In order to treat or prevent portal vein metastases of liver cancer, intraportal chemotherapies were carried on in 18 and in 42 patients with and without portal vein thrombosis. The agents used were Pharmorubicin 30 mg, Mitomycin—C 8 mg and 5—Flurouracil 500 mg. The results showed that the incidence of portal thrombosis in preventive group (19.04％) was lower than that in control group (38.9％) (P

Objective To explore advantages of simulation-based medical education for overseas students on training of anesthcsia emergency skills.Methods twenty eight oversea students accepting anesthesia practice course were divided into two groups,each group fourteen.The students of simulation group (group S) were lectured with simulation-based medical education method,while the students of control group (group C) were lectured with tradition education method.Results the practice examination record and satisfaction degree for teaching in group S were both higher than that in group C (P＜0.05).Conclusion The simulation-based medical education was better than tradition education method on training of anesthesia emergency skills for oversea students.The simulation-based medical education may raise the learning interest of oversea students obviously,and it is beneficial to students' mastery of practice skills.

Unclear cultivating aim and training plan as well as tutors' lacking of experience are the main problems of the postgraduate education for clinical medicine professional degree,which will cause the quality of clinical postgraduate training to fall greatly.Through the analysis,the author proposes increasing management authority of rotating disciplines for graduates,establishing tutor groups in rotating disciplines,making clear training plan,increasing the clinical simulation skill training courses,training and optimizing the professional master's tutors,which is to fit the needs of the postgraduate education for clinical medicine professional degree and to provide related references.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol anesthesia on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in hippocampus in depressed rats.Methods Thirty-two female WYK rats in which the total score was 30-120 after Open-field test,aged 24 weeks,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =8 each):control group (group C),propofol group (group P),ECT group (group E)and propofol + ECT group (group PE).In groups C and E,the animals received intraperitoneal normal saline 5 ml,and in addition the animals received ECT 15 min later in group E.In groups P and PE,the animals received intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg propofol 5 ml,and in addition the animals received ECT 15 min later in group PE.The learning and memory function was assessed by Morris water maze test at 24 h after ECT.The animals were sacririced at 6 h after Morris water maze test and the hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the swimming time was significantly shortened in groups P,E and PE,the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein in hippocampus was down-regulated in group P,and the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein in hippocampus was up-regulated in group E ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group E,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the swimming time was significantly prolonged,and the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein in hippocampus was down-regulated in group PE (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol anesthesia improves cognitive impairment induced by ECT may be related to inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in hippocampus in depressed rats.

Adult ; Aortic Valve ; microbiology ; pathology ; Autopsy ; Brain ; microbiology ; pathology ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; pathology ; Sepsis ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe relationship between selenium deficiency and the changes of synaptic structure in the CA3 area of hippocampus were studied in the third generation rats.

METHODSA selenium deficiency model was established by feeding rats with selenium-deficient food. The rats were divided into 4 groups: control (Se+I+), selenium deficiency (Se-I+), iodine deficiency (Se+I-), and both deficient group (Se-I-). The hippocampuses were dissected from the third generation rats on the 21st gestational day and the ultrastructural features of hippocampal synapses were observed with electron microscope. The length of active zone, synaptic curvatures, post-synaptic density (PSD) and synaptic cleft were quantitatively described.

RESULTSCompared with the control, the length of active zone and the thickness of PSD were significantly decreased in Se-I+, Se+I- and Se-I- groups [(261.7 +/- 50.1) nm, (286.7 +/- 41.6) nm and (220.8 +/- 61.6) nm contrast to (312.4 +/- 47.7) nm, P < 0.01], so were the synaptic curvatures in Se-I+, Se+I- and Se-I- groups [(22.9 +/- 6.3) nm, (27.5 +/- 8.6) nm and (25.2 +/- 6.5) nm contrast to (48.1 +/- 12.3) nm, P < 0.01]; the width of synaptic cleft were also decreased significantly in Se-I- [(11.1 +/- 3.3) nm contrast to (16.1 +/- 4.0) nm, P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSelenium deficiency might cause changes of neuronal functions at the synaptic level, and furthermore, affect learning and memory.

Animals ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Iodine ; deficiency ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Selenium ; deficiency ; Synapses ; pathology ; ultrastructure

Objective To explore the effect of MECT on learning memory in depressed rats and its synaptic plasticity mechanism. Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups( n =10): MECT (received ECT with intraperitoneal propofol), ECT (received ECT only), propofol (received intraperitoneal propofol), depression, and control. The treatments were given daily for 7 consecutive days. All rats underwent open field and Morris water maze test. The SYP protein and mRNA expressions in rat hippocampus were detected using immunochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results After treatment, the open field scores were much higher in MECT and ECT groups than in propofol and depression groups ( P <0.05); the learning memory was worse in ECT group than in MECT, propofol and depression groups ( P <0.05); the expressions of SYP protein and mRNA was higher in MECT and ECT groups than in propofol and depression groups ( P <0.05), the expressions of SYP protein and mRNA were lower in MECT group than ECT group ( P <0.05). Conclusions Propofol can improve learning memory in ECT-treated depressed rats through attenuation of ECT-induced expression of SYP in rat hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of propofol on expression of synaptophysin (SYP) mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of mentally depressed rats after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) .Methods Fifty adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group D mental depression (group D) ; group Ⅲ , Ⅳ , Ⅴ propofol 90, 110, 130 mg/kg + ECT (group M_1, M_2, M_3). Mental depression was induced by isolation and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ . Group M_1 , M_2 and M_3 received intraperitoneal (IP) propofol 90, 110 and 130 mg/kg respectively + ECT once a day ×7 consecutive days while group C and D received IP normal saline instead of propofol. The rats underwent open field test and sucrose liquid consumption test the day before and after mental depression was established and one day after treatment. The rats were killed after the last test for determination of expression of SYP mRNA (by RT-PCR) and protein (by immuno-histochemistry) in the hippocampus. Results The ambulation scores, rearing scores, grooming time and sucrose consumption percentage were significantly decreased while the center,grid detention time (CDT) was significantly increased in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ as compared with control group indicating mental depression was successfully induced. The ambulation scores, rearing scores, grooming time, sucrose consumption percentage, SYP mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased while CDT was significantly decreased after treatment in group M_1 and M_2 as compared with group D indicating that propofol 90 or 110 mg/kg combined with ECT was effective for the treatment of mental depression.Conclusion Propofol 90 or 110 mg/kg combined with ECT is effective in treating mental depression while proprofol 130 mg/kg combined with ECT is not. Excessive inhibition of SYP expression in hippocampus by large dose of propofol may explain the mechanism.`

Objective To determine the risk factors for emergence agitation (EA) during the recovery period after general anesthesia.Methods One thousand and thirty-four patients of both sexes aged 18-89 yr undergoing general anesthesia were divided into EA group and non-EA group.EA occurring during recovery from general anesthesia was assessed by using Riker sedation-agitation scale.Age,sex,complication,education,medical history,ASA physical status,type and duration of anesthesia and operation,volume of blood loss,fluid replacement,urine volume,duration of stay in PACU,number of drainage tubes and so forth were recorded.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of EA.Results Thirty-six patients developed EA during recovery from anesthesia.The incidence of EA was 3.5 ％.Logistic regression indicated that high risk operation,premedication with diazepam,induction of anesthesia without midazolom and fluid replacement during operation were the risk factors for EA (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High-risk operation,premedication with diazepam,induction of anesthesia without midazolom and fluid replacement during operation are the risk factors for EA during recovery from general anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of CXCR3 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the renal tissues of mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury .Methods Forty-eight SPF male C57BL/6J mice ,aged 8-12 yr ,weighing 20-25 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=16 each ) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S) ,group I/R and CD25 monoclonal antibody PC61 group (group P) . Bilateral kidneys were exposed and their pedicles were occluded for 45 min with atraumatic mini-clamp followed by 72 h reperfusion .PC61 250 μg was injected intraperitoneally at 24 h before the model was established .Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 24 and 72 h of reperfusion (T1 ,2 ) for determination of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations .Bilateral kidneys were obtained for determination of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg count and CXCR3+ CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg count in renal tissues and the pathological changes of the kidney were scored .Results Compared with group S , the serum BUN and Cr concentrations and pathological scores were significantly increased at T1 ,2 in I/R and P groups ,and the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and CXCR3+ CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg was increased at T2 in I/R group ( P<0.05) .Compared with group I/R ,the serum BUN and Cr concentrations and pathological scores were significantly increased at T2 ,and the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and CXCR3+ CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg was decreased at T2 in P group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Up-regulation of CXCR3 is helpful in migration of Tregs into the renal tissues of mice with renal I/R injury .