0.05) respectively in groupC1-C4,while in groups T1-T5,the rates were 21%,28%,36%,40%,37.5% ( P 0.05).However,the differentiation rate of MSCs increased probably with the incubation time prolonged.During the procedure of MSCs differentiation,the expression pattern of some genes such as GATA4 and cTNT may make some difference.

Objective:To observe the tansdifferentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte in a coculture system with cardiomyocytes.Methods:Newly born Wistar Rats' cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured and the cells were labeled with DAPI.Prepared MSCs were planted into the cardiomyocytes dishes to establish a co-culture system.Supernatant liquid of the cardiomyocytes or fibroblast was added the MSCs(non-labeled) dishes as the control. After one week of coculture,fluorescence microscope observation and immunocytochemical staining with cTnT was performed to evaluate the phenotype changes in non-labeled MSCs.Results:MSCs and cardiomyocytes were connect with each other by net in culture plate after a few days of coculture;some non-labeled cells were positively stained by cTnT antibody while the MSCs cultured with cardiomyocytes or fibroblast supernatant liquid were stained negatively.Conclusion:To obtain cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro,direct contact of MSCs with cardiomyocytes is essential.The signaling molecules induce MSCs' transformation into cardiomyocytes are likely some membrane proteins on the surface of cardiomyocytes.

Ocular neovascularization,abnormal formation of new vessels from pre-existing capillaries,is a special pathologic change of many ocular diseases,including diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity,etc..Ocular neovascular diseases comprise the common causes of blindness in millions of people.Recent studies showed that kringle domains from many endogenous proteins inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in vitro and neovascular formation in vivo.Hence kringle domain with conservative structure has been considered as a potential inhibitor of neovascularization.The update studies on antiangiogenic kringle domains and its inhibition on ocular neovascularization were summarized.

This paper argues that the core idea of evidence-based medicine is to “follow the evidence”,whose essence is a model of clinical medical service,and a guiding ideology for the clinical practice.It has become a proper noun nowadays.The wording “evidence-based medicine teaching method”needs discussion, because “evidence-based medicine” and “teaching method” are lack of logical internal relations in concept.The teaching method of scientific sense has its own characteristics and requirements.To name a teaching method,it is necessary to define its peculiar connotation in teaching method,with specific procedures and steps to form a complete set of scientific method of teaching.

The research methods, such as philology of medicine history and comparison between tradition and modern and so on were adopted in this article to study the acupuncture-moxibustion development after western medicine spreading to the East in Japan and its main transition under the impact of western medicine. The results showed that from Meiji to Showa period, under the influence of western medicine, the transition of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion mainly embodied in following three aspects, incuinng acupuncture works absorbing western medicine knowledge, applying experiment measures to explore acupuncture principle and launching acupuncture teaching in accordance with Europe and America academy educational pattern. The changes on acupuncture works, teaching materials and methods of researching and teaching have triggered the transition and transformation of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion from tradition to modern.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; trends ; History of Medicine ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Japan ; Medicine ; trends ; Medicine in Literature ; Moxibustion ; history ; trends

Objective To investigate the effect of hypertensive perfusion which induced by norepinephrine on the TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and the activity of Na~+-K~+-ATPase in lung tissue and to observe the morphology of lung tissue. Method Ten domestic pigs were suffered from ventricular fibrillation for 4 minutes and applied cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The pigs they were divided into two groups. Hypertensive perfusion group( n = 5) :the mean arterial pressure, which induced by norepinephrine was maintained as 130% as baseline for 4 hours; nor-real perfusion group( n = 5) : the mean arterial pressure was maintained as baseline for 4 hours, too. Hemodynamic parameters was observed, blood samples were extracted to detect the TNF-α and IL-6 in serum at the time of baseline, 10 min, 2 h and 4 h after successful resuscitation. The expression of Na~+ -K~+ -ATPase in lung tissue and the change of ultrastmeture and pathology in lung tissue was detected at 24 h. All values were analyzed by student' s t test. Results There was no influence on hemodynamic parameters except the blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive perfusion group. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced(P < 0.01 ) and the activity of Na~+-K~+ -ATPase was upgraded in hypertensive perfusion group. Hypertensive perfusion could play a protective role on the morphology of alveolar cell. Conclusions Hypertensive perfusion which induced by norepinephrine could reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines, upgrade the activity of the Na~+-K~+-ATPase, decrease the consumption of surfactant and have an important protective effect on lung tissue.

Objective To investigate the changes of cesarean section rate and indications in different level hospitals of different areas in China during 2000 to 2009. Methods Literatures published in Chinese journals on variation of cesarean section rate and indications from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed. Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend. The differences of cesarean section rate between different areas or different level hospitals were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Forty-nine papers were enrolled in this study.Cesarean section rate had risen from 2000 (32.1％,10 353/32 258) to 2009 (52.5％,3674/6992)(Z=-20.8267,P＜0.01).During 2000 to 2008,the average cesarean section rate of level one grade A hospital was 45.7％ (3754/8214),which was higher than 34.5％(25 015/72 507) in level three grade A hospital and 32.3％(28 140/87 121) in level two grade B hospital (P＜0.05,respectively).Except for level three grade A hospital,cesarean section rate had risen in the other two level hospitals during 2003 to 2008. The average cesarean section rate was 58.6％ (4982/8502) in northeast area during 2000 to 2007,which was higher than that of other areas (P＜0.01); and the average cesarean section rate was 27.5％ (12 264/44 595) in central China and 33.0％ (23 239/70 421) in southern China,which were lower than that of other areas (P＜ 0.01 ). Social factor,instead of dystocia,became the most important indication for cesarean section,and its proportion kept rising annually,from 11.3％ (1170/10 353) in 2000 to 27.1％(2094/7726) in 2008 and remained above 20.0％(5159/24 691) since 2004.The proportion of scar uterus rose from 6.7％(694/10 353) in 2000 to 12.5％ (459/3674) in 2009. Conclusions Cesarean section rate rises fast and its major indications had changed in China. It is suggested that special method should be taken to control the current situation.

In the several years,clinical practice,Professor LU Zhi-zheng has accumulated abundant experiences in the treatment of splenic-gastric diseases,and developed a unique treatment system of splenic-gastric diseases. Through the analysis of the recent cases dealt with by Professor LU Zhi-zheng,fi ve features of treatment are preliminarily summarized,i.e. combination of dryness and moisture,independence of increase and decrease upon each other,co-utilization of coldness and warmth,simultaneous application of reducing and nourishing therapies and co-treatment of splenic and gastric diseases,which fully embody the dialectical treating philosophy of Yuan-ji-huo-fa of Professor LU Zhi-zheng,and such treating method is of considerable guiding signifi cance for us to cure the splenic-gastric diseases and other diffi cult and complicated diseases by treating the splenic-gastric diseases.

Background and purpose:Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death receptor ligand that can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines, but not all cancer cells . Past studies suggested that some chemotherapeutic drugs intensified the sensitivity of TRAIL induced apoptosis.We investigated the effect and potential mechanism of combined paclitaxel and TRAIL on apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell in vitro. Methods:SGC7901 cells were cultured with paclitaxel at different concentrations(1,5,10,20,40 ?g/ml) and different time(12,24,36,48 hr), methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to measure the anticancer activity of paclitaxel.The ability of TRAIL alone,paclitaxel alone and TRAIL in combination with paclitaxel to induce apoptosis was measured by a flow cytometer. Expression of DR4,DR5, DcR1,DcR2,Caspase-8 and Bcl-2 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR.Results:The apoptosis rates of control group(C group),paclitaxel group(P group),TRAIL group (T group)and combination group(T+P)in 24 hr were 2.09%,10.65%,7.79% and 24.51%, respectively. The apoptosis rate in T+P group was significantly higher than that in C group, T group and P group(P

Objective To explore the characteristics of human thermal response in the natural cold environment.Methods Investigated and contrasted the skin temperature,thermal response characteristic and thermal comfort results of five women and fifteen men,aged 20 to 32 years,5 to 8 years of local living,in indoor warm environment and outdoor natural cold environment in the end of November,2007,in suburb of a city in Sinkiang(height 1 600 m,the lowest outdoor temperature in winter is-25℃ and the highest outdoor temperature in winter is 5℃,indoor average temperature is 18℃).The measurement on site and questionnaires were used.Results The mean thermal comfort vote(MTCV) mostly distributes around-3(mostly uncomfortable) when the outdoor temperature is-4.3--5.0 ℃,relative humidity is 65.2%-66.7%,The mean thermal sensation vote(MTSV) is-1.5(clod) to-3(quite cold).Human body could appear different degree of cold intensity sense and the body could not help quivering.Noses,ears and hands appeared different degree of rose color.Eyes became dryness and weep after staying long time outdoor.Conclusion Temperature,relative humidity and wind speed all around affected the mean thermal sense vote value and mean thermal comfort vote value.In the environment of low temperature,humidity and wind speed could increase the intension of cold action.Human is more sensitive to cold sense than thermal sense.