Objective To investigate cholecystokinin (CCK),carbachol, and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)stimulating peptide chain elongation in mouse pancreatic acini in vitro and its molecular mechanism. Methods ~3H-lecucine incorporation assay was used to measure the basal and secretagogues-stimulated pancreatic acini elongation rates. Western blot was applied to analyse the effect of phosphorylation of the elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and the eEF2 kinase. MEK inhibitor (PD98059), SAPK/p38 inhibitor (SB202190), and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) were used to respectively block MEK, SAPK/p38, and mTOR intracellular pathways or the phosphatase inhibitor (calyculin A) pretreatment before CCK treatment. Results All secretagogues except VIP increased the peptide chain elongation in mouse pancreatic acini in vitro. All secretagogues except VIP inhibited the phosphorylation level of eEF2 on Thr-56 and increased the phosphorylation level of eEF2K on Ser-366, which might correlate with their activation status. MEK inhibitor PD98059 partially reversed the dephosphorylation of eEF2 induced by CCK, as did treatment p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A.Conclusion CCK increases peptide chain elongation via inducement of dephosphorylation of eEF2 and eEF2 kinase phosphorylation in pancreatic acini in vitro. CCK-induced dephosphorylation of eEF2 in pancreatic acinar cells involves MEK, SAPK/p38, and mTOR, the three intracellular pathways.

Objective Currently , the targeted therapy is the first-choice treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, but few studies have been reported on the relationship between immunohistochemical markers and the EGFR mutation.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of the EGFR mutation with the ex-pressions of thymidylate synthetase (TS), excision repair cross-com-plementation group 1 ( ERCC1 ) , β-tubulin-III, and ribonucleofide reductase large subunit-l ( RRM1) in NSCLC. Methods We retro-spectively analyzed 336 cases of NSCLC treated in the Department of Medical Oncology , the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, from June 2014 to December 2015 and examined 29 EGFR mutations.We divided the patients into a mutation and a non-mutation group, performed immunohistochemical staining of the TS, ERCC1,β-tubulin-III and RRM1 proteins and compared their expressions in the NSCLC tissue between the two groups . Results EGFR mutations were found in 138 ( 41.07%) of the 336 NSCLC patients but not in the other 198 ( 58.93%) .The expression of TS was significantly lower in the mutation than in the non-mutation group (9.42%vs 39.39%, P<0.05), and so was that of β-tubulin-III (44.2%vs 60.1%, P<0.05).EGFR mutations were correlated with decreased expressions of TS (r=-0.332, P<0.05) andβ-tubulin-III (r=-0.157, P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk of EGFR mutations was 2.109 times higher in the fe-male patients than in the males (OR=2.109, 95%CI:1.268-3.509), 24.265 times higher in the adenocarcinoma than in the adeno-squamous carcinoma patients (OR=24.265, 95%CI:3.508-167.845), 15.2 times higher in the squamous carcinoma than in the ade-nocarcinoma patients (OR=15.200, 95%CI:4.480-51.569), 2.364 times higher in the lung biopsy specimens than in the surgically treated patients (OR=2.364, 95%CI:1.266-4.413), and 6.171 times higher in the patients with lowly expressed than in those with highly expressed TS (OR=6.171, 95%CI: 3.145-12.109). Conclusion The decreased expressions of TS and β-tubulin-Ⅲ in NSCLC indicate the mutation of the EGFR gene.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect and the pros and cons of microwave intracavitary minimally invasive treatment and traditional operation for varicose veins in lower extremities.Methods(Treatment) group:The varicosities of greater saphenous vein were treated by microwave coagulation intracavitary treatment together with injection coagulation treatment of its tributaries. Control group:The varicosities of(greater) saphenous vein were treated by traditional operation.Results Treatment group was better than control group in improvement of symptoms,cosmetic effect of diseased limb,operation time,amount of blood loss,length of hospital stay,and complications of operation.Conclusions Microwave coagulation intracavitary treatment of varicose veins in lower extremities has more advantages,such as minimally invasive,little pain,quick recovery,good cosmetic effect,better result,fewer complications,and simplicity of operation.

Models of throat excess-heat mice were established and different dosages of water extract of STRR were ig given to mice to observe anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism. The activities of ALT, AST and the contents of TNF-α, T3, rT3, T4, SOD, MDA, PEG2, NO, NOS, Cr, BUN, GSH and GSH-Px in serum were tested while liver index, kidney index, spleen index and thymus index were measured. The anti-inflammatory efficacy accompanied by side effects and mechanisms of water extract of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STRR) in excess-heat mice were investigated to clear safety dose-dependence range and the relationship of efficacy, toxicity and syndrome. In the experiment, water extract of STRR showed a strong inhibitory effect on ear edema by croton oil in throat excess-heat mice. The activities of ALT, AST in serum and liver index were all higher than that of normal group after multiple administration. PEG2, SOD, MDA, NO, NOS, GSH and GSH-Px had obvious changes. According to the results, water extract of STRR has an anti-inflammatory effect on acute inflammation in throat excess-heat mice and it is stronger than that in normal mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of STRR is related to the reduction of inflammatory mediators release. Side effects and hepatotoxicity will be produced on clinical efficacy dosage. The mechanisms of anti-inflammation and hepatotoxicity are all in connection with oxidative damnification.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; toxicity ; Rhizome ; Sophora

Objective To analyze and compare the clinical application values of procalcitonin (PCT),leukocyte count (WBC) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in elder patients with infection.Methods In patients(age≥ 65 yrs,axillary temperature ＞38.0℃)with infection or suspected infection,PCT,WBC,CRP and other bacteriological examination were performed.The electronic medical records from the HIS system of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively in combination with medical history.Results Of the enrolled 219 patients,65 ones were in control group,48 ones SIRS,51 ones sepsis and 55 ones MODS.There was a positive correlation between the level of serum PCT and the infection degree.The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.706 (95％CI:0.616-0.797,P=0.000).Based on the highest Youden index (sensitivity+specificity-1),the best cutoff point of diagnosis for PCT was ＞0.341 μg/L (sensitivity 84.5％,specificity 55.8％),a analysis of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve about PCT,WBC and CRP was carried.Area under the curve (AUC) of PCT to controlled infection was 0.916 (95％CI:0.864-0.967,P=0.000).Based on the highest Youden index (sensitivity+ specificity-1),the judging threshold of PCT to infection controlled or not was 0.73 μg/L (sensitivity 84.6％,specificity 88.0％).PCT level after treatment ＞0.73 μg/L showed the uncontrolled infection,＜ 0.73 μg/L controlled.Conclusions PCT has a higher specificity for elder patients with infection.The variation of PCT level can guide the application of antibiotics,avoid abuse and decrease the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria.

Objective • To compare the pregnancy outcomes between the patients undergoing single embryo transfer and double embryo transfer by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods • From Jan. 2011 to Jun. 2016, women who underwent single embryo transfer or double embryo transfer with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and successfully conceived in Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were followed up to the pregnancy outcomes. According to the number of embryo transfer, the patients were divided into single embryo transfer group and double embryo transfer group. Univariate analysis (t test, Chi-square test) and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to compare the pregnancy outcomes between two groups, and analyze the influencing factors of adverse outcomes. Results • A total of 19 030 patients (98.69%) were followed up to the pregnancy outcomes. Stratified analysis showed that there were significant differences in the composition of pregnancy outcomes (P=0.000) and the number of live births (P=0.000) between two groups. For the neonatal birth quality, the infants born by the patients with single embryo transfer had higher birth weights than those born by the patients with double embryo transfer (P=0.000), and the proportions of newborns with low birth weights and full-term newborns with low birth weights were higher among the patients with double embryo transfer compared to those with single embryo transfer (P=0.000). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in he incidence of birth defects between the infants born by the patients with single embryo transfer and double embryo transfer. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abortion or labor induction among the patients with double embryo transfer was higher than those with single embryo transfer with age, infertility causes and embryo type adjusted (OR=0.88, P=0.025). Conclusion • The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is higher among the patients with double embryo transfer than those with single embryo transfer.

ngthen cellular immunity, especially Th1-type immune response to HPV11-E7 DNA vaccine in mice.

Background Age-related cataract is one of the common causes of blindness.Although the pathophysiology of age-related cataract is far from clearly understood,it is well accepted that DNA damage plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis.Objective The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of age-related cataract.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out.This study complied Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Two hundred and eleven patients with agerelated cataract and 147 normal subjects were enrolled from a “ Jiangsu Eye Study:Funing 2011 Eye Disease Epidemic Survey”.All the subjects aged from 50 through 80 years with matched age and gender between the two groups.The percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) were detected by comet assay to assess the extent of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes.Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 software,and the differences of the percentage of tail DNA and OTM were compared between the age-related cataract group and normal control group by independent sample t test as well as among the 50-59 years group,60-69 years group and ≥70 years group by one-way analysis of variance.Results Comet assay showed a round lymph cell with the clear border in the normal group;while in the age-related cataract group,the cell was bigger with a comet-like tail.The percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (21.75 ± 3.51) ％ and 6.54 ± 1.65 in the age-related cataract group,and those in the normal control group were (9.31 ±3.60)％ and 2.18 ± 1.10,respectively,with significant differences between them (t =32.67,P =0.00 ; t =28.02,P =O.00).In the 50-59 years subgroup of the age-related cataract group,the percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (20.04±2.86) ％ and 5.92± 1.14,and in the 60-69 years subgroup of the age-related cataract group,the percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (20.77 ±2.93) ％ and 6.13 ± 1.14,which were significantly reduced in comparison with (22.79 ± 3.67)％ and 6.95±1.91 of the ≥70years subgroup(TailDNA％:q=2.75,P=0.00; q=2.02,P=0.00;OTM:q=1.03,P =0.02 ; q =0.82,P =0.00).Conclusions The pathogenesis and development of age-related cataract probably is associated with DNA damage.

To investigate the relationship between serum retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese Han pregnant women.195 (23-42 years) pregnant women were recruited (July 2005 to December 2007) from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetric in Ruijin Hospital during their visiting for routine prenatal examination.99 subjects belonged to GDM group,and 96 belonged to the group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).65 non-pregnant healthy women served as control.Serum RBP4 was measured using sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pregnant women had higher level of serum RBP4 than that of non-pregnant control.The concentration of serum RBP4 was significantly increased in GDM group as compared with NGT group[(43.04±1.85 vs 33.84±2.17) rag/L,P<0.01].Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that triglycerides and homeostasis assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were independent variables of RBP4 (r2 =0.165) in pregnant women.The results suggest that serum RBP4 level is significantly increased in pregnant women.Women with GDM had even higher RBP4 level than that of normal pregnant women,and RBP4 levele was positively correlated with triglycerides and HOMA-IR.

Objective:Carcinoma of bladder is the most common malignancy in the urinary system in China.Most patients with this disease had non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)at the time of diagnosis.Radical cystectomy was indicated for patients with high risk or refractory NMIBC.We aimed to investigate the overall survival and disease-specific survival and related influence factors in patients un-dergoing radical cystectomy for pathological non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:From Jan. 2006 to Dec.2012,a total of 164 patients with pathological non-muscle invasive bladder cancer under-went radical cystectomy in Peking University First Hospital.Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Incidence of lymph node metastasis and disease recurrence were calculated.The risk factors of disease re-currence were analyzed.Kaplan-Meier plots were used to estimate the overall survival and cancer-specific survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival.Re-sults:Of all the patients included,159 had T1 disease,and 5 had CIS only.The median follow-up dura-tion was 46.5 months (range:7 -99 months).Fourteen patients were lost during the follow-up.Lymph node metastasis was noted in 6 patients (3.7%),4 patients had N1 disease,one patient had N2 di-sease,and one patient had N3 disease.Disease recurrence occurred in 16 patients (9.8%).The most common recurrence sites were the liver,bones,and lungs.The 5-year overall survival and disease-spe-cific survival for all the patients were 85% and 91%,respectively.The patients who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection showed a better prognosis in terms of disease-specific survival than those without (P =0.012).Patients with recurrence harbored a significant poorer survival (P <0.001).According to univariate Cox regression analysis,whether lymph node dissection was performed was an independent risk factor of disease recurrence (P =0.050,OR =2.695,95%CI 0.999 -7.271).In COX regression mo-del,age (P =0.008,OR =1.071,95%CI 1.018 -1.126)and whether lymph node dissection was performed (P =0.011,OR =3.385,95%CI 1.329 -8.621)were related to disease-specific survival. Conclusion:Patients with pathological non-muscle invasive bladder cancer underwent early radical cys-tectomy have a favorable prognosis,and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is essential for this proce-dure as it gains a survival benefit for the patients.