No abstract available.
Animals ; Binding Sites* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats* ; Serotonin*

Purpose: The study was undertaken to investigate the electromyographic activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), and multifidus (MF) in three different sling locations during bridge exercise in the supine position. Methods: Twenty healthy male subjects participated. An electromyography device was used to measure the muscle activities of the GM, HAM, and MF muscles. Subjects were asked to perform bridge exercises with three different sling locations as follows: 1) Bridge exercise with an ankle sling; BEAS, 2) Bridge exercise with a calf sling; BECS, and 3) Bridge exercise with a knee sling; BEKS in random order. The analysis was conducted using one-way repeated ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc. Significance was set at α= 0.01. Results: HAM muscle activity was significantly different in the three conditions (BEAS, BECS, BEKS) (adjusted p-value [padj]< 0.01), and HAM muscle activity was significantly smaller during BEKS than during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Muscle activity ratio (GM/HAM) during BEKS was significantly greater than muscle activity ratios during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Conclusion BEKS is recommended to inhibit HAM muscle activity and improve the GM/HAM muscle activity ratio.

Purpose: The study was undertaken to investigate the electromyographic activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), and multifidus (MF) in three different sling locations during bridge exercise in the supine position. Methods: Twenty healthy male subjects participated. An electromyography device was used to measure the muscle activities of the GM, HAM, and MF muscles. Subjects were asked to perform bridge exercises with three different sling locations as follows: 1) Bridge exercise with an ankle sling; BEAS, 2) Bridge exercise with a calf sling; BECS, and 3) Bridge exercise with a knee sling; BEKS in random order. The analysis was conducted using one-way repeated ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc. Significance was set at α= 0.01. Results: HAM muscle activity was significantly different in the three conditions (BEAS, BECS, BEKS) (adjusted p-value [padj]< 0.01), and HAM muscle activity was significantly smaller during BEKS than during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Muscle activity ratio (GM/HAM) during BEKS was significantly greater than muscle activity ratios during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Conclusion BEKS is recommended to inhibit HAM muscle activity and improve the GM/HAM muscle activity ratio.

Purpose: The study was undertaken to investigate the electromyographic activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), and multifidus (MF) in three different sling locations during bridge exercise in the supine position. Methods: Twenty healthy male subjects participated. An electromyography device was used to measure the muscle activities of the GM, HAM, and MF muscles. Subjects were asked to perform bridge exercises with three different sling locations as follows: 1) Bridge exercise with an ankle sling; BEAS, 2) Bridge exercise with a calf sling; BECS, and 3) Bridge exercise with a knee sling; BEKS in random order. The analysis was conducted using one-way repeated ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc. Significance was set at α= 0.01. Results: HAM muscle activity was significantly different in the three conditions (BEAS, BECS, BEKS) (adjusted p-value [padj]< 0.01), and HAM muscle activity was significantly smaller during BEKS than during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Muscle activity ratio (GM/HAM) during BEKS was significantly greater than muscle activity ratios during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Conclusion BEKS is recommended to inhibit HAM muscle activity and improve the GM/HAM muscle activity ratio.

Purpose: The study was undertaken to investigate the electromyographic activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), and multifidus (MF) in three different sling locations during bridge exercise in the supine position. Methods: Twenty healthy male subjects participated. An electromyography device was used to measure the muscle activities of the GM, HAM, and MF muscles. Subjects were asked to perform bridge exercises with three different sling locations as follows: 1) Bridge exercise with an ankle sling; BEAS, 2) Bridge exercise with a calf sling; BECS, and 3) Bridge exercise with a knee sling; BEKS in random order. The analysis was conducted using one-way repeated ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc. Significance was set at α= 0.01. Results: HAM muscle activity was significantly different in the three conditions (BEAS, BECS, BEKS) (adjusted p-value [padj]< 0.01), and HAM muscle activity was significantly smaller during BEKS than during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Muscle activity ratio (GM/HAM) during BEKS was significantly greater than muscle activity ratios during BEAS or BECS (padj < 0.01). Conclusion BEKS is recommended to inhibit HAM muscle activity and improve the GM/HAM muscle activity ratio.

BACKGROUND: Acute bacterial prostatitis is an uncommon male urinary tract infection that is the result of severe prostatic infection mainly by gram-negative bacteria. We conducted a retrospective study to report clinical outcomes of patients with acute bacterial prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of 49 patients diagnosed with acute bacterial prostatitis were reviewed retrospectively and patients' symptoms, investigations, and treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: All patients presented with fever and voiding symptoms. Some patients (22.4%) had a history of prior manipulation of the lower urinary tract including transrectal prostate biopsy. Urine cultures were positive for 51% of the patients. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (60%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12%). The ciprofloxacin susceptibility against E. coli was 80%. All patients were treated with parenteral antibiotics in the hospital followed by oral antibiotics for average of three weeks. The major drugs used for empirical treatment were cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Prostatic abscess was found in two (4.1%) patients and chronic pelvic pain syndrome developed in six (12.2%) patients during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The currently used empirical antibiotics were mostly effective in the treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis. Continuous monitoring on antimicrobial susceptibility of acute bacterial prostatitis was necessary for providing proper treatment guideline.
Abscess ; Aminoglycosides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Cephalosporins ; Ciprofloxacin ; Escherichia coli ; Fever ; Fluoroquinolones ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Pain ; Prostate ; Prostatitis ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

PURPOSE: Recently as ultrasonography is increasingly used to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the elderly patients, prostatic calculi are more often revealed; however, the mechanism of formation of prostatic calculi is not clearly known, and their impacts on LUTS are controversial. We investigated whether the type and location of prostatic calculi might influence LUTS in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2003 to January 2008, 1,437 consecutive patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography. Of these patients 383 with clinical BPH were retrospectively studied. According to the type (type A: a discrete small reflection; type B: a large mass of multireflection; type M: mixed) and location (periurethral vs. non-periurethral) of prostatic calculi, the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, volume of prostate, maximum urinary flow rate and residual urine volume, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were compared. RESULTS: Prostatic calcification was found in 70% (268/383), and type A in 38%, type B in 46% and type M in 16%. There was no significant difference according to the presence or types of prostatic calcification, comparing serum PSA levels, volume of prostate, maximum urinary flow rate and residual urine volume. And there was no significant correlation between the types of prostatic calcificaton and each item of IPSS. Periurethral and non-periurethral prostatic calcification failed to show the significant difference in each items of IPSS. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in LUTS according to presence, types, or locations of prostatic calculi in clinical BPH patients.
Aged ; Calculi* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease, which usually occurs in women with a history of a prior hysterectomy or myomectomy for benign uterine leiomyoma, and has the potential to metastasize to distant sites, such as the lung, lymph nodes, muscular tissue, heart, or retroperitoneum. These lesions are slow-growing, asymptomatic, and usually found incidentally. The prognosis of BML is also excellent. However, there has been debate on the origin and the correct classification of BML, and there are no guidelines for the treatment of BML. We report here on a rare case of BML in both the retroperitoneal cavity and lung in a 48-year-old woman with a history of hysterectomy due to histologically benign uterine leiomyoma. The patient underwent retroperitoneal mass excision and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and then wedge biopsy of two pulmonary nodules was performed additionally 9 days later. Until now, there has been no sign of recurrence and the patient remains asymptomatic. To our knowledge, pulmonary BML is rare and the co-existence of the retroperitoneal metastases after previous hysterectomy is even rarer.
Biopsy ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Propofol has a high incidence of pain when administered by intravenous injection. Among the many different methods available, lidocaine is used most frequently to minimize this pain. Propofol also has a depressant action on hemodynamics, especially in the elderly. The present study was aimed to examine whether lidocaine affects hemodynamic changes associated with propofol injection and endotracheal intubation, and whether it attenuates propofol-induced pain. METHODS: Eighty patients, over 60 years old, ASA physical status I and II, were randomly divided into four groups of 20 each according to lidocaine dosage mixed with 2 mg/kg of propofol given over 30 seconds during the induction of anesthesia; 0 mg (control group), 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and bispectral index scale (BIS) were measured before anesthetic induction (baseline value), 1 minute after the start of induction, immediately before endotracheal intubation, and then every minute for 5 minutes. Injection pain was scored as none, mild, moderate, or severe. RESULTS: MAP decreased significantly following the propofol injection and then increased after endotracheal intubation in all four groups, the magnitude of this decrease did not differ among the groups. HR increased after the propofol injection and then decreased. It increased again after intubation in all four groups. BIS was decreased by the induction of anesthesia, but was not affected by endotracheal intubation in any group. The three lidocaine groups had a lower incidence and severity of propofol-induced pain than the control group, and the effect were comparable among the lidocaine-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that lidocaine 20, 40 or 80 mg mixed with propofol does not affect the hemodynamic changes associated with propofol and endotracheal intubation, but that they similarly attenuate the injection pain associated with propofol.
Aged* ; Anesthesia* ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine* ; Middle Aged ; Propofol

The fluoroscopy-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy has been gaining widespread acceptance as a rapid and effective method to make a pre-operative diagnosis of mediastinal tumors including thymoma, malignant lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma. Although thymoma is a most common tumor of the superior mediastinum, most cytopathologists are not experted in cytologic diagnosis of this tumor because of limited experience. In order to define the diagnostic cytologic features of thymoma, we have retrospectively reviewed imprinting smears and corresponding tissue sections from four cases of this tumor. All cases revealed an apparent biphasic pattern of epithelial cell clusters and lymphocytes with occasional branching capillary fronds extending from three dimensional epithelial cell clusters. Epithelial cell clusters predominated in one case and lymphocytes in two cases. Mixed epithelial cell and lymphocyte type represented in one of four cases. In the lymphocyte predominant type, the presence of epithelial cell clusters and small mature lymphocytes are helpful features to differentiate from a malignant lymphoma.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Mediastinum ; Retrospective Studies ; Succimer* ; Thymoma ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*