Objective To detect the levels of CD4+CD25HiCD127Low regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and its clinical significance in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood were detected by three-color flow cytometry (FCM) in 80 patients with esophageal cancer and 20 healthy controls. Among the 80 patients, 30 patients were also further studied for preoperative and postoperative comparison after operation. The clinical and pathological data of each patient were collected and analyzed for the correlation with the Treg levels. Results The level of Treg in the peripheral blood of the control group was lower than that of the esophageal cancer patients [(3.36±1.14) % and (5.70±1.96) %, respectively], with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood was higher in the patients with metastasis of lymph node (n=40) than that in the patients without metastasis of lymph node (5.96±1.36) % and (4.23±1.18) %, respectively] (n=30), with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients were negatively correlated with their TNM classification. As the TNM classification advanced, the level of the Treg in the peripheral blood increased. Conclusion The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients with esophageal cancer are significantly higher than that of the healthy subjects, which is correlated with the clinical and pathological conditions. The development of esophageal cancer may relate with suppression of immune function.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method to determine and compare the contents of sodium benzoate in medicinal(phar-maceutical excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients) and non-medicinal (chemical reagents and food additives) grade. METHODS:HPLC was conducted for content determination,SPSS 18.0 software was adopted to compare the results. The column was Purospher STAR LP RP-18 endcapped with mobile phase of acetotrile-0.02% formic acid(adjusted pH to 4.0 with aqua ammo-nia)(30∶70,V/V)at a flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 230 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and vol-ume injection was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of sodium benzoate was 10.5-525.3 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision, stability,reproducibility and durability tests were lower than 0.5%;recovery was 99.38%-101.26%(RSD=0.56%,n=9). The av-erage contents of sodium benzoate in medicinal and non-medicinal grade were between 99.400%-99.875%,but the average content of non-medicinal grade is lower than the medical grade. CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate and simple with high specificity and good reproducibility,and can be used to determine and compare the content of sodium benzoate in medicinal and non-medici-nal grade.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological significance of the expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The expression level of ANXA2 in normal liver,liver cirrhosis and HCC were examined by Western blot.The correlation between ANXA2 expression and clinicopathological parameters in liver fibrosis and HCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the normal liver tissue,ANXA2 protein expression level increased significantly in HCC and liver cirrhosis,with the highest expression in HCC (P =0.000).There was significantly positive relationship between ANXA2 protein expression and stages for liver fibrosis (P ＜ 0.01).The expression of ANXA2 protein in HCC was closely associated with HBV infection,differentiation degree and the recurrence (P ＜ 0.05).In some cases,ANXA2-positive cancer cells were often dispersed in the periphery of cancer nodules and were adjacent to stromal cells.Conclusion Overexpression of ANXA2 may be involved in liver fibrosis and play a role in the development of HCC,indicating ANXA2 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for liver fibrosis and tumor differentiation in HCC.

This paper discussed the interference and noise of medical electronic device and their generation, hazard, depression and application, of which some ones are pointed out for the first time.

Objective To study the effects of different type of parathyroid damage to the postoperative functional recovery of parathyroid,through establish an animal model by simulating total thyroidectomy and parathyroid damage during surgical operation.Methods Experimental rabbits for the study were randomly divided into A,B,C,D four groups (n =8),Group A (control group):simple exposure,exploration thyroid and parathyroid;group B (vascular injury group):total thyroidectomy and ligation bilateral parathyroid blood supply but keep the surrounding membrane;Group C (membrane damage group):total thyroidectomy and damage membrane but reservations blood supply.Group D (composite damage group):total thyroidectomy plus membrane and blood both damage;All animals were monitored of serum calcium and PTH,preoperative 1 days and postoperative 1 st day,3rd day,5th day,7t day;cut the parathyroid HE staining to observed survival of parathyroid tissue and pathology damage when 7th day after operation.Results (1) Animals in each group preoperative serum calcium and PTH were no significant difference (P ＞0.05);(2)Group A postoperative serum calcium decreased,but at 5th day returned to preoperative level (P ＞ 0.05);Group B and C postoperative 1st day,3rd day,5th day serum calcium decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05)and to the lowest at 1 d and then gradually recovered,but group C faster recovered than group B (P ＜ 0.05);Group D postoperative 1 st day,3rd day serum calcium continued to decline significantly (P ＜ 0.05);(3) Group A postoperative serum PTH decreased,but at 7th days returned to preoperative level (P ＞ 0.05).Group B and C postoperative 1st day,3rd day,5th days serum PTH decreased significantly(P ＜0.05)and to the lowest at 1 d and then gradually recovered,but from postoperative 3rd day group C faster recovered than group B(P ＜ 0.05);Group D postoperative 1 st day,3rd day serum PTH continued to decline significantly (P ＜ O.05);(4) Pathology results:Group A parathyroid filled with chief cells and a small amount of vacuolar changes (5％ to 10％);Group B parathyroid hemorrhage,necrosis (40％ to 50％),part of the cell degeneration (30％ to 40％),center with fibrosis,seen granuloma and hyperplasia of parathyroid tissue in surrounding;Group C parathyroid bleeding (10％ to 20％),part of the cell degeneration (10％ to 20％);Group D parathyroid severe necrosis,almost no normal parathyroid tissue,significant fibrosis,less residual parathyroid tissue was scattered.Conclusions (l) The recover of Parathyroid function is influenced by the type of parathyroid in situ injury during thyroidectomy,composite damage of blood supply and membrane of parathyroid is the most serious,parathyroid ischemia necrosis,the function can not be restored,pure blood supply damaged,some can restore function,and the parathyroid gland with vascular pedicle can be recovered quickly.(2) Severe blood supply and membrane damaged,and even free parathyroid should be transplanted immediately during operation.

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of bile duct complications after cholecystectomy. Methods Fifty patients of having bile duct complications after cholecystectomy underwent MR imaging and had some positive manifestations. The indication for cholecystectomy was symptometic cholelithiasis in all cases. MR imaging was performed with a 1.5 T clinical imager including all of the sequences of: ①T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) was performed in transverse and coronal plane before and after gadolinium enhanced. ②T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) was performed in transverse plane. ③A true fast imaging with steady state precession sequence (True fisp) was performed in coronal plane. ④MR cholangiopancreatography was also obtained. Results The bile duct complications after cholecystectomy including: 22 cases of cholelithiasis, 15 cases of chronic cholangitis with or without bile duct abscess. Bile duct strictures or abruption at the confluence of hepatic and common bile duct in 6 and 3 cases respectively. Tumors of bile duct or pancreas in 9 cases. The other complications after cholecystectomy including bile leak with choleperitonitis and/or biloma and acute pancreatitis.Conclusion MR imaging was a valuable method for the assessment of bile duct complications after cholecystectomy. MR imaging could assess the etiology of bile duct complications. If there were bile duct obstruction, MR imaging could assess the location and the severe of obstruction. For bile duct or pancreatic tumors, MR imaging could assess the areas of tumor infiltration and resection and was helpful to select treatment methods. Before lapatoscopic cholecystectomy, the overall and careful imaging assessment for bile duct and gallbladder and its adjacent hepatic tissue and pancreas so to avoid missing the relative tumors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effective method of the prevention and treatment of procedural pain in dressing changes of burn wounds.

METHODSNinety patients of burn injury were randomized into 3 groups, 30 cases in each one. In the group A, fentanyl citrate injection was used at corresponding injury area, jiaogan (AH6a, sympathetic nerve), fei (CO14, lung), neifenmi (CO18, endocrine) on ear, 0.25 mL at each point. In the group B, fentanyl citrate injection was applied subcutaneously in the deltoid muscle, 1 mL. In the group C, 0.9% sodium chloride injection was applied subcutaneously in the deltoid muscle, 1 mL. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the analgesic effect before, during and 10 min after dressing change in the patients of the three groups separately.

RESULTSIt was not different in VAS score before dressing change among the three groups (P> 0.05). Compared with that before dressing change, the pain was not significant and VAS score was not different during and after dressing change in the patients of the group A (both P>0.05), but the score in the patients of the group B and C was different significantly (all P<0.05). The VAS score during and after dressing change in the group A was lower than that in the group B and C (all P<0.05), and the score in the group B was lower than that in the group C (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFentanyl injection of small dose at auricular points achieves definite analgesic effect on procedural pain in dressing changes of burn wounds, superior to subcutaneous injection of fentanyl.

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; Female ; Fentanyl ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Pain Measurement ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effect of temozolomide on apoptosis and molecular mechanism in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell H446. Methods The effect of temozolomide on the viability of H446 cell was measured by MTT assay.The effect of temozolomide on cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.The activation of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway and expression level of downstream target genes (Cyclin B1), cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2), Bax, Bcl-2 and Survivin were detected by western blot.Results Temozolomide (50, 100, 200 μmol/L) could inhibit H446 cell viability, and the inhibitory rate was highest at 48 h.Moreover, temozolomide made H446 cell cycle arrested in G2 phase.Western blott showed the expression of PI3K, Cyclin B1, Cdc2, Bcl-2, Survivin and the phosphorylation of AKT were reduced, but the expression of Bax were increased by temozolomide.Conclusion Temozolomide could induce SCLC cell H446 apoptosis via blocking PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Amyloid ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Plaque, Amyloid ; pathology ; Prolactin ; secretion ; Prolactinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of about 3 500 subjects derived from 17 studies of Himalayan highlanders (Tibetans, Sherpas, and Ladakhis) was compared with lowlanders (Chinese Han, Indian Tamils) lived in the Himalayas, and European climbers during Everest expeditions as well as Andean natives. The results found that Hb concentration in Himalayan highlanders was systemically lower than those reported for Andean natives and lowland immigrants. These comparative data demonstrated that a healthy native population may successfully reside at high altitude without a significant elevation in Hb, and the lower Hb levels of Himalayan highlanders than those of migrated lowlanders and Andean natives are an example of favourable adaptation over the generations. In addition, excessive polycythemia has frequently been used as a marker of chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Altitude populations who have a higher Hb concentration also have a higher incidence of CMS. The low Hb in Himalayans suggested as showing adaptation over many generations in Tibetan stock. Recent work in Tibet, suggested that Tibetans there may have adapted to high altitude as a result of evolutionary pressure selecting for genes which give an advantage at altitude. All of the population genomic and statistical analysis indicated that EPAS1 and EGLN1 are mostly likely responsible for high altitude adaptation and closely related to low Hb concentration in Tibetans. These data supported the hypothesis that Himalayan highlanders have evolved a genetically different erythropoietic response to chronic hypoxia by virtue of their much longer exposure to high altitude.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Altitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hemoglobins ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases ; genetics ; Tibet