BACKGROUND:High-density lipoprotein is related to lipid metabolism, but its function cannot be restricted to the scope of lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, exercise regulation has effects on the activity and amount of high-density lipoprotein, but the optimal movement pattern needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To offer the theoretical support for formulating fitness training and prospect the possible direction and reference in fol ow-up studying the biological function and exercise regulation of high-density lipoprotein. METHODS:PubMed database was searched for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the keywords of“HDL and exercise, HDL and biological function”in English. Final y, 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The biological functions of high-density lipoprotein mainly include high-density lipoprotein-mediated metabolism of glucose, protein and fat, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and insulin secretion, and at the same time, we summarize the effects of exercise on the concentration, numbers of molecular and components of high-density lipoprotein. The results indicate that the combination of resistance and endurance training is the best way for raising the concentration and functional effects of high-density lipoprotein.

Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl

We are facing increasing stress and challenges because of the fierce competition and fast pace of daily work and life.In other words,we are exposed to more frequent and intense social stress.Continual and intense stress is known to be detrimental to human well-being.Stress has been regarded as a major contributing factor of human diseases.There-fore,it′s necessary to review the recent research progress in stress biomarkers that are of different types,such as cortisol,α-amylase,catecholamine,heat shock protein and cytokines.In this review,we will focus on the most well reported stress biomarkers,including cortisol and α-amylase.We hope that this review will enable researchers and practitioners to gain in-sights into stress biomarkers,which will lead to improved healthcare decisions regarding prevention,treatment and rehabili-tation of stress-related diseases.

Objective To explore the correlation of pathological changes and imaging through a control study on pathology and imaging of 4 cases of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT).Methods By HE and Gallyas silver dyeing,four immunohistochemical methods were carried out The loss of neurons cells of all lobes of cerebral cortex,cingulate gyrus,amygdaloid nucleus,hippocampal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,meynert basal nucleus,substantia nigra,locus ceruleus,dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve,senile plaques (SP) and the changes of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) were observed in detail The control study of pathology and imaging was carried out by comparison of CT in different phases before and after death of the patient.Results The degeneration of temporal lobe was marked: (1) The degeneration of middle frontal gyrus of cortex of frontal lobe was the most evident; (2) The degeneration of long gyrus was more evident than that of the short gyrus as the cortex of insular lobe was concerned; (3) The degeneration posterior part of cingulated gyrus was more evident than that of the anterior part.Conclusion The pathological findings of SDAT mentioned above are basically in conformity with the changes of imaging.

Abstract: TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important roles in regulating cell growth, adhesion, differentiation, cell dynamic balance, and immune responses. The higher activity of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may promote scar formation, organ fibrosis, immunosuppression, and late-stage cancer progression, while low activity may lead to inflammation, dysplasia, poor healing and oncogenesis. The function of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is extremely complex and can exhibit inhibitory or enhancing effects on immunity and inflammation under different circumstances, but immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects are dominant. During HIV infection, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway interacts with HIV in a complex manner as HIV proteins tat and gp120 can induce TGF-β expression. Meanwhile, this signaling pathway may also play a role in HIV infection and replication, latent virus reservoir, host immune deficiency and HIV-related inflammation. It is worth noting that even though TGF-β, which mainly exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, is induced by HIV, high levels of TGF-β do not seem to inhibit HIV-related inflammation. So far, the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection has not been elucidated, and its role and mechanism in HIV infection and related illnesses need further exploration and validation. This review summarizes the relevant research progress on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection, and provides a reference for further understanding of HIV pathogenesis and exploring strategies of AIDS treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzenesulfonates ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Niacinamide ; analogs & derivatives ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Pyridines ; therapeutic use

Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA ; genetics ; RNA Splicing ; Spliceosomes ; genetics

Nicotinic acid could increase high density lipoprotein and reduce serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in human bodies, thus is frequently applied in treating low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia in clinic. However, according to the findings, nicotinic acid could also cause adverse effects, such as skin flush, beside its curative effects. In this study, bioisosterism, fragment-based search and Lipinski's Rule of Five were used to preliminarily screen out potential TCM ingredients that may have similar pharmacological effects with nicotinic acid from Traditional Chinese medicine database (TCMD). Afterwards, homology modeling and flexible docking were used to further screen out potential nicotinic acid receptor agonists. As a result, eleven candidate compounds were derived from eight commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. Specifically, all of the candidate compounds' interaction with nicotinic acid receptor was similar to nicotinic acid, and their docking scores were all higher than that of nicotinic acid, but their druggability remained to be further studied. Some of the eight source traditional Chinese medicines were used to lower lipid according to literature studies, implying that they may show effect through above means. In summary, this study provides basis and reference for extracting new nicotinic acid receptor agonists from traditional Chinese medicines and improving the medication status of hyperlipidemia.
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; Nicotinic Acids ; chemistry ; Nicotinic Agonists ; chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; agonists ; chemistry ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; chemistry

To compare immunological characteristics of Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) and Clumping factor A (CfA) of Staphylococcus aureus, we constructed two prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-Efb and pET28a-ClfA. After prokaryotical expression and purification, Efb and ClfA were used to immunize experimental animal. After the second immunization the antisera were collected and the antibody titers, the bacteria binding activity and adhesion inhibition activity of these antisera were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, adhesion inhibition assay and challenge. Both Efb and ClfA had Fibrinogen binding activity whereas the former had better Fibronectin binding activity. The bacteria binding capability of antisera of rabbits immunized with ClfA was better than that with Efb (P < 0.01). Both antisera of Efb and ClfA could inhibit adherence activity of Staphylococcus aureus to Fibrinogen and Fibronectin adherence compare to the control group (P < 0.01), and Efb had better adhesion inhibition activity than ClfA. The antibody titer of immunized group could reach 1:40 500. After the second immunization, both Efb and ClfA had good protective efficacy. This result constitutes a good foundation for Staphylococcus aureus subunit vaccine development.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Proteins ; immunology ; Cattle ; microbiology ; Coagulase ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Immunization ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcal Infections ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus