Objective:To study the movement regularity of Ca~(2+) in tooth hard tissue.Methods:14 extracted intact caries-free teeth were cleaned and then immersed into artificial saliva in a divice with 3 chambers for enamel part,dentin part and cement part respectively.The concentration of Ca~(2+) in the chambers was measured with an ion meter,TECHNICON(AXON,USA),24 h after immersion of each tooth.Results:The Ca~(2+) concentration in tooth immersed fluid of enamel part was higher than that of dentin part(P

We analyzed the special characteristics of postgraduate education for anesthesiology majors based on the current situation of medical postgraduate education.Next,we introduced the ‘ sandwich' teaching method and discussed how it can promote students' subjective initiative by transforming various learning patterns.Finally,the effectiveness of study was elevated by ‘sandwich' teaching method.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of treating Parkinson disease(PD) by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Methods 45 patients with PD were randomly divided into two groups. 30 patients received rTMS therapy and 15 patients were given sham stimulation. Stimuli were delivered at an intensity of 110% of resting threshold (RT) and a frequency of 1Hz once a day for 10 days. All the patients were followed-up at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. The efficacy was assessed by UPDRS score, grooved pegboard test, timed motor test and 10m turned back test. All the patients stopped using dopaminergic drugs for at least 12h before each assessment. Results In rTMS treatment group, the UPDRS total scores, UPDRSⅠ-Ⅲ, the mean times of grooved pegboard and 10m turned back test were significantly decreased 10 days after treatment compared with pre-treatment (all (P)0.05), and PDQ scores significantly decreased 3 months after treatment. In sham treatment group, there was no difference of each index between pre- and post-sham treatment.Conclusion Low frequency rTMS may improve the symptoms of the patients with PD and raise their quality of life.

Objective To study the effect of hypothyroidism on oxidative stress status in developing rat brain and to further explore the mechanism of impaired brain development caused by hypothyroidism. Methods Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by administering propylthiouracil(PTU) solution to the dams by gavage.The oxidative stress indexes were measured in brain homogenate of normal and hypothyroid pups which were sacrificed on the 21st d after birth. Results As compared to the control,the following indexes were found to be increased in the hypothyroid group: protein carbonyl contents,thiobarbital acid reactive substances,reduced glutathione,total antioxidative capacity,activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase(P0.05). Conclusion Hypothyroidism during rat brain development may cause oxidative stress,which may be related to the brain damage caused by hypothyroidism.

Objective To evaluate the effect of infiltration anesthesia at Calot's triangle on postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods One hundred and forty patients,aged 18-64 yr,with 18 kg/m2 ≤ body mass index ≤ 31 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =70 each):control group (group A) and infiltration anesthesia at Calot's triangle group (group B).In group B,1％ ropivacaine 10 ml was injected into Calot's triangle before dissection of the gallbladder,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected into Calot's triangle in group A.The patients in both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for 48 h starting from 10 min before the end of surgery.The VAS score was maintained below 4 during PCIA.When VAS score ≥ 4,lasting for more than 30 min,tramadol 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously.The consumption of physic liquor for PCIA,and requirement for tramadol were recorded.The incidence of puncture-related damage to Calot's triangle and local anesthetic intoxication and adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting within 48 h after surgery were also recorded.The first postoperative flatus time was recorded.Results Compared with group A,the consumption of physic liquor for PCIA,requirement for tramadol,and consumption of tramadol were significantly reduced,and no significant change was found in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and the first postoperative flatus time in group B.No puncture-related damage to Calot's triangle occurred in A and B groups.There was no local anesthetic intoxication in group B.Conclusion Infiltration anesthesia at Calot's triangle can optimize postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; secondary

[Abstract ] Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a kind of multi-discipline technology which is based on evidence-based medicine and aims to optimize the current peri-operative management, reduce the stress and complications during the periopera-tive period and enhance recovery aftery surgery.The introduction and successful practice and generalization of ERAS promote the trans-formation of medical quality management thought, innovation of the clinical technologies and patients'rehabilitation process.In the era of ERAS, we should make efforts to promote the medical quality management by fully using new technologies from the aspects of impro-ving the understanding, strengthening team work and optimizaing information support.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of TGF‐β receptor Ⅰ /TGF‐β receptor Ⅱ (TGF‐β Ⅰ /TGF‐β Ⅱ) in human skin malignant melanoma A375 cell line .Methods The reverse transcription‐real time polymerase chain reac‐tion (RT‐PCR) and Western blot were utilized to assess the expressions of TGF‐βR Ⅰ /TGF‐‐βR Ⅱ in A375 cell line and human normal melanocytes .Results The expressions of TGF‐βR Ⅰ /TGF‐‐βR Ⅱ mRNA and protein of A375 cells line were significantly lower than those of human normal melanocytes .Conclusion The down‐regulated expression of TGF‐βR in the TGF‐β/Smad signal pathway of human skin malignant melanoma may be one of the pathogenesis of skin malignant melanoma .

Objective To evaluate the effect of the transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-extremity function rehabilitation and changes in the excitability of cerebral cortex,and to evaluate from the viewpoint of electro-physiology the prognosis so as to guide the rehabilitation treatment of patients after stroke.Methods Forty-six patients in the early stage after a stroke were given TMS examinations of the ipsilateral brain region.Those with the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) amplitudes lower than 50 μV were classified into a motion-induced experimental negative group (the negative group),whiie those whose MEP amplitude reached 50 μV or more were classified as movement-induced positive (the positive group).Both groups were given the same treatment.Before and after 2,4 and 8 weeks of treatment the Fugl-Meyer movement function rating scale was used to assess their bilateral upper limb movement function.TMS technology was used to detect any change in the resting motor threshold (RMT) and the amplitude (Amp) of MEPs in the motor cortex.The incubation period of the cortex (CL) and the central motor conduction time (CMCT) in the contralateral motor cerebral cortex were also observed.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the average score of the positive group on Fugl-Meyer upper movement function rating scale reached (54.99±2.76),significantly higher than before treatment and significantly higher than the negative group's average (P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the average score in the positive group had increased further to 73.11±2.98,still significantly higher than that of the negative group (P＜0.01).After treatment,RMT decreased progressively in both groups,but that of the negative group dropped from (98.35±10.12) to (30.35±7.31) (9＜0.01),with significantly greater decline in amplitude and rate than that of the positive group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the Amp of both groups showed a gradual increasing trend.Amp increased earlier in the positive group,but there was no significant difference in the extent of the increase between the two groups (P＞0.05).After the treatment the CL and CMCT had shortened significantly in the negative group compared to before the treatment (P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in CL and CMCT after the treatment (P＞0.05).Conclusions The excitability of the contralateral motor cortex changes after a stroke.TMS can be used to characterize the MEP to monitor and predict recovery.This should help clinicians prepare more scientific rehabilitation plans.

Objective To investigate the effect of triiodothyronine on the expression of alpha subunit of C protein Co (Coa) gene in cultured rat cerebral cortex neurons. Methods Primary cultured neurons of rat were prepared from the cerebral cortex at embryonic day 19. The neurons were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum. After 7 days, the neurons were cultured in different media; DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum (group A), DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum stripped of thyroid hormone (group B), 0.5nmol/L T3-containing DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum stripped of thyroid hormone (group C) , 5nmol/L T3-containing DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum stripped of thyroid hormone (group D) and 50nmol/L T3-containing DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum stripped of thyroid hormone (group E). The neurons were cultured for another 7 days and total RNA was extracted. Goa mRNA leves were measured by competitive RT-PCR. Results As compared with group A, Coa mRNA leves in group B, D and E were low (P 0.05). Conclusion T, has dual effects on the expression of Coa gene in cultured rat cerebral cortex neurons. T3 down-regulated Coa mRNA in cultured neuron. However, in the absence of T3, Goa mRNA was also very low. Thyroid hormone may exert their action on brain development by regulating the the expression of Goa gene.