BACKGROUND:Implanted site and direction of miniscrew implants, post-implantation movement of implants, contact between tooth and implant after tooth movement al can cause root damage.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the changes of the root surface, periodontal tissue and osteoprotegerin expression in the periodontal tissue at periods of time after miniscrew implant loading.
METHODTwo beagle dogs were selected. For each dog, miniscrews were implanted into the labial alveolar bone near the roots of the maxil ary second, third, and fourth premolars and the maxil ary second, third, and fourth premolars and first molar. Fourteen miniscrew implants were in one dog, including six in the maxil ary and eight in the mandible;two miniscrews of the maxil ary acted as control group with no loading, and the rest miniscrews were as experimental group under orthodontics force. Two weeks after miniscrew implantation, 150 g force was loaded between two miniscrews with nickel-titanium closed-coil springs. The dogs were sacrificed after miniscrews loading 4 and 8 weeks respectively, the teeth were cut completely with alveolar bone tissue and decalcified to make the histological specimen. The histological changes of the root and periodontal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and expression of osteoprotegrin in the periodontal ligament was also inspected by using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the miniscrews were adjacent to the roots, absorption lacuna occurred in the alveolar bone;after horizontal force was loaded opposite to the roots, alveolar resorption became much more animate. When the miniscrews contacted with the pericementum, some areas of the cement absorbed seriously and even reached the dentin;when sustaining pressure from the miniscrews, the whole layer of the cement absorbed and the dentin was exposed and began to be absorbed. The osteoprotegrin in the periodontal ligament of control group expressed sharply and its expression was notable at 8 weeks;while the osteoprotegrin of experimental group weakly expressed at 8 weeks, and there was significant divergence between control group and experimental group at 8 weeks (P<0.01). The roots and periodontal tissue were al damaged variously after miniscrew implantation adjacent to the roots. When horizontal orthodontic force was loaded opposite to the roots, the expression of osteoprotegrin was influenced slightly;as the loading period prolonged, pressure dramatical y restrained the expression of osteoprotegrin. When discovering the miniscrew implant adjacent to roors, the miniscrew implant anchorage should not be used to load orthodontical force opposite to the roots but ought to be removed in order to leave the root repair autonomously and avoid further damage.

Objective To explore changes of risk factors between premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 283 female patients were divided into CHD group (n=154) and con?trol group (n=129) according to whether they suffered from CHD or not. Patients were further stratified into two groups accord?ing to menopausal situation:premenopausal group (n=78, including premenopausal CHD group of 34 cases and premenopaus?al control group of 44 cases) and postmenopausal group (n=205, including postmenopausal CHD group of 120 cases and post?menopausal control group of 85 cases). Clinical data of age, body mass index (BMI), medical history and menses situation were recorded. The levels of cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipo?protein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (vLDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), apolipoprotein B (apoB), lipoprotein a (Lpa), homocysteine (HCY) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were also detected. Results There were significantly higher levels of age, CHO, TG, LDL-C, vLDL-C, Lpa, ApoB, hsCRP, and the ratio of hypertension history, diabetic history, coronary heart disease family history in CHD group than those of control group. The level of HDLc was significantly lower in CHD group than that of control group. The ratio of hypertension history, diabetic history and levels of CHO, TG, LDL-C, vLDL-C, Lpa, ApoB, hsCRP were significantly higher in both premenopausal and postmenopausal CHD groups than those of their control groups. The level of HDL-C was significantly lower in postmenopausal CHD group than that of postmenopausal control group (P<0.05). Hypertension history, diabetic history and LDL-C were the independent risk fac?tors of premenopausal CHD. Hypertension history, diabetic history and CHO were the independent risk factors of postmeno?pausal CHD, and HDL-C was the protecting factor of CHD. The ratio of hypertension history, the level of CHO and LDL-C were significantly higher in postmenopausal CHD group than those of premonopausal CHD group. Conclusion The abnor?mal blood pressure level and dyslipidemia are more prevalent in postmenopausal female patients with CHD than premeno?pausal female patients. We should control these risk factors to improve the prognosis.

Objective To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in normal gastric tissue and gastric carcinoma tissue,and further investigate the relationship between VEGF-C,VEGF-D and lymph vessel density (LVD),lymph node metastasis.Methods The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in gastric carcinoma tissues were examined by using SP immunohistochemical method in 30 normal gastric tissue and 75 gastric carcinoma tissue respectively.The lymph vessel were marked by LYVE-1 and calculated LVD.Results The rate of positive expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in gastric carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissue,there was significant difference [73.3 ％ (55/75) vs.33.3 ％ (10/30),66.7 ％ (50/75) vs.30.0 ％ (9/30),P ＜0.01].The level of LVD in gastric carcinoma tissue with lymph node metastasis (40 cases) was significantly higher than that in without lymph node metastasis (35 cases)[(8.85 ± 1.24)/HP vs.(4.75 ± 1.04)/HP](P =0.000).The level of LVD increased when the expression level of VEGF-C and VEGF-D gradually went up.Conclusions The level of LVD increases in gastric carcinoma tissue.VEGF-C and VEGF-D are two significant factors for LVD and lymph node metastasis.

Objective Explore the feasibility of minute cells STR typing.Methods Minute cells which were obtained by micromanipulation method were amplified with MiniFiler kit,and detected by ABI 3130 genetic analyzer.Results Ten cells can be successfully genotyped.Complete genotyping results can be obtained for one,three or five cells but with stochastic effect.Conclusion Instability is observed in minute cells genotyping,so it can not be used in actual case work.Maybe increase the quantity of DNA template can improve the success rate.

Serum creatinine was determined by enzymatic method.99mTc-GFR was measured by 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal imaging and considered as GFR marker in 210 males and 180 females with type 2 diabetes,eGFR was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula,MDRD equation7,abbreviated MDRD equation,modified MDRD equation for Chinese (c-7GFR4 and c-aGFR4),and CKD-EPI equation.They were analyzed by correlation,regression,Bland-Altman analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.The correlation coefficients for Cockcroft-Gault formula,MDRD equation7,abbreviated MDRD equation,c-7GFR4,c-aGFR4,and CKD-EPI equation were 0.79,0.76,0.77,0.76,0.76,0.81 respectively.And the differences were-14.99,-18.85,-23.79,-25.85,-32.07,and-7.16,respectively.The area under ROC curves were 0.91,0.88,0.89,0.88,0.90,and 0.92,respeetively.Kappa values were 0.67、0.52、0.39、0.49、0.46、0.54respectively.The CKD-EPI equation seams to be the most accurate measurement among the six methods when the serum creatinine was determined by enzymatic method in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

Functional experiment is an important course to cultivate medical undergraduates'comprehensive and creative thinking abilities. Based on the conduction of the course, prominent teaching factors like the qualifies of teachers and students, the making of the courseware, the choosing of experiment contents and the arrangement of teaching progress,have been analyzed and practical teaching suggestions have also been proposed for a better functional experiment bilingual teaching quality.

Literature of TCM contains abundant information of Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine information is characterized by its high degree of knowledge-intensive and complex inter-knowledge, so it is difficult to integrate and share knowledge. TheShanghanlun is one of the Chinese medical classics, and it includes the rules and methods of syndrome differentiation and treatment and it showed good effects in the clinical application. However, it is difficult to master for beginners. As a kind of knowledge organization tool, topic maps can flexibly define the relationship between knowledge, which realizes the visualization of knowledge network, and integrates and shares the distributed knowledge. This paper focused on the current situation of topic maps researches. The topic maps was used to organize the original content ofShanghanlun, construct the concept model of it and explore the specific application of topic maps technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Aim To investigate the changes in the expression of protein kinase C gamma (PKC?), phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein(pCREB)and immediate-early gene(c-fos and c-jun) in the spinal cord in formalin-induced inflammatory pain and study the effect of agmatine on the changes of PKC? activation, phosphorylation of CREB and expression of c-fos and c-jun.Methods Rats were decapitated at 10, 20 min or 2 h after intraplantar injection of 50 ?l 5% formalin and L_4, 5 spinal cords were dissected. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses were used to observe the expression of PKC?, pCREB, c-fos and c-jun in the spinal dorsal horn and the effect of agmatine on the changes of their expression. Results Unilateral peripheral inflammation induced PKC? activation and CREB phosphorylation bilaterally while c-fos and c-jun expression ipsilaterally in rat spinal cord. PKC activity increased in membrane fractions with unchanged levels in the cytosolic fractions. Pretreatment intraperitoneally with 160 mg?kg-1 agmatine 15 min before inflammation significantly inhibited the activation of PKC? in the membrane fraction, suppressed the phosphorylation of CREB and the expression of c-fos and c-jun. Conclusion The mechanism of the analgesic effect of agmatine may be associated with inhibiting PKC? activation in the plasma membrane, CREB phosphorylation, c-fos and c-jun up-regulation which play roles in the hyperalgesia with peripheral inflammation.

Objective To study the related factors of postpartum depression (PPD) and the effects of intervening measures to PPD incidence. Methods 1 597 pregnant women selected from our antenatal care clinic were investigated by using the hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire (HAD) during pregnancy and the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) after childbirth.All the enrolled women were randomlyd divided into control group and intervening group by the proportion of 1 to 2.Six intervening measures were used in the latter group. Results (1) There were 49 women whose HAD≥11 score (anxiety-depression mood)with 28 cases (57.1%) had got postpartum depression in the control group.In the intervening group,however,there were 94 women whose HAD≥11 score with 24 cases (25.5%) had got postpartum depression.There is a significant difference between the two groups ( P