Objective To evaluate the immune response triggered by an in-house constructed hu-man metapneumovirus multi-epitope antigen ( MEA) in a mouse model .Methods Female SPF BALB/c mice at age 4-6 weeks were used in the study and divided into 7 groups.Mice in the five groups including MEA+oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs ( CpG ODN) intraperitoneal injection ( i.p.) treatment group, MEA+Alum i.p.treatment group, MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group, MEA+CpG ODN intranasal (i.n.) treatment group and MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.n.treatment group were immunized three times on days 0, 14 and 21, and those in the other experimental group were immunized intramuscularly with MEA+Quickantibody5W on days 0 and 21.A control group without treatment was set up accordingly .All mice were sacrificed two weeks after the last immunization .Antibodies including IgG , IgG1, IgG2a and IgA in serum samples were detected by ELISA .MTS assay was performed to analyze the proliferation of lympho-cytes.The cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was measured by LDH assay.Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets .The cytokines secreted by T helper cells ( Th1 and Th2) were analyzed with Bio-Rad Liquid Chips.Results High titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were produced in MEA treated mice except for those in intranasal treatment groups .Serum samples from three groups including the MEA+Alum i.p., MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.and MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment groups were positive for IgA antibody .The highest titer of IgA antibody was detected in mice from the MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group, which was 2.15×103.Compared with the control group, significantly enhanced proliferation of lymphocytes was observed in the MEA+Alum i.p., MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.and MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment groups (P<0.05).Enhanced cytotoxic activities of CTL were observed in mice with ip.and i.m.treatments as compared with those in control group (P<0.05).The levels of CD4+/CD8+T cells were slightly increased in mice from the MEA+CpG ODN i.p., MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p. and MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment groups as compared with those in control group (P<0.05).In-creased secretion of IL-2, IFN-γand Th2-type cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in mice from the MEA+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group.The MEA+Alum i.p.treated mice showed a slightly increased secretion of IFN-γand significantly increased secretions of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10.Significantly in-creased secretions of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in mice from the MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group.Significantly increased secretions of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were detected in mice from the MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment group.Conclusion MEA together with different adjuvants could stimulate high titers of specific antibodies , increase the proliferation of lymphocytes and enhance the cytotoxic activities of CTL .CpG ODN could bal-ance the Th1/Th2-mediated immune responses , and the balance could be enhanced when using CpG ODN in combination with Alum .A similar effect could be achieved by using the commercial adjuvant Quickanti -body5w.This study has paved the way for further investigation on the development of hMPV epitope vaccines and diagnostic reagents for hMPV as well as the epidemiological study of hMPV .

Objective To investigate the relationship between traditional Chinese medical differentiation and immunity by observing the immunity of different types of lichen planus(OLP) patients and to proffer a new way of thinking on how to clinically identify the immune state of the patients.Methods Seventy cases of OLP patients were included,who were grouped into the type of accumulated heat of both heart and spleen,the type of hyperactivity of liver-fire,the type of flaring up of deficient fire and the type of deficiency of both qi and blood respectively.All patients received immune-examination,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results In OLP patients the type of flaring up of deficient fire accounted for the majority[53％ (37/70) ].The peripheral blood cells of the OLP patients generally expressed less CD-3 and CD-4 than normal[76％ (53/70) and 63％ (44/70) of the normal respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ].CD-3 (55.44 ± 5.57 ) and CD-8 ( 15.60 ± 3.93 ) were remarkably lower in the group of accumulated heat of both heart and spleen whereas CD-4/CD-8 (2.40 ± 0.69) and IgM (2279.33 ±729.23) went up.CD-4(30.52 ±7.50) in the group of flaring up of deficient fire decreased notably,and IgA (2608.7 ± 728.59) went up ( P ＜ 0.05).CD-3 (56.10 ± 3.24 ) in the group of deficiency of qi and blood went down remarkably.Conclusions The overall immune state of the OLP patients shows that the cell immunity is primarily out of order.The immune states of the OLP patients in different traditional Chinese medical types remain to a certain extent different.

Objective To study the expression of JNK/SAPK(c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/stress activated protein kinase)in lung and bronchus of radon-exposed mice.Methods Male BALB/c mice were exposed to radon and its progeny with the cumulative dose of 0.02,30 or 60 working level month(WLM),respectively.The expression levels of JNK/SAPK in lung and bronchus were determined with Real-Time PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods.Results The JNK mRNA levels in lung tissues of mice exposed to radon of 30 and 60 WLM were higher than those of the control by 3.56 and 2.96 times,respectively.The relative expression levels of JNK and phospho-JNK proteins were higher than those of the control by using Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods.Condusiom Expose to the radon and its progeny might activate the JNK/SAPK intracellular signaling pathway.

Objective To establish the mice model of lung injury induced by radon,and to observe the changes of pulmonary lesion at different doses and to analyze the influence of radon exposure on P53 and Bcl-2、Bax expression in lung tissue.Methods Mice were exposed to radon of 30 and 60 WLM,respectively.Apoptosis was detected by terrainal deoxynucleotidy transferse-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL).The expressions of P53,Bcl-2 and Bax protein were observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with those in the control group,the apoptotic indexes increased significantly in the 30 and 60 WLM groups(t=18.11,-10.30,P＜0.05).The protein expression of P53 was significantly increased(t=-11.08,P＜0.05).The expression levels of P53 and Bax were remarkably inereased(t=-7.00,-2.52,P＜0.05),while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased in the 60 WLM group(t=4.36,P＜0.05).But Bcl-2,Bax expression was decreased in both 30 WLM and 60 WLM groups(t=2.78,4.07,P＜0.05).Conclusions Radon could induce pulmonary lesion of mice.It may be involved in the regulation of apoptosis of pulmonary lesion by the P53,Bcl-2、Bax pathway.

OBJECTIVETo observe the primary prevention role of Wuling Capsule (WC) on poststroke depression (PSD) patients.

METHODSAcute stroke patients were recruited and randomized into 2 groups by stratification, 55 in each group. All patients received same routine treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Patients in the experimental group additionally took WC (0.33 g each pill), 3 pills per day, three times per day; while those in the control group additionally took placebos, 3 pills per day, three times per day. Two weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. The diagnosis of PSD was performed once every other week. Those in accordance with PSD diagnosis discontinued any drug therapy. Those not in accordance with PSD diagnosis continued the drug therapy for 1-12 therapeutic course(s) (in total of 6 months). If they were still not in accordance with PSD diagnosis, then they discontinued the drug therapy. The morbidity of PSD, the average time of depression occurrence, Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) score, and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3-, and 6-month morbidity of PSD was 8%, 16%, and 34% in the experimental group, while they were 19.6%, 29.4%, and 54.9% in the control group. The occurrence rate was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Besides, there was statistical difference in the 6-month occurrence rate between the two groups (chi2 = 4.465, P < 0.05). The average time of PSD occurrence was longer in the experimental group than in the control group (14.96 +/- 8.31 weeks vs. 9.36 +/- 6.06 weeks; t=6.762, P < 0.05). The HAMD score at the PSD occurrence was 11.96 +/- 2.14 in the experimental group, lower than that of the control group (14.57 +/- 4.24), showing statistical difference (t=5.641, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWC was superior to the placebos in lowering the incidence of PSD, delaying the occurrence time of PSD, attenuating the depression degree of PSD, and had certain preventive effect on the incidence of PSD.

Aged ; Capsules ; Depression ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Primary Prevention ; Stroke ; complications

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and risk factors of patient with Wegener's granulomatosis complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods Patients with Wegener's granulomatosis admitted to our hospital in the past 11 years were retrospectively analyzed.Comparisons between groups were performed by t tests or Fisher test.ResultsPulmonary infection occurred in 27 cases with an incidence rate of 29％.Twenty-six percent of pulmonary infections occurred at the initial diagnosis,and 44％ occurred within 6 months,while 30％ occurred later than 6 months.The clinical manifestations of pulmonary infection were productive cough (89％),hemoptysis (63％),fever and fatigue (56％),chest pain and pactoralgia (33％).The most common causative pathogen were bacteria(59％ ),fungi(37％ ),and tubercle bacillus(37％ ).Sinus infection(P=0.01),hypoproteinemia(P=0.03),hypoimmunoglobulinemia (P=0.007),and methylprednisolone pulse therapy(P=0.002) were the risk factors for pulmonary infection.ConclusionThe occurrence of Wegener's granulomatosis complicated with pulmonary infection is high within 6 months.The most common clinical manifestation is productive cough.The most common causative pathogens are bacteria,tubercle bacillus and fungi.Sinus infection,hypoproteinemia,hypoimmunoglobulinemia,and methylprednisolone pulse therapy are risk factors of pulmonary infection.

Objective To determine the reliability of Chinese- version of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children (CPQOL) between self-raters. Methods Family members of 21 children with cerebral palsy from rehabilitation centers or hospitals, 2 members of the same one, and 18 teenagers with cerebral palsy from a special school along with one of their parents, answered CPQOL. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between family members, as well as teenagers and their parents were calculated, and the differences of scores of each dimension between parents and teenagers were compared. Results The reliability between family members was acceptable (ICC=0.49-0.86) in all the dimension of CPQOL, which was good in the function and acquired service dimensions, and was moderate in participation and body health dimensions. The reliability was weaker between parents and teenagers (ICC=0.29-0.73), which was acceptable in the dimensions of function, and participation and body health; and very low in the dimension of welfare and acceptance. The teenagers often rated better than their parents did, especially in the dimension of participation and body health (P<0.05). Conclusion The reliability of CPQOL is acceptable when rated by family members of cerebral palsy children, especially in the dimensions of function and service acquired. It is weaker between parents and children, especially in the dimension of welfare and acceptance.

Objective To carry out the quantification management in the operation skill quality of nursing staffs and improve the nursing skill quality control level.Methods Using the computer Excel system,a quantitative evaluation regarding the nursing skill quality control was performed.According to "A Ten-step Approach to Constant Quality Improvement" from Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and combined with hospital's conditions,the nursing skill quality quantification management were conducted and achieved improvements continually.Results From 2002 to 2010,the compliance rate of the courtyard nursing skill operation quality exceeds to 90％,which shows an increasing trend.Conclusions The quantification control proves to be a scientific management methods which improve nursing skill operation.

Most chemical medicines have polymorphs. The difference of medicine polymorphs in physicochemical properties directly affects the stability, efficacy, and safety of solid medicine products. Polymorphs is incomparably important to pharmaceutical chemistry, manufacturing, and control. Meantime polymorphs is a key factor for the quality of high-end drug and formulations. Polymorph prediction technology can effectively guide screening of trial experiments, and reduce the risk of missing stable crystal form in the traditional experiment. Polymorph prediction technology was firstly based on theoretical calculations such as quantum mechanics and computational chemistry, and then was developed by the key technology of machine learning using the artificial intelligence. Nowadays, the popular trend is to combine the advantages of theoretical calculation and machine learning to jointly predict crystal structure. Recently, predicting medicine polymorphs has still been a challenging problem. It is expected to learn from and integrate existing technologies to predict medicine polymorphs more accurately and efficiently.

Objective To explore the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple oral 20 mg escitalopram in healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods A total of 12 subjects participated in the study. Escitalopram 20 mg was given orally once on day 1 and days 8 to 14 in the fast condition. Sequen-tial blood samples were collected over 144 hours on day 1 and 14 and a predose sample was obtained on day 12 to 14. Escitalopram concentrations in plasma were determined by a validated HPLC fluorescence method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS software. Results Escitalopram disposition on oral administration is characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The mean t1/2 is 41.09 h, Cavis (76.4±26.8) μg·L-1, AUCss is (1832.4±642.4) μg·h ·L-1,AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞are (4765.9±2171.0) and (5385.6±2851.2) μg ·h·L-1, respectively; tmaxis (3.2±1.3) h;t1/2 is (41.1±17.7) h;CLis 5.0 L·h1. The mean accumulation index of AUC ( RAUC) is ( 1.2 ±0.3 ). Conclusion Escitalopram pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects given 20 mg once daily dosing regimen were characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The state -concentration oc-curre after 7 days of continuously dosing. There is no accumulation after continuously dosing.