Objective To study the protective effect of glutamine on the intestinal mucosal antioxidation in endotoxemic rats. Methods　Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, group A:parenteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine, group B:TPN without glutamine,and group C:normal control. Endotoxemia was induced by continous intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day throughout the 5-day study period. The mucosal protein、DNA、ATP、SOD、MDA、GSH、sIgA were determined. Results The mucosal protein、DNA、ATP、SOD、GSH and sIgA content in endotoxic rats were markedly decreased, MDA was increased as compared with normal control(P＜0.05). The former indices in group A were improved and MDA content was decreased as compared with group B(P＜0.05). Conclusion　Glutamine can improve gut energy metabolism, decrease the extent of mucosal injury of free radicals, and give an protective effect on the mucosal probably by increasing GSH.

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of early enteral nutrition(EEN) on the structure and function of the gut, the bacterial and endotoxin translocation. Methods:SAP model was induced by injecting 1 ml/kg of combined solution of 5% sodium taurocholate and trypsin into the pancreas via pancreatic duct.15 dogs were divided into PN group and EEN group.Systemic plasma endotoxin levels was quantified.Both portal and systemic blood sample were obtained before and 1?4?7 d following SAP,and cultured for aerobic as well as anaerobic bacterial growth.Specimens of tissue from mesentery lymph nodes,lung and pulmonary portal nodes and pancreas were removed,weighed and homogenized at the 7th day. Results:The levels of systemic plasma endotoxin and the magnitude of bacterial translocation to the portal and cycle blood and distant organs were significantly reduced the protein and DNA content of the small intestine and colon increased,and the height of the villi and the thickness of mucosa and whole bowel wall of the intestinel and colon improved in EEN group as compared with those in PN group. Conclusions:We conclude that EEN can improve gut metabolism,decrease the extent of mucosal atrophy,and assist in the maintenance of the mucosal barrier function.It is effective touse EEN in severe acute pancreatitis.

In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.

Objective To study the effect of propofol used for outpatient painless enteroscope on cognitive function.Methods One hundred and twenty ASAⅠ~Ⅱpatients scheduled for enteroscope were randomly divided into three groups .Propofol was given 1.5mg/kg(groupⅠ), 2mg /kg (group Ⅱ) or 2.5 mg/kg ( group Ⅲ) intravenously .The enteroscope was inserted when patient showed unconsciousness and no reaction to dictation .SpO2 was kept above 95%96% throughout enteroscope .All patients received neurobehavioral cognitive status examination ( NCSE ) and mini-mental state examination ( MMSE ) test 1 hour before enteroscope examination and 5 minutes,30 minutes, 1 hour after enteroscope examination was o-ver and must finish it within 15 min.The enteroscope examination time , vital signs, analgesia effects and intraoperative awareness were record .Results The ability of memory and calculation at 5 minutes after en-teroscope examination showed a statistical difference between group Ⅰ and ⅡorⅢ( P <0.05),there was no significant difference between in group II and in group Ⅲ( P >0.05 ) , The ability of memory and calcu-lation at 30 minutes, 1 hour after enteroscope examination there was no significant difference in three groups ( P >0.05 ) .In all patients ,the MMSE scores at 5 minutes after enteroscope examination were significant-ly lower than the baseline value ( P <0.05).The MMSE scores at 30 minutes, 1 hour after enteroscope examination in Ⅲgroup patients were significantly lower than the baseline value ( P <0.05 ) .The MMSE scores at 30 minutes, 1 hour after enteroscope examination in I group patients were significantly higher than that inⅡor Ⅲgroup( P <0.05).The MMSE scores at 30 minutes, 1 hour after enteroscope examination there was no significant difference between in group II and in group Ⅲ( P >0.05 ) .The NCSE and MMSE scores at 3hour, 12 hour after enteroscope examination there was no significant difference between in group I and II or Ⅲ( P >0.05).Conclusion Propofol 1.5mg/kg used for painless enteroscope examination has no effect on cognitive function .MMSE and NCSE are suitable for evaluation of outpatient's cognitive func-tion.

Objective To research mainly focuses on the changes of genomic DNA global methylation of peripheral blood CD14 + monocytes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods CD14 + monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of treatment group (CAD patients) and control group(no-CAD patients) by density gradient centrifugation and magnetic bead selection.We detected genomic DNA global methylation level with genome global methylation quantitation kit.Quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and methyl binding protein 2 (MBD2) mRNA.Results In control group and treatment group,genomic DNA global methylation levels of CD14 + monocytes were 0.30 ± 0.04,0.44 ± 0.03,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).In control group and treatment group,the expression levels of DNMT1 mRNA were 2.16 ± 0.32,1.40 ± 0.13,with significant difference(P ＜0.05).The expression levels of DNMT3A mRNA were 0.56 ± 0.05,0.89 ±0.12,with significant difference(P ＜0.05).The expression levels of DNMT3B mRNA were 0.59 ±0.07,0.97 ±0.10,with significant difference(P ＜0.01).The expression levels of MBD2 mRNA were 1.68 ±0.20,1.20 ±0.08,with significant difference(P ＜0.01).In treatment group of coronary heart disease,global methylation level and the expression levels of DNMT1 mRNA (r =0.648) as well as DNMT3B (r =0.700) were positive correlated and statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05),global methylation level and the expression levels of MBD2 (r =-0.540) were negative correlated and statistically significant(P ＜0.05),while global methylation level and the expression level of DNMT3A were not correlated,the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Genomic DNA of peripheral CD14 + monocytes in patients with coronary artery disease presents global hypermethylation,which may be as a result of out-of-balance between methylation and demethylation induced by abnormal expressions of DNMTs and MBD2.

Objective To explore the significance of urine deoxypyridinoline to diagnosis on osseous metastasis of lung neoplasms.Methods.182 cases with lung carcinoma was divided into two groups.One group was case with osseous metastasis,the other group was case without osseous metastasis,uDPD/uCr, uCa/Cr,sCa and sAKP in two groups were respectively compared.Sensitivity and specificity of these indexes to diagnosis on osseous metastasis of lung cancer were also acalculated and compared.80 cases without osseous metastasis were follow-up for 6 months.Results The ratio of uDPD/uCr with osseous metastasis group[(12.35?2.65)nmol/mmol]was significantly higher than that of without osseous metastasis group [(7.76?2.11)nmol/mmol](t=2.46,P

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model.Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully.miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h.The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining.The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05).The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05) , and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group.Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05).No difference of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of the Ilizarov technique for the treatment of the complex rigid talipes equinovarus deformities.Methods From July 2005 to July 2011,28 patients (41 feet) with rigid talipes equinovarus deformities which had been corrected with the Ilizarov technique were retrospectively analyzed,including 18 males (26 feet) and 10 females (15 feet) with an average age of 15.3 years.According to the classification system proposed by Diméglio,31 feet were categorized as grade Ⅲ,and 10 as grade Ⅳ.We performed corrections with a soft tissue release in 23 feet,and with a limited osteotomy in 18,and then a Ilizarov external fixator was applied.Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays were taken to compare the pre and postoperative data in terms of the angle of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion,the range of motion of the ankle joint,radiological measurements of the talocalcaneal angle.Results All the 28 patients achieved an outpatient follow-up,with an average of 25 months.All patients achieved a plantigrade foot with an almost normal appearance as the fixator was removed after applied for an average of 5.1 months (range,2-14).At the preoperative and final follow-up respectively,the angle of dorsiflexion of the foot was -45.0°±12.0° and 9.5°±5.5°,the angle of plantarflexion was 67.0°±14.0° and 45.5°±7.8°,talocalcaneal angle was 6.5°±4.5° and 22.5°±5.5° in anteroposterior radiograph and 5.5°±11.0° and 40.6°±8.5° in lateral radiograph.Spastic ischemia occurred in one foot and relieved by a slower distraction rate.Wire-hole infections occurred in 5 feet and treated by dressing changs,wire tract altering and antibiotic therapy,finally the infections were controlled.Deformity relapsed in one foot three months after the device was removed,then corrected with an additional fixator application and has not recurred till the final follow-up.Toe contracture and residual deformity occurred in 5 feet and 3 feet,respectively.Conclusion The Ilizarov technique is an effective method for correction of complex rigid talipes equinovarus deformities,with which the appearance and function of the foot could be kept as much as possible,and without impact on food development.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the distribution of anti-TTV antibody and the different ORF gene in different populations of China.

METHODSThe antibody to TTV in sera collected from different population were detected by using ELISA and the different ORF genes were amplified with PCR.

RESULTSThe positive rates of TTV ORF1 DNA, ORF2 DNA and the antibody in various populations were as follows: 16.0% (12/75), 10.7% (8/75) and 25.3% (19/75) in paid blood donors; 10.0 (3/30), 16.7% (5/30) and 16.7% (5/30) in patients with hepatitis A, 47.5% (19/40), 42.5% (17/40) and 22.5% (9/40) in patients with hepatitis B; 42.9% (15/35), 37.1% (13/35) and 28.6% (10/35) in patients with hepatitis C; 20.0% (3/15), 26.7% (4/15) and 13.3% (2/15)in patients with hepatitis D; 16.7% (2/12),16.7% (2/12) and 33.3% (4/12)in patients with hepatitis E; 23.8% (5/21), 38.1% (8/21) and 23.8% (5/21) in patients with hepatitis G; 61.1% (11/18), 50.0% (9/18) and 44.4% (8/18) in patients with non A-G hepatitis, respectively. The positive rate of different ORF DNA had no significant difference. Significant differences were found in the positive rates of TTV DNA in various populations. There was no relationship between the TTV DNA and the antibody to TTV.

CONCLUSIONSThe antibody to TTV and TTV DNA were found in every population of China. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of TTV DNA between ORF1 and ORF2. The positive rate in patients with non A-G hepatitis was higher than those in the other populations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Torque teno virus ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mitoPTP) were involved in the cardioprotection of ethanol postconditioning in isolated rat heart.

METHODSHearts isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused on a langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia (occlusion of left anterior descending artery) followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The ventricular hemodynamic parameters and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during reperfusion were measured. Infarct size was measured by TTC staining method and the expression of ALDH2 at mRNA level of left anterior myocardium was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTIn contrast to ischemia and reperfusion, ethanol postconditioning improved the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure, maximal rise/fall rate of left ventricular pressure during reperfusion, reduced LDH release and infarct size. The expression of ALDH2 mRNA level was increased. Administration of mitoPTP activator atractyloside attenuated the effect of ethanol postconditioning, LDH release and infarct size were increased, and the recovery of hemodynamic parameters was inhibited. The expression of ALDH2 mRNA was decreased.

CONCLUSIONEthanol postconditioning has cardioprotection effect, which may be associated with upregulating mitochondrial ALDH2 mRNA expression and inhibiting the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial ; Animals ; Ethanol ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley