To providing evidence about nitrogen adequate application of Platycodon grandiflorum, the pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen on the growth, physiological metabolism and the quality of P. grandiflorum. The activity of NR, GS and SOD, POD and CAT were determined. And the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content, photosynthetic characteristics, active components of P. grandiflorum were determined. The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen content and P. biomass reached its maximum value, when NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N was 0: 100, the activity of NR. The activity of GS was the highest at the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25:75 and ammonium nitrogen content was the highest at 75:25. The activity of SOD decreased and then increased with the increasing of NO3(-) -N. At the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25: 75, the activity of CAT had its maximum value and the content of MDA had the minimum value. At the same time, the content of platycodon D was the highest at this treatment. The studies had shown that different nitrogen forms and ratio had a significant effect on the characteristics of photosynthetic physiology, nitrogen metabolism and resistance adjustment, growth and the quality of P. grandiflorum. The NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25: 75 was a suitable ratio of nitrogen forms for the growth of P. Grandiflorum and accumulating the content of platycodon D.
Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism ; Biomass ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Nitrates ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Platycodon ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo summarize our experiences in the treatment of type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures fixed with AO 2.4 mm locking plates combined with percutaneous pinning after manipulative reduction.

METHODSFrom May 2009 to March 2012, 19 patients (2 cases of both sides) with type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures were treated with volar locking plates combined with percutaneous pinning for distal radius after manipulative reduction. Among the patients, the average age was (45.3 ± 17.4) years old (ranged, 31 to 66 years old). The fracture were complicated with ulnar styloid fracture in 14 wrists and 6 wrists had distal radioulnar joint instability. All the patients had closed fracture and the mean duration was (6.7 ± 3.5) days (4.5 to 9 days). The Henry approach was applied to expose the fracture site. Joint capsule and ligaments were retained for indirect reduction. After indirect reduction, the poking reduction technique was used to correct the residual compression, and congruence of distal ulnar radial joint was verified under fluorscopic guidance. Styloid process was first pinned percutaneously and then AO 2.4 mm volar locking plate was used to support rigid fixation. The fractures complicated with distal radioulnar joint instability and ulnar styloid fracture were treated with forearm plaster support in supination for 6 weeks.

RESULTSNineteen patients (21 wrists) were followed up for an average duration of 10.5 months (ranged, 7 to 17 months). Radiographic bone union of distal radius was achieved in all cases, nonunion of the ulnar styloid occurred in 3 cases, and no distal radioulnar joint instability occurred. Tendon irritation was found in 2 cases and disappeared after the internal fixation was removed. The volar tilt, radial angle, radial length, incongruence of articular surface and distal radioulnar joint were observed at the follow-up. According to Batra and Gupta scoring system, 13 wrists were assessed to have a score of more than 80, 5 wrists 70 to 90, 3 wrists less than 70. Meanwhile, the subjective and objective evaluation was executed,range of motion of wrist, residual deformity and complications were observed. According to Sarmiento's modification of the system of Gartland and Werley, 17 wrists got an excellent result, 3 good and 1 fair.

CONCLUSIONType C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures could be managed with manipulative reduction. Locking plate internal fixation combined with percutaneous pinning can offer enough support for early mobilization and rehabilitation, resulting in a better clinical outcome and satisfactory prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; complications ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of the treatment for comminuted fractures of proximal humerus with open reduction and internal fixation, and the influence of the different internal fixation.

METHODSFrom January 2003 to June 2007, 423 cases of comminuted fractures of proximal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Among them, 139 patients included 51 males and 88 females were treated with the Kirschner needle with an average age of 55.8 years old ranging from 35 to 72 years, and the average course was 7 days (from 3 to 20 days); 103 patients included 48 males and 55 females were treated with the cloverleaf plate with an average age of 56.7 years old (from 22 to 76 years), and the average course was 8.5 days (from 3 to 23 days); 181 patients included 85 males and 96 females were treated with the locking plate with an average age of 57.1 years old (from 29 to 77 years), and the average course was 7.9 days (from 3 to 21 days). The pain, daily activities, orbit, and the strength of the shoulder were evaluated with the Constant's scale.

RESULTSThe wound of all the cases was primary healing. All patients were followed-up for over 12 months, the sings and symptoms of all the patients were improved very well. There was significant difference between, before and after operation on Constant's scoring. While there was not significant difference among the different internal fixation.

CONCLUSIONOpen reduction and internal fixation is effective for comminuted fractures of proximal humerus. There is no significant difference on therapeutic efficacy in different internal fixation.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Fractures, Comminuted ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Shoulder Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To prospectively investigate laryngoscopy-assisted CO2 laser in the treatment of glottic laryngeal carcinoma.Methods 97 patients with early glottic laryngeal carcinoma in our hospital were selected and divided into control group (n =48) and observation group (n =49) according to random number table.The control group was treated with partial laryngectomy and the observation group was treated with laryngoscopy-assisted CO2 laser.The clinical efficacy,serum level of α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AG) and ceruloplasmin (CER) after 10 min of the surgery and changes of the indicators of voice function [fundamental frequency jitter (jitter),the longest sound time (MPT),sound pressure level (SPL)] were observed and compared between the two groups,and the incidence of complications and quality of life (QOL) scores were statistically compared.Results The total remission rate in the observation group was 79.59％ (39/49),which was higher than that in the control group 56.25％ (27/48),with statistically significant difference (x2 =6.075,P =0.014).The levels of serum α1-AG and CER in the observation group 10 min after surgery were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant difference (t =2.641,P =0.010,t =31.242,P =0.000).From 2 weeks after surgery to 3 months after surgery,SPL and MPT of two groups decreased first and then increased;Jitter increased first and then decreased,and the changing amplitude in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.04％ (1/49),which was lower than that in the control group 16.67％ (8/48),with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05);3 months after surgery,the QOL score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Supporting laryngoscope CO2 laser surgery can improve stress state and quality of life of early glottic laryngeal cancer patients,and the incidence of complications is low.It has little effect on voice function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the approach of open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of anteromedial coronoid facet fractures and associated injury.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to August 2011, 6 coronoid anteromedial facet fractures were treated (4 males and 2 females,the average age was 32.6 years old,ranged from 19 to 49 years old) in our hospital. Three patients had fractures in the left side and 3 in the right(4 dominant sides and 2 non dominant sides). All the patients had close fractures. All the fractures were subtype 2 or subtype 3 of coronoid anteromedial facet fracture according to O'Driscoll classification. The anteromedial incision of elbow and the approach of splitting flexor digitorum superficialis between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus were used to apply internal fixation with mini-plate. After fixation of coronoid fracture, widening of radiohumeral joint interspace under varus stress occurred in 3 cases,elbow varus posteromedial rotational instability was showed,and the exploration and repair of radial collateral ligament was not carried out. Plaster was applied for 2 weeks before rehabilitation and the time of plaster application extended to 4 weeks in the patients showed varus posteromedial rotational instability. The motion degree,pain and stability, strength of elbow and hand were recorded,the elbows were evaluated with modified An and Morrey functional rating index.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the average duration was 9.3 months (ranged from 7.5 to 13 months). The strength of elbow and hand were equal to that in the contralateral side. The average flexion was (129.0+/-6.5) degree (ranged from 120 to 135 degree); the average extention was (4.0+/-4.2) degree (ranged from 0 to 10 degree); the average forearm pronation was (84.0+/-6.5) degree (ranged from 75 to 90 degree); average supination was (89.0+/-7.1) degree (ranged from 80 to 100 degree). One patient had ulnar sensory neuropathy after operation and healed in half-year, no postoperative complications as pain and instability accured. All the patients obtained excellent results according to modified An and Morrey functional rating index.

CONCLUSIONThe approach of splitting flexor digitorum superficialis between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus could be used in open reduction and internal fixation of anteromedial coronoid facet farcture, rehabilitation should be postponed in the patient showed elbow varus posteromedial rotational instability.

Adult ; Casts, Surgical ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of early treatment via fiber bronchoscope in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) complicated by airway mucus obstruction.

METHODSAccording to the time from admission to the treatment via fiber bronchoscope, the children with MPP who were found to have airway mucus obstruction under a fiber bronchoscope were randomly divided into early intervention group (≤3 days; n=40) and late intervention group (>3 days; n=56). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and imaging recovery.The children were followed for 1-3 months.

RESULTSOf the 96 children, 38 were found to have the formation of plastic bronchial tree, among whom 10 were in the early intervention group and 28 were in the late intervention group (P=0.01). Compared with the late intervention group, the early intervention group had a shorter duration of fever, length of hospital stay, and time to the recovery of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (P<0.05), as well as a higher atelectasis resolution rate (P<0.05). Compared with the late intervention group, the early intervention group had a higher percentage of children with a ≥ 60% absorbed area of pulmonary consolidation at discharge. After 3 months of follow-up, the early intervention group had a higher percentage of children with a ≥ 90% absorbed area of pulmonary consolidation than the late intervention group (80% vs 55%; P=0.01), and the early intervention group had a lower incidence rate of atelectasis than the late intervention group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEarly treatment via fiber bronchoscope can shorten the course of the disease and reduce complications and sequelae in MPP children with airway mucus obstruction.

Airway Obstruction ; therapy ; Bronchoscopes ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Male ; Mucus ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; complications

Objective:To investigate the effect of Guilu Erxian Jiao (GEJ) on the negative feedback function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its possible mechanism in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods:The PTSD rat model was established using single prolonged stress (SPS). Ninety six SD rats were randomly divided into control group (control), model group (SPS), GEJ group (GEJ) and paroxetine group (PRX) according to the random number table with 24 rats in each group. Except the control group, the rats in the other groups were constructed using the PTSD model. On the 8th day after the establishment of the model, the rats of the GEJ group (3.6 g/kg) and the PRX group (10 mg/kg) were respectively given the drug by gavage for 21 days. The rats in control group and SPS group were given the same amount of distilled water once a day for 21 days. After continuous administration for 21 days, 12 rats were randomly selected from each group for the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), then 6 rats were selected for the RT-PCR, and the remaining 6 rats were used for immunohistochemistry. The contents of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were measured by Elisa. The expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing factor Ⅰ receptor (CRF1R) and adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing factor Ⅱ receptor (CRF2R) were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results:(1) In DST, plasma ACTH level in SPS group was significantly lower than that in control group((145.89±19.41)μg/L, (203.59±35.78)μg/L, t=3.16, P<0.01), and that in the PRX group and GEJ group were significantly higher than that in SPS group((218.47±37.55)μg/L, t=3.98, P<0.01; (205.33±66.54)μg/L, t=3.26, P<0.01). (2) RT-PCR results showed that, in hippocampus, the GR mRNA and MR mRNA expressions in SPS group were significantly higher than those in control group((1.29±0.02), (1.00±0.06), t=6.88, P<0.01; (1.38±0.02), (1.00±0.05), t=7.97, P<0.01), and that in the GEJ group significantly decreased comparing to SPS group((0.96±0.07), t=7.87, P<0.01; (0.86±0.13), t=11.03, P<0.01). (3) Immunohistochemical results showed that, in hippocampus, the positive cell expressions of GR and MR in the SPS group were significantly higher than those in control group((84.33±12.82), (69.33±8.19), t=2.50, P<0.05; (77.33±6.65), (56.33±11.79), t=2.25, P<0.05), and that in the GEJ group significantly were lower than SPS group((68.33±4.55), t=2.67, P<0.05; (59.50±4.18), t=2.25, P<0.05). In amygdala, the positive cells expression of GR, MR and CRF1R in the SPS group significantly decreased compared with the control group((62.67±6.89), (77.17±10.70), t=3.10, P<0.05; (60.50±11.66), (91.83±15.63), t=3.43, P<0.05; (54.50±19.96), (88.17±22.43), t=2.31, P<0.05); and that in GEJ group significantly increased compared with the SPS group((74.33±5.85), t=2.11, P<0.05; (83.67±12.55), t=2.53, P<0.05; (88.67±16.28), t=2.35, P<0.05). Conclusion:GEJ can inhibit the enhanced HPA axis negative feedback function induced by SPS, which may be related to regulating expression of GR, MR and CRF1R in the hippocampus and amygdala.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of modified Nirschl surgical techniique in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to January 2011,21 patients (21 elbows) with refractory lateral epicondylitis were treated in our hospital. There were 8 males and 13 females,ranged in age from 25 to 59 years with an average of (48.3+/-13.4) years and the duration time from 8 to 33 months with an average of (17.1+/-7.7) months;affected position in dominant sides of 16 cases and non-dominant sides of 5 cases. The patients had already received multiple non-operative treatments. Modified Nirschl surgical technique was performed,and operative origination from origin of musculus extensor carpi radialis brevis to discard process with small incision, the process place of extensor digitorum communis would be removed. The incisions were nursed by ice compress for 2 days after operation. Range of motion (ROM) and strengthening exercise of elbow joints started at the 1 week after plaster slab fixation; ROM and strengthening exercise of wrist joints also started at the 2 week after fixation. The pain, power of gripping and patient staisfaction were recorded after operation. Verhaar scaling were used to estimate the recovery.

RESULTSSeventeen patients were followed up from 13 to 22 months with an average of 16.3 months. According to Verhaar standard, 15 cases obtained excellent results and 2 good. No postoperative complication such as instability was found.

CONCLUSIONModified Nirschl surgical technique is an effective method in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis but correct to diagnosis and exclusion the coexisting diseases,accurate removal the process are important guarantee.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Elbow Joint ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tennis Elbow ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery

Objective: To investigate the current status and real performance of the detection of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript levels and WT1 transcript levels in China through interlaboratory comparison. Methods: Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) prepared the samples for comparison. That is, the fresh RUNX1-RUNX1T1 positive (+) bone morrow nucleated cells were serially diluted with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 negative (-) nucleated cells from different patients. Totally 23 sets with 14 different samples per set were prepared. TRIzol reagent was added in each tube and thoroughly mixed with cells for homogenization. Each laboratory simultaneously tested RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels of one set of samples by real-time quantitative PCR method. All transcript levels were reported as the percentage of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or WT1 transcript copies/ABL copies. Spearman correlation coefficient between the reported transcript levels of each participated laboratory and those of PKUPH was calculated. Results: ①RUNX1-RUNX1T1 comparison: 9 samples were (+) and 5 were (-) , the false negative and positive rates of the 20 participated laboratories were 0 (0/180) and 5% (5/100) , respectively. The reported transcript levels of all 9 positive samples were different among laboratories. The median reported transcript levels of 9 positive samples were from 0.060% to 176.7%, which covered 3.5-log. The ratios of each sample's highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.5 to 12.3 (one result which obviously deviated from other laboratories' results was not included) , 85% (17/20) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ②WT1 comparison: The median reported transcript levels of all 14 samples were from 0.17% to 67.6%, which covered 2.6-log. The ratios of each sample's highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.3-13.7, 62% (13/21) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ③ The relative relationship of the reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels between the participants and PKUPH was not always consistent with that of WT1 transcript levels. Both RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels from 2 and 7 laboratories were individually lower than and higher than those of PKUPH, whereas for the rest 11 laboratories, one transcript level was higher than and the other was lower than that of PKUPH. Conclusion: The reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels were different among laboratories for the same sample. Most of the participated laboratories reported highly consistent result with that of PKUPH. The relationship between laboratories of the different transcript levels may not be the same.
China ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription, Genetic ; WT1 Proteins