon's information index was 1.520 1 and 2.038 6, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.172 8 and the gene flow was 1.196 6. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, the five populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were divided into two clades. Conclusion: The level of genetic diversity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was relatively high and there was certain genetic differentiation within and among populations. This study puts forward several suggestions for the protection and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis resources, which will be helpful for protection and sustainable utilization of scientific advice and reference.

Astragaloside IV is the most aboundant and activitve ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus. Many studies have confirmed that astragaloside IV has a renal protective effect on chronic kidney disease. After reviewing the literatures at home and abroad for the past five years, The molecular mechanism of the protective effect of astragaloside IV on kidney was reviewed from the aspects of protection of podocytes, inhibition of renal fibrosis, protection of renal tubular cells, and inhibition of mesangial cell activation. The aim of this study is to analyze the target of astragaloside IV in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, and provide a basis for the application of astragaloside IV in nephropathy.

Objective To explore the kidney protection and possible mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula (YTF) in rats with membranous nephropathy (MN). Methods A total of 60 SD healthy male rats were randomly divided into 10 for normal group and 50 for MN rat model group. The MN rat model was established by tail iv cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA). After successful modeling, they were randomly divided into model group, benazepril group, and YTF groups at low, medium, and high doses (6.61, 13.22, and 26.44 g/kg). Rats in each group were ig administrated once daily for continuous four weeks according to the corresponding dose. At the end of administration, the 24 h urine total protein (UTP), total cholesterol (TC), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) levels were measured. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the deposition of IgG immune complexes in renal tissue. The glomerular basement membrane and podocyte morphology were observed under electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins ezrin and synaptopodin in rat kidneys. Results Compared with the model group, the UTP and TC levels in the rats in each treatment group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the TP and ALB levels increased significantly (P < 0.01). The middle and high dose groups of YTF were similar to the benazepril group, and the effect was better than the low dose group of YTF. There was no significant difference in the BUN and Scr among the groups. Compared with the control group, the expression of ezrin and synaptopodin mRNA in the kidney of the model group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of ezrin and synaptopodin mRNA in the podocytes of different treatment groups was increased in different degrees (P < 0.01). The expression levels of ezrin and synaptopodin mRNA in the kidney of rats in the middle and high dose groups of YTF were similar to those in the benazepril group, which were higher than that in the low dose group of YTF. Conclusion YTF has a therapeutic effect on membranous nephropathy in rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the degradation of podocyte skeleton related proteins ezrin and synaptopodin and the maintenance of the integrity of the podocyte skeleton and foot process.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Female ; Hexanes ; analysis ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Shoes

Objective To investigate the protective effects on the renal allografts from brain dead (BD) donor rats pretreated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Method Three groups [normal transplant group (G1).BD transplant group (G2),and MSCs pretreated + BD transplant group (G3)] were set up.Male F344 rats served as donors and male Lewis rats as recipients.In G1,kidneys from F344 donor rats were implanted into Lewis recipients.In G2,kidneys from F344 BD donor rats were engrafted into Lewis recipients.In G3,after BD was established in F344 rats,MSCs were given intravenously to the rats.The kidneys harvested 6 h later were transplanted to Lewis recipients.Cyclosporine was intromuscularly given daily to the recipient rats for 10 days.Right kidneys were resected from recipients on day 10.Creatinine level was examined on day 14,21,28,and 35.Renal allografts harvested on day 35 were pathologically detected.The irnmunochemistry expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α in renal allograft tissue was tested.Result Serum creatinine levels in G2 were remarkably higher than those in G1 and G3 (P＜0.01) on day 14,21,28,and 35 postoperatively.The creatinine levels on the above mentioned time points had no statistically significant difference between G3 and G1 except on day 21.Postoperative pathological changes in G2 of both pronounced infiltration of mononuclear cells and tubular epithelia[inflammation were notably increased in renal allografts as compared with those in G1 and G3.There was no obvious difference between G1 and G3 in infiltrated mononuclear cells and tubular epithelial inflammation.Positive expression levels of both IL-1β and TNF-α in glomerular,tubular and interstitial epithelial cells were statistically enhanced in G2 as compared with those in G1 and G3 (H =7.210,P =0.027),while there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of both IL-1[β and TNF-α between G1 and G3.Conclusion Brain dead donor rats pretreated with bone marrow MSCs might reduce renal allograft injury via decreasing both inflammatory cell infiltration and IL-1β and TNF-α expression.