We analyzed the special characteristics of postgraduate education for anesthesiology majors based on the current situation of medical postgraduate education.Next,we introduced the ‘ sandwich' teaching method and discussed how it can promote students' subjective initiative by transforming various learning patterns.Finally,the effectiveness of study was elevated by ‘sandwich' teaching method.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical curative effect of acellular dermal matrix contrast with temporalis fascia in type Ⅰ tympanoplasty. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 60 inflammatory chronic suppurative otitis media patients from January 2014 to January 2015 in Genenral Hospital of PLA Guangzhou Military Area were conducted.All cases were perpormed the ear incision under local anesthesia, including 32 cases(32 ears) with acellular dermal matrix, 28 cases(28 ears) with temporal fascia. The operation time, postoperative pain, the healing of tympanic membrane and the postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was significant difference in the operation time and postoperative pain between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the success rate of tympanic membrane healing and postoperative hearing improvement(P>0.05). CONCLUSION The effect of acellular dermal matrix for repairing tympanic membrane is similar to the temporalis fascia. The use of acellular dermal matrix has the advantage of shorter operation time, less postoperative pain, and can avoid regional two incisions, it is worthy of clinical application.

Abstract: Objective　To explore the antiviral effect of baricitinib in the SARS-CoV-2 infection and influence on cytokine levels. Methods　Calu-3 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at MOI of 0.1, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β), interferon β (IFN-β) and interferon-stimulated gene, IFIT2 in the infected cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR methods. At the same time, Calu-3 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI=0.1) after being treated with baricitinib for 2 hours. Cells were collected at 0, 24, 36, and 48 hours, and analyzed for the mRNA of the above genes in the drug-treated and untreated groups. Results　The mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1β, IFN-β and IFIT2 in Calu-3 infected by SARS-CoV-2 cells were increased significantly. These cytokines were increased by nearly 100-fold post-infection 48 h compared with the control (P<0.000 1), and continued to increase with the infection time (P<0.001 or P<0.000 1). The increase of IL-8 mRNA level was not as significant as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, but it also showed a 2-4 folds increase. Baricitinib does not affect the level of viral RNA in Calu-3 cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection (P>0.05). However, baricitinib can significantly inhibit the up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α levels induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection (5.25-fold and 3.90-fold down-regulation, respectively, P<0.01), and has little effect on the levels of IL-8 and IL-1β . In addition, the drug could also significantly down-regulate the increase in IFN-β and IFIT2 levels caused by viral infection (10.51-fold and 90.78-fold down-regulation, respectively, P<0.000 1). Conclusions　Baricitinib inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines to some extent, but it drastically down-regulates the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and has limited antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2. Considering that interferon signal pathways play important roles on viral infection, caution should be exercised when using baricitinib to treat COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the renal protective effect of Paecilomyces hepiali Cs-4 (Abbr. to Cs-4) on rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AIN).

METHODSTwenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (A), the model group (B), the Benazepril group (C), and the Cs-4 group (D). AIN rat model was established by left unilateral nephrectomy and repeated caudal vein injection of adriamycin. Gastric perfusion of Cs-4 [500 mg/( kg x d)] and Benazepril [4 mg/( kg x d)] was given respectively to the groups D and C, starting from 1 week after modeling. Blood biochemical indices including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatine (Scr) and 24-hour urinary protein excretion (24 h-UP) were assessed 4 and 8 weeks after medication. Rats were sacrificed at the end of 8-week medication, their renal tissue was get for pathological examination with electric microscopy, the expressions of fibronection (FN), collagen IV (COL-IV ) and osteopont (OPN) in renal tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSLevels of 24h-UP, BUN, Scr, mesengial matrix percentage, as well OPN, FN, COL-IV were significantly lower in group D than in group B (P < 0.05); and the fat metabolic disorder was improved in group D (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCs-4 displays its renal protective action in rats with AIN through reducing the urinary protein excretion, correcting lipid metabolic disturbance, inhibiting the over accumulation of extracellular matrix, improving the pathological damage of kidney, thus restoring the renal function.

Animals ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Doxorubicin ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Paecilomyces ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the role of synapsin-I in the differentiation of the embryonic stem cells (ESC) into the neuron,and to seek a controllable point for the ESC neural differentiation in vitro.Methods Neural differentiation of ESC was induced with the "five step approach",synapsin-I antisense oligonucleotides (AS ONs) was employed to inhibit the synapsin-I expression at different stages. At different time points,morphology,differentiation efficiency and neural specific markers were compared among the normal group and the transfected groups.A tumor cell line called PC12 cell was compared with the ESC at the same time.Results After the synapsin-I AS ONs were used in ESC differentiation, considerable decreases of neurite growth rate and neural precursor cells (nestin (+)) percentage were observed at Stage 3(68.5%?4.2% vs 76.2%?5.1% and 75.8%?4.9%,P

Objective:To examine the expression of nitric oxide synthase(NOS),the content of nitric oxide and blood flow in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs,so as to further investigate the mechanism of allergic rhinitis.Methods:One hundred and twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(injected with normal saline)and allergic group(nasal challenge with egg albumin).The guinea pigs were executed before and immediately,24,48,72 h after the last nasal challenge;the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and the content of nitric oxide were examined in mucosa tissues.The blood flow in the nasal mucosa was determined in animals before execution.Linear regression correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nitric oxide content and blood flow in nasal mucosa.Results:The immunostaining for iNOS in surface epithelium of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs was markedly stronger than that of normal guinea pigs at all time points(P

Objective To sequence and analyze the near full-length genome of an HIV-1 subtype G strain identified in Guangxi,China.Methods The demographic information of an individual infected with HIV-1 subtype G strain was investigated,whose peripherial blood was collected.Viral RNA in plasma was extracted.The near full-length genome of HIV was amplified in two halves using RT-nested-PCR.The PCR products were purified and sequenced.Phylogenetic analysis was made using MEGA6 software.Results A near full-length genome of 8847 bp was obtained.In the neighbor-joining tree,the strain clustered with subtype G references,as supported by the high Bootstrap value (100%).The closest phylogenetic relationship was found between our strain and another subtype G strain (JN106043)previously identified in Guangxi,which was supported by the genetic distance (5%)and high Bootstrap value (100%).Conclusion The strain identified in the study might have originated from subtype G strains in Guangxi,suggesting that subtype G has spread locally in Guangxi.Further surveillance of subtype G epidemic in Guangxi is necessary.The near full-length subtype G strain genome will provide information for the surveillance of HIV in Guangxi.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy of the arthroscopic Mender II stapler for the treatment of patients with meniscus anterior horn injury needing meniscal suture repair.

METHODSAmong 47 patients with meniscus anterior horn injury, 29 patients were male and 18 patients were female, ranging in age from 12 to 31 years old, with a mean age of (20.53± 4.12) years old. The duration of disease ranged from 3 to 35 days, and the average duration was (12.43±5.74) days. The Mender II stapler was used to carry out arthroscopic suture from outside to inside. The Lysholm knee scoring system was used to evaluate and analyze preoperative and postoperative symptoms, such as pain, limping embolism and so on.

RESULTSForty-six patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 48 months, with a mean of (20.53±4.12) years. The incision healed at the first stage without important vessels and nerves injuries. The symptoms of the locked knee joint disappeared, and symptoms such as pain, limp, swelling and limitation of activity improved. The Lysholm score increased from preoperative 52.33±7.31 to postoperative 86.74±6.92.

CONCLUSIONUsing Mender II stapler to treat patients with meniscus anterior horn injury who were treated with arthroscopic suture from outside to inside is effective to improve symptoms, and to obtain good short-term results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

BACKGROUND:More and more studies employ CD44 as a specific marker of colorectal cancer stem cells. Oct4 is a transcription factor of embryonic stem cells, and it has been discovered recently that there is a higher expression in primary colorectal carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quantity, location and distribution of CD44+/Oct4+cells in primary colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS:A total y of 108 cases of human colorectal carcinoma and 18 cases of normal mucosa, 18 cases of adenoma were col ected and made into three tissue microarrays, each containing of 48 dots. The locations of CD44+/Oct4+cells were detected by double-label immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The morphologic features of them were investigated on hematoxylin-eosin staining at the same position. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of double-label immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there were no CD44+/Oct4+cells in normal intestine mucosa and a very smal amount of CD44+/Oct4+cells in adenoma, and double-positive cells could also be seen in colorectal carcinoma. The number of CD44+/Oct4+cells was rare and the cells were scattered or distributed focal y along the basement of gland basal side. The cells with scarce cytoplasm were square, and its nucleus was oval or high cylindrical, deeply stained and homogeneous. The quantity of CD44+/Oct4+cells was negatively correlated with the differentiation of colorectal cancer (r=-0.579, P<0.01), and was associated with the depth of tumor invasion (r=0.236, P<0.05). These findings indicate that CD44+/Oct4+cells may be colorectal cancer stem cells.

Objective To determine whether morphine having the ability to influence the antiviral effect of lamivudine(3TC)in vitro study.Methods MT2 cells were randomly assigned into morphine+3TC treatment group,morphine+naloxone+3TC treatment group,naloxone+3TC treatment group.Both 3TC and virus control groups were set up.The corresponding MT2 cells were treated with opiates antagonist(naloxone)for 0.5 hours before the 24-hours morphine treatment program was implemented while all of the groups were then infected with equal amounts of cell-free HIV-1 ⅢB strain and 3TC.HIV-1 p24 antigen in culture supernatants collected at days 3,4,5 and 6after infection status was tested and the inhibition of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen of various treatment groups calculated.Results Inhibition of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen of Morphine+3TC treatment group was the lowest when HIV-1 infected cells at 3rd and 4th day and showed significant difierence (P<0.05)when compared to the 3TC control.However,there was no statistically significant difference among them(P>0.05),when virus was infected the cells at 5th and 6th day.The difference of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen inhibition between the morphine+naloxone+3TC treatment group and the naloxone+3TC treatment group was not significant(P>0.05).Similar results were obtained when these two groups were compared to the 3TC control group(P>0.05),respectively.The 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen inhibition of each treatment group reduced as the time of infection prolonged,showing a significant and time-course effbct.Conclusion The 3TC antiviral effect was reduced by morphine in the early stage of infection,and could be blocked by naloxone.