Objective To assess the impact of tea consumption on the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures.Methods Between January 2008 and June 2012,581 (148 males,433 females) incident cases of hip fractures were enrolled from four hospitals in Guangdong province,with 581 sex-and age-matched (± 3 years) controls from either hospitals or communities.Face-to-face interviews wer conducted to collect data pertaining to tea drinking and various covariates.Results Results from univariate conditional logistic analyses showed that an inverse association was observed in tea drinking and hip fracture risk.Longer time,greater frequency and dosage of tea consumption were dose-dependently associated with lower risk of hip fractures (P-trend ＜0.05).Compared to non drinkers,the odd ratios related to regular tea drinkers,subgroups with different length,frequency,dosage,type of tea consumption were ranged between 0.54 and 0.74 (all P＜0.05).After adjustment for factors as age,daily energy intake,BMI,education levels,passive smoking,calcium supplement and physical activity,the dose-dependent associations among above said factors still remained significant.However,the strength of the association lowered slightly.The beneficial effect of tea was significant only in men but not in women.Similar effects were found in subjects with different education levels.Conclusion Regular tea drinking habit might decrease the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures in the elderly males.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and feasibility of genipin-crosslinked amniotic membrane(AM) as bio-scaffold.Methods Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) were isolated from fresh umbilical cord and cultured by adherent method.The expressions of PE-CD34,PE-CD45,PE-CD90,FITC-105 and FITC-Oct-4,the markers of hUCMSCs,were detected by flow cytometry.Alizarin red and oil red O staining were performed to identify the cells after adipogenesis and osteogenesis induction on the third-generation cells.Human AMs were treated at 37 ℃ and 45 ℃ by 0.5％ and 1％ genipin solution for 24,36 and 48 hours respectively,and the mechanical properties of AM in each group were measured and compared.The hUCMSCs were divided into only hUCMSCs culture group,fresh AM group,crosslinked AM group,gelatin group and crosslinked AM+gelatin group,and the cells were cultured in the corresponding medium.The content of hydroxyproline among the groups was detected with hydroxyproline kit,and proliferation of the cells (absorbance) was assayed by MTT method to evaluate the biological compatibility of crosslinked AM.Results The maximum tensile displacement of the crosslinked-AM by 0.5％ and 1％ genipin was (8.31±0.43)mm and (4.49±0.37)mm respectively,and those after crosslinked with 0.5％ genipin under the 37 ℃ and 45 ℃ for 24 hours was (9.89±1.09)mm and (5.39±0.59)mm,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (t =6.389,P＜0.05).The maximum tensile displacement of the crosslinked-AM was gradually decreased as the lapse of crosslinking time,and an insignificant difference was found among 24,36 and 48 hours after 0.5％ genipin treatment under the 37 ℃ (P＞0.05).The loading force of the crosslinked-AM was significantly higher in the 1％ genipin treated group than that in the 0.5％ genipin treated group (P＜0.05),and the loading force of the AM was significantly increased in 45 ℃,0.5％ genipin,24 hours crosslinked group compared with the 37 ℃,0.5％ genipin,24 hours crosslinked group (t =5.528,P＜0.05).The content of hydroxyproline in the AM was (1.28±0.36),(2.03 ±0.49) and (2.11 ±0.10) mg/g in the 1％ genipin crosslinked AM group,0.5％ genipin crosslinked AM group and fresh AM group,respectively,and the content of hydroxyproline in the AM in the 1％ genipin group was significantly lower than that in the 0.5％ genipin group in the fresh AM group (both at P＜0.05).The proliferative values of the hUCMSCs were significantly lower in the only hUCMSCs culture group,fresh AM group and gelatin group were significantly reduced in comparison with the crosslinked AM group and crosslinked AM+gelatin group (all at P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the proliferative values of the hUCMSCs between crosslinked AM group and crosslinked AM+gelatin group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Different crosslinked temprature,crosslinking period and concentration of genipin impact the mechanical properties of AM.Crosslinked AM with genipin is feasible as a carrier scaffold of artificial cornea because of less tissue toxicity and better plasticity.

Objective::To observe the effect of icariin on damaged neurons from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in order to explore some mechanisms for repairing damaged neurons. Method::PC12 cells were induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) to differentiate into neurons, and the positive rate of microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) expressions was determined by flow cytometry. The experiment was divided into 4 groups, blank control group: PC12 induced differentiation into neuronal cells, solvent control group: PC12 induced differentiation into neurons+ 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thapsigargin group: PC12 induced differentiation into nerves Yuan+ 2 μmol·L^-1 thapsigargin, and icariin group: PC12 induced differentiation into neurons+ 2 μmol·L^-1 thapsigargin+ 0.1 μmol·L^-1 icariin. The proliferation of the cells was detected by using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method, the apoptosis of the cells was detected by flow cytometry, the protein expressions of CCAAT/enhace-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP) and glucoseregulated protein 78(Grp78) were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expressions of CHOP and Grp78 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). Result::Compared with the solvent control group, the thapsigargin group inhibited the proliferation of neuron-like PC12 cells induced by NGF, promoted apoptosis, and up-regulated the expressions of CHOP and Grp78 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the thapsigargin group, the icariin group can alleviate the inhibition of neurotrophic activity by thapsigargin, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and down-regulate the expressions of CHOP and Grp78 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Icariin can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress by down-regulating the expressions of CHOP and Grp78 and promote the repair of damaged neurons.