Noonan syndrome(NS) is a congenital genetic disease characterized by distinctive facial features,short stature,chest deformity,congenital heart disease,and other comorbidities.This article reviewed the research history of NS,the clinical manifestations and their relationship with genotype,the diagnosis and treatment.

AIM: To study apoptosis and related genes expressions of cardiomyocytes in sinoaortic-denervated(SAD) rats. METHODS: SAD or sham-operation (Sham) was performed in male SD rats at the age of 10 weeks. After 16 weeks, apoptotic cells were stained in situ by terminal dexynucleotidyl-transferase mediated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). All stained results were analysised using computer image analysis techniques. Protein products and mRNA of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and Fas-L were assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: The numbers of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were significantly increased in SAD rats, the expressions of Bcl-2 were significantly decreased, whereas Bax,Fas and Fas-L were significantly increased in SAD rats. THZ]CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION: Apoptosis and dysregulation of gene expressions may be involved in the cardiomyocytes remodeling in SAD rats.

Objective To evaluate and explore the Patients with acute cerebral infarction P-selectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) clinical significance.Methods According to the degree of neurological deficit scores were divided into light group (38 cases),medium group (35 cases) and severe group (25 cases),30healthy subjects were selected as the control group,measured at different time levels of P-selectin and CRP.Results Light group,medium group,severe group admitted 24 h P-selectin levels were higher,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Light group,medium group,severe group admission decreased after 3 d P-selectin levels were highest; mild group admitted 24 h,7 d P-selectin levels and medium-sized group and severe group differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Light group,medium group,severe group admission 3 d P-selectin levels were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) among the three groups.Light group,medium group admitted 14 d P-selectin levels and heavy group differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Light group,medium group,severe group admitted 24 h CRP levels were higher,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Light group,medium group,severe group admitted 24 h,3 d,7 d,14 d CRP levels decreased,comparing the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) at the same time point.Linear correlation analysis showed that P-selectin hormone levels and CRP levels were positively correlated (r =0.493,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Serum P-selectin and C reactive protein may be involved in the pathological process of ACI.The changes of serum P-selectin and C reactive protein levels were contributed to judge severity of pathological changes,focus range and prognosis assessment.It is an important biochemical observational indicator,and it's worthy recommending in clinic.

Aim To investigate the up-regulation of miR-22 through Wnt pathway inhibits the proliferation,migration and invasion in human gastric MGC803 cells induced by diallyl disulfide(DADS).Methods The effects of proliferation,migration,and invasion of gastric cancer cells were evaluated by MTT,wound-healing and invasion assays.Online prediction software was applied to search the target gene of miR-22.Luciferase report gene assay was used to assess the target genes Wnt-1 of miR-22.The expressions of Wnt-1,β-catenin and TCF-4 were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results MTT showed that DADS and miR-22 notably decreased the proliferation compared with control group(P<0.05).Wound-healing assay showed that DADS and miR-22 could significantly inhibit the migration of MGC803 cells compared with the control group, especially in miR-22+DADS(P<0.05). Invasion assay showed that DADS and miR-22 could markedly inhibit the invasion of MGC803 cells compared with the control group, especially in miR-22+DADS(P<0.05). Online prediction software to search the target gene exhibited that Wnt-1 may be a target gene of miR-22. Luciferase report gene assay disclosed that Wnt-1 was identified as a direct target of miR-22. Qrt-PCR showed that the expression of Wnt-1 Mrna was respectively down-regulated by DADS and miR-22 compared withcontrol group, especially in miR-22+DADS(P<0.05). Western blot exhibited that DADS and miR-22 obviously suppressed the expressions of Wnt-1, β-catenin and TCF-4 proteins, especially in miR-22+DADS(P<0.05).Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-22 through Wnt pathway can remarkably suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion in MGC803 cells by DADS.

Adult ; Empyema, Pleural ; complications ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; complications ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; complications ; etiology

AIM:To investigate whether the cigarette smoke extract (CSE) causes senescence of C2C12 myo-blasts and the relationship between senescence and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2).METHODS: Murine C2C12 cells were induced to differentiate into myoblasts.The HDAC2 activator and inhibitor were used to investigate the effects of CSE in the myoblasts on cell senescence and the expression of HDAC2.The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, and the positive cell rate of β-galactosidase staining for cell senescence was also detected.RESULTS:The optimal concentration of CSE was 60 mL/L and the intervention time was 24 h.After the intervention of CSE, the positive cell rate ofβ-galactosidase staining was increased, accompanied with the reduction of HDAC2 expression at mRNA and protein levels.The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was increased by 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), accompanied with the reduction of positive cell rate ofβ-galacto-sidase staining.Furthermore, when HDAC2 expression at mRNA and protein levels was reduced by HDAC2 inhibitor valp-roic acid, the positive cell rate of β-galactosidase staining was increased.CONCLUSION: CSE promotes the senescence by reducing the expression of HDAC2 in C2C12 myoblasts.

To investigate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and its receptor integrin alphanubeta3 in the placental tissue from pregnant women complicated with preeclampsia, the expression of OPN and alphanubeta3 in the placenta of the pregnant women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Our results showed that OPN and alphanubeta3 protein were expressed in the placenta from normal pregnant woman and those with preeclampsia. OPN was located in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts and the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells and integrin alphanubeta3 was mainly expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells. Expression of OPN and integrin alphanubeta3 in the placental tissue from preeclampsia subjects was significantly lower than that from the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, expression of OPN in the placental tissue from preeclampsia group was significantly lower (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in the expression of alphanu and beta3 between the preeclampsia group and the controls. It is concluded that OPN and its receptor integrin alphanubeta3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an immune related receptor.It plays an important role in inducing inflammation response.The inflammatory response secondary to optic nerve crush will results in serious retinal damage.It is worthy of studying the expression and effect of TLR4 in retina after optic nerve crush.Objective This experimental study was to explore the role of TLR4 in the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) after optic nerve crush.Methods Twenty-four SPF adult health Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the study and radomized into two groups based to the experimental time.The optical nerve crush models were established by crushing the optical nerve in the right eyes of the rats,and the left normal eyes served as controls.The rats were sacrificed by over anesthesia and retinas were isolated 3 days and 7 days after operation.Expression of TLR4 in the retinas was detected using immunofluorescence method.Reverse trancription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were applied respectively for the detection of TLR4 mRNA and protein in the retinas.The apoptosis of RGCs was evaluated using TUNEL staining.The use and care of experimental animals followed theGuide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of NIH.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.Results The expression of TLR4 in rat retinas presented with green fluorescence mainly in the inner layer of retinas.The fluorescence was enhanced in the model 3 days group and the model 7 days group compared with the corresponding control groups.The relative expressing values of TLR4 mRNA in the retinas were 2.92±0.06and 3.92±0.12 in the model 3 days and 7 days groups,respectively,which were significantly higher than 2.87±0.12and 3.44±0.17 in the control 3 days and 7 days group (t3d =-12.888,P＜0.001 ;t7d =-4.669,P=0.010).In the model 3 days group and model 7 days group,the grey values of TLR4 protein were 1.14±0.05 and 1.49±0.03,and those in the control 3 days and 7 days groups were 0.99 ± 0.09 and 1.38 ± 0.07,showing significant differences between them(t3d =-11.324,P＜0.001 ;t7d =-5.638,P=0.005).Apoptotic RGCs were obviously increased in the optic nerve damage group in comparison with the control group.Conclusions The TLR4 is over-expressed in the inner layer of retina after optic nerve crush,which suggestes that TLR4 is probably involved in the loss of RGCs after optic nerve crush.

There are many subjects related to anesthesiology and the band between anesthesiology and clinical practicevery is close. So students can not be proficient in anesthesiology by traditional teaching methods. The use of three-dimensional case teaching method in anaesthesiology teaching is a good attemptment. three-dimensional case teaching method integrate case method, multimedia technology and clinical case. It can help medical students analyze and solve clinical problems, improvetheir academic performance and enhance their clinical basic skills.

Objective To investigate the accuracy of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE)predicting malignant middle cerebral artery infarction(mMCAI).Methods A total of 40 patients with acute massive cerebral infarction within 24 hours after symptom onset were recruited.Blood samples were collected at 24,36 and 48 hours after symptom onset.Serum NSE concentration was determined by automatic electrochemiluminescence analyzer.mMCAI was defined as hernia signs in clinical practice,and CT/ MRI showed mass effect.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the accuracy of serum NSE concentration in predicting mMCAI at 3 time points.Results Sixteen patients(40%)developed mMCAI.The serum NSE concentration for predicting the accuracy of mMCAI was poor at 24 hours after symptom onset;the serum NSE concentration for predicting the specificity of mMCAI was high (96%)at 36 hours after symptom onset,but the sensitivity was lower(69%);the serum NSE concentration for predicting the specificity(92%)and sensitivity(88%)of mMCAI were high at 48 hours.Conclusions The serum NSE conoentration and its dynamic changes may predict the occurrence of mMCAI,and the predicting time points are appropriate from 36-48 hours after symptom onset.