Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae,and substantially harms human health and socioeconomic development.Due to inappropriate treatment and the presence of drug resistance genes in patients,antibiotic resistance has emerged in Neisseria gonorrhoeae,such as resistance to penicillin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,or other antibiotics.Currently,extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are the first-line treatment of gonococcal infection.With the wide use of ESCs,the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ESCs has been decreasing gradually,and there have been reports on cases of treatment failure in clinical practice.In order to control gonorrhea and deal with drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae,combined therapy,alternative therapy and new drugs have been developed in clinic.

Objective Through testing levels of serum IL-31 and its soluble form of oncostatin M receptor (sOSMR)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in disease activity and remission ,to analyze the relationship between their levels and disease activity ,and further explore the pathogenesis of RA and treatment to provide new ideas. Method 60 patients with RA were selected ,and 23 healthy controls were selected as controls. The serum levels of IL-31 and sOSMR in the 2 groups were detected by ELISA. Results Firstly,The levels of IL-31 in se-rum of RA patients were higher than those of control(P < 0.05). The levels of serum IL-31 in RA moderate and high activity group were higher than those in the low activity group and remission group(all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the level of serum sOSMR in RA and control(P>0.05),and the levels of serum sOSMR in RA activity groups and remission group were no statistical difference(P > 0.05). (2)The IL-31 were positively correlated with RF,CDAI,ESR and CRP levels(all P<0.05). Conclusion IL-31 may be involved in the pathological and development process of RA and related to disease activity ,which can be an indicator of RA disease activity assessment.

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Objective To analyze the outcomes and prognostic factors of esophageal carcinoma treated with three-dimensional eonformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Methods From January 2001 to August 2007, 209 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with 3DCRT were retrospectively analyzed. The local control rotes, the survival rates and the related prognostic factors were evaluated with SPSS 11.5 software. Results The follow-up rate was 98. 1% by December 2008. The number of patients followed up for 1,3, 4 and 5 years was 209,131,95 and 56, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 4-year local control rates were 74. 9%, 50. 4% and 45. 8%, respectively. The 1-, 3-and 4-year overall survival rates were 64. 6%, 30. 8% and 23.6%, respectively, with a median survival time of 18 months. Univariate analysis showed that the significant prognostic factors included the degree of dysphagia, tumor site, lesion length in barium esophagogram and CT image, the largest diameter of lesion in CT image, T stage, N stage, clinical TNM stage, short term effect, and degree of acute esophagitis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the degree of dysphagia, primary tumor site, clinical stage, and radiotherapy technique (3DCRT or late half course 3DCRT) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Three-dimensional conformai radiotherapy is effective and feasible in the treatment of esophageal cancer. The degree of dysphagia, primary tumor site, and clinical stage are independent prognostic factors for survival of patients treated with 3DCRT.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary experimental study found that the human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs)transplantation can improve nerve injury symptoms of rats with cerebral infarction.OBJECTIVE: To observe the survival, colonization and differentiation of hAMSCs in the infarct area of cerebralinfarction rats.METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into hAMSCs transplantation, model or shamoperation groups (n=20/group). Animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were produced in the model andtransplantation groups by Zea-Longa method. One day after modeling, rats in the hAMSCs transplantation groupwere given in situ transplantation of 10 μL of hAMSCs (2×106) into the damaged striatum and cortex, while those inthe model and sham operation group were given the same volume of PBS. Within 1 week after transplantation, ratneurological defects were assessed and changes in their body mass were continuously monitored. Two weeks aftertransplantation, TTC staining was used to observe cerebral infarct size, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used forpathological observation of brain tissues, and immunofluorescent staining was used to detect expression ofneuron-specific nuclear protein.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With time, weight loss was increased while neurologic deficit scores were graduallyreduced in the hAMSCs and model groups. Compared with the model group, the weight loss and neurologic deficitscores were lower in the hAMSCs group,; however, there was a significant difference in the neurologic deficit scoresbut not in the weight loss between the two groups. Additionally, the hAMSCs significantly reduced infarct size,attenuated pathologic injury, and decreased the number of inflammatory cells. Immunofluorescence stainingshowed that the hAMSCs were observed at 1 week after transplantation under inverted luorescence microscope,and gradually differentiated into nerve cells at 2 weeks after transplantation. In conclusion, transplanted hAMSCsmay migrate to and survive in the cerebral infarct region, and differentiate into nerve cells in situ in rats with cerebralinfarction.

The present paper is to evaluate the scientific research level and development trends of biomedical engineering in China using metrology analysis on Chinese biomedical engineering scientific literatures. Pubmed is used to search the biomedical engineering publications in recent 5 years which are indexed by Science Citation Index, and the number and cited times of these publications and the impact factor of the journals are analyzed. The results show that comparing with the world, although the number of the publication in China has increased in recent 5 years, there is still much room for improvement. Among Chinese mainland, Hongkong and Taiwan, Chinese mainland maintains the obvious advantage in this subject, but Hongkong has the highest average cited number. Shanghai and Beijing have better research ability than other areas in Chinese mainland.
Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Engineering ; China ; Hong Kong ; Journal Impact Factor ; Periodicals as Topic ; PubMed ; Taiwan

As the development of international education in our school,concern with the culture shock,which caused by the differences cultural background,is increasing.We talk about our feelings of how to solve the culture shock by summarizing the culture shock and its manifestation for exploration of further improving our management level and teaching work.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT)in the diagnosis of focal pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules(fGGO)of 1 cm or less.Methods The MSCT examination data of 95 patients with subcentimeter fGGO was analyzed and compared with pathology results.The different pathological types of fGGP lesion size,internal solid component size,mixed type ground glass nodules (mGGO)proportion and pleural sag,lesion shape,grave leaves,burr,cavitation and the boundary conditions were compared. According to the relationship of the lesions and the surrounding blood vessels,3 types were classified,and the relationship of fGGO and blood vessel were analyzed.Results The minimal lesion was 0.41 cm of 95 cases and the maximum was 0.99 cm.There was statistically signifi-cant difference in the lesion size,solid component sizes,mGGO and lobulation occupied the percentage of the group before infiltrating and the adenocarcinoma group (P <0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in pleural indentation,lesion shape,burr,vacuoles and boundary conditions (P >0.05).The difference was statistically significant in the leaflet occupied the percentage of the benign group com-pared with the adenocarcinoma group,and the differences of the remaining features were not statistically significant compared with the adeno-carcinoma group(P >0.05).According to the relstionship between fGGO and the vessels,patients in the benign group were type Ⅰ or typeⅡ,type Ⅲ was found in 10 cases of the group before infiltrating (25.6%),and type Ⅲ in 17 cases of the adenocarcinoma group (39.5%), the proportion of type Ⅲ of the group before infiltrating and the adenocarcinoma group was higher than that of the benign group (P <0.05). Conclusion The qualitative diagnosis of pulmonary fGGO is difficult,and the relationship between the morphology of the lesions under the MSCT and the surrounding vessels have some value for the diagnosis of the lesions.

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)2DS1-mediated natural killer (NK) cells against dendritic cells (DCs) and analysis the expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 after KIR2DS1-positive NK cells interact with the C2 epitope DCs in vitro,and explore the mechanism of alloreactive NK cell to limit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).Methods NK cells were separated by Rosettesep NK sorting kit from healthy donor peripheral blood and taken as effector cells.The mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients,and DCs were induced as target cells.Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques and direct sequencing SBT were used to detect KIR gene,HLA-Cw of the healthy donors and patients.The cytotoxic activity of KIR2DS1-positive NK cells or KIR2DS1-negative NK cells against DCs were detected by CCK-8 assay.The expression of CCR7 after NK cells interacted with DCs was detected by flow cytometry.Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (94.20±1.23) ％.Under same target ratio (10∶1),the killing effect of KIR2DS1+ NK cell against DCs was higher than that in KIR2DS1-NK cells (t =3.70,P ＜ 0.05).Under same target ratio (10∶1),the cell lysis in C1/C1 group,KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2/C2 group DCs (15.06±1.81) ％ was significantly higher than that against C1/C1 group (10.07±1.03) ％ and C1/C2 group (8.65±0.93) ％ DCs (F =56.368,P =0.001).KIR2DS1 + NK cells efficiently acquired CCR7 upon coculture with C2 epitope DCs.Conclusions NK cell expressing the KIR2DS1-activating receptor efficiently kill DCs,prevent GVHD,while enable NK cell acquire CCR7,obtaining migratory properties in vitro.

Objective Establishment and development of a novel Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism TaqMan Real-Time PCR assay for rapid detection of rs12979860 that predicts HCV therapy response.Methods Human genomic DNA were extracted from solid tissues,secretion and plasma before allelic discrimination.With the property of minor groove binding protein (MGB) binding to minor groove of DNA with strong specificity and affinity,primers and MGB probes were particularly designed for differentiation of human genomic frequencies.MGB probe-based real-time PCR was established to increase allelic discrimination using two probes that only differ in one nucleotide of IL28B rs12979860.The specificity was evaluated by fluorescence signal emissions which were selected from two signal channels.And DNA sequencing was used to confirm the genomic polymorphisms.Results TaqMan probe-based SNP real-time PCR increased allelic discrimination using two probes that only differ by one nucleotide of amplicon,which indicated this assay was easily performed regardless of genomic DNA concentration and quality,minimizes sources of error.The sensitivity was as low as 1.5 ng/μl,the amplification efficacy was 97.6％.The genotype frequencies of CC,CT were remarkably different between Caucasian and Mongolian.The dominated genotype of Caucasian was CT,while most Mongolian was carried CC (26/40 vs.40/50,x-2 =18.75,P value ＜ 0.05).However,the genotype between two population showed no relationship with their virological clearance clinically (P value ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This TaqMan MGB assay shows highly specificity,which has potential as a routine diagnostic test for the detection of rs12979860 from various types of samples.This robust assay would be widely used clinically to predict patients' response before anti-HCV treatment in personalized medicine.